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Hepatitis B virus molecular biology and pathogenesis

Hepatoma Research 2016年第1期2卷 163-186页

作者： R.jason Lamontagne Sumedha Bagga michael j.bouchard Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19102USA The Wistar Institute PhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

As obligate intracellular parasites,viruses need a host cell to provide a milieu favorable to viral ***,viruses often adopt mechanisms to subvert host cellular signaling *** beneficial for the viral replication cycle,virus-induced deregulation of host cellular signaling processes can be detrimental to host cell physiology and can lead to virus-associated pathogenesis,including,for oncogenic viruses,cell transformation and cancer *** among these oncogenic viruses is the hepatitis B virus(HBV).Despite the availability of an HBV vaccine,350-500 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HBV,and a significant number of these chronically infected individuals will develop hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic infection with HBV is the leading risk factor for the development of ***,HCC is the second highest cause of cancer-associated deaths,underscoring the need for understanding mechanisms that regulate HBV replication and the development of HBV-associated *** is the prototype member of the Hepadnaviridae family;members of this family of viruses have a narrow host range and predominately infect hepatocytes in their respective *** extremely small and compact hepadnaviral genome,the unique arrangement of open reading frames,and a replication strategy utilizing reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate to generate the DNA genome are distinguishing features of the *** this review,the authors provide a comprehensive description of HBV biology,summarize the model systems used for studying HBV infections,and highlight potential mechanisms that link a chronic HBV-infection to the development of *** example,the HBV X protein(HBx),a key regulatory HBV protein that is important for HBV replication,is thought to play a cofactor role in the development of HBV-induced HCC,and the authors highlight the functions of HBx that may contribute to the dev

关键词： Hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma hepatitis B virus life cycle hepatitis B virus-associated disease

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Effect of Si,Cu and Fe on mechanical properties of cast semi-solid 206 alloys

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第9期20卷 1555-1560页

作者： A.LEMIEUX j.LANGLAIS D.bouchard X.GRANT CHEN Rio Tinto Alcan Arvida Research and Development Centre Rio Tinto Alcan Laterrière Works NRC-Aluminium Technology Centre Université du Québec à Chicoutimi

The development of a modified 206 alloy whose composition was optimized to minimize hot tearing during semi-solid forming was reported. The effect of varying silicon, copper and iron contents was investigated using a design of experiment (DOE) approach. Semi-solid slurries were prepared using the SEED process and injected into a high pressure die casting press. The hot tearing sensitivity results were reported for different alloy variants. The microstructure evolution during the semi-solid preparation was presented along with actual die cast components. The effects of silicon, copper and iron on mechanical properties in the T7 condition were also analyzed. Beyond the benefit of reducing hot tearing, it is shown that the tensile and fatigue properties remain compatible with the automotive industry requirements.

关键词：半固态合金力学性能铁含量热裂敏感性硅铜铸造半固态成形

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Safety and predictors of adherence of a new rehabilitation program for older women with congestive heart failure

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第3期9卷 243-246页

作者： Nahid A. Azad Kathy bouchard Alain Mayhew Maureen Carter Frank j. Molnar Geriatric Assessment Unit Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa Ontario K1Y4E9 Canada Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa Ontario K1Y4E9 Canada jET Programme Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus 1053 Carling Avenue Ottawa Ontario K1Y4E9 Canada The IElisabeth-Bruybre Research Institute 43 Bruybre St. Ottawa Ontario KIN 5C8 Canada

ObjectivesTo 与充血的心失败(CHF ) 为老妇人估计一个心脏的康复节目的安全并且决定有 CHF 的超过 65 岁的某些因素影响 *** 是否出席了 physiotherapist 监督的一个锻练节目。生活的质量被纽约心协会(NYHA ) 班被明尼苏达生活与心失... 详细信息

ObjectivesTo 与充血的心失败(CHF ) 为老妇人估计一个心脏的康复节目的安全并且决定有 CHF 的超过 65 岁的某些因素影响 *** 是否出席了 physiotherapist 监督的一个锻练节目。生活的质量被纽约心协会(NYHA ) 班被明尼苏达生活与心失败问询表(MLHFQ ) 和疾病的严厉测量。题目会议被分类进出席了 90% 的那些或更多，出席了不到 90%*** 一个题目的那些被学习。八个题目没出席任何会议。43 个参加者，出席的会议的平均百分比是 87% 。在年龄， MLHFQ 或 NYHA 班的二个组之间没有重要差别。仅仅从有的 280 参加者 *** 节目有一个不利事件在这张人口的坚持的高水平。班没在会话出席上影响的年龄， MLHFQ 或 NYHA。我们的数据建议这个节目为这张人口是安全的。进一步的研究被需要决定出席的另外的预言者和安全问题和长期的坚持的考试在这张人口锻练。

关键词：充血性心力衰竭安全性心脏妇女老年康复预测生活质量

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皮革涂饰中的聚氨酯

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中国皮革 1979年第5期 44-48页

作者： j.bouchard M.Greif 谢俊武

引言聚氨酯是在1950年实现重要的工业化生产的。自那以后,它有了惊人的发展。去年(1976年—译者注)单是异氰酸酯就使用了53亿磅,预计到1983年将达到80亿磅。

关键词：聚合物反应式氨基甲酸大分子化合物异氰酸醋皮革涂饰整饰化学反应双官能团脂肪族多元醇预聚合基团化学计算

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Hepatitis B virus and micro RNAs:Complex interactions affecting hepatitis B virus replication and hepatitis B virusassociated diseases

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7375-7399页

作者： jason Lamontagne Laura F Steel michael j.bouchard Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Department of Biochemistry Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia

Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus(HBV) is the leading risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). With nearly 750000 deaths yearly, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second highest cause of cancer-related death in the world. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of HBV-associated HCC remain incompletely understood. Recently, micro RNAs(mi RNAs), a family of small non-coding RNAs that play a role primarily in post-transcriptional gene regulation, have been recognized as important regulators of cellular homeostasis, and altered regulation of mi RNA expression has been suggested to play a significant role in virus-associated diseases and the development of many cancers. With this in mind, many groups have begun to investigate the relationship between mi RNAs and HBV replication and HBV-associated disease. Multiple findings suggest that some mi RNAs, such as mi R-122, and mi R-125 and mi R-199 family members, are playing a role in HBV replication and HBV-associated disease, including the development of HBV-associated HCC. In this review, we discuss the current state of our understanding of the relationship between HBV and mi RNAs, including how HBV affects cellular mi RNAs, how these mi RNAs impact HBV replication, and the relationship between HBV-mediated mi RNA regulation and HCC development. We also address the impact of challenges in studying HBV, such as the lack of an effective model system for infectivity and a reliance on transformed cell lines, on our understanding of the relationship between HBV and mi RNAs, and proposepotential applications of mi RNA-related techniques that could enhance our understanding of the role mi RNAs play in HBV replication and HBV-associated disease, ultimately leading to new therapeutic options and improved patient outcomes.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus MicroRNA Hepatocellularcarcinoma Hepatitis B virus replication

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Associations between Socio-Economic Factors,Ethnicity,and Traffic Exposure in Montreal,Canada

Associations between Socio-Economic Factors,Ethnicity,and Tr...

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2012年环境污染与大众健康学术会议

作者： Michèle bouchard john j.Spinelli Igor Burstyn Kristan j.Aronson Université de Montréal Montreal Canada BC Cancer Agency Vancouver Canada University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Drexel University Philadelphia USA Queen's University Kingston Canada

Background:Air pollution from motor vehicle traffic is a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） exposure in urban areas. Certain PAHs have been classified as probable human carcinogens by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Some research indicates that people with low socio- economic status （SES） and other vulnerabilities may be exposed to heavier air pollution and thus PAHs. However, these findings have been inconsistent. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011, using as the study population base a random sample of household telephone numbers within defined areas based on distance of residences to major roads and highways on the island of Montreal. 200 volunteers （107 females and 93 males） ages 20-53, without renal disease or history of cancer, were recruited throuch telephone screening. 116 participants lived within 500 feet of highways or major roads;36 participants lived between 500 and 750 feet from highways or major roads;and 48 participants lived greater than 750 feet away from highways or major roads. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing demo-graphics that included ethnicity and socio-economic indicators. ArcMap software and DMTI electronic street files were used to create zones of distance to highways and major roads. Residential traffic density was calculated based on routinely-collected traffic volume data from municipalities on the island of Montreal and from Transport Quebec. Results:Persons in full-time employment tended to live closer to heavy traffic （OR:2.71, 95% CI:1.26-5.85 for full-time work vs. unemployed）. No association was detected between ethnicity or education and level of traffic exposure. Conclusion:We observed gradients in exposure to traffic only for the aspect of SES related to employment, in the direction that full-time employment is associated with higher traffic exposure.

关键词： Environmental inequity ethnicity socio-economic status geographic information system (GIS)

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儿童黑色素瘤及前哨淋巴结活检

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 51-52页

作者： Bütter A. Chapdelaine j. S. bouchard 阿明 Divisions of Pediatric Surgery Sainte Justine Hospital Montreal Que. H3T 1C5 Canada

Background: The rarity of pediatric melanoma prompted our review of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and associated prognosis. Methods: A chart review from 1989 to 2004 revealed 12 cases of cutaneous melanoma. Variables analyzed included demographics, site, histology, tumor characteristics, nodal status, and distant metastasis (TMN status), SLNB and/or therapeutic lymph node dissection (TLND), adjuvant treatment, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 8.5 years with 7 of 12 patients younger than 10 years (range, 0.3-17.9 years). Site distribution was the extremity (7), trunk (4), and head and neck (1). All patients had wide local excision and primary closure or skin graft. Breslow’s thickness averaged 3.5 mm (range, 0.8-6 mm). Only patients diagnosed after 2000 with melanomas thicker than 1 mm were offered SLNB (extremity = 2, trunk = 1, head and neck = 1). Two patients had positive sentinel lymph node: one received TLND and interferon and one is followed closely (unclear pathology). Disease-free survival and overall survival by stage were stage I (n = 2, 3.9 years, 100%), stage II (n = 6, 7.7 years, 83%), stage III (n = 4, 2.6 years, 75%), and stage IV (n = 0). A stage II patient with negative SLNB, adjuvant chemotherapy, and interferon died 26 months after diagnosis, and a stage III patient with clinically and pathologically positive nodes after TLND died 15 months after diagnosis. Conclusion: Although a negative SLNB does not guarantee a favorable prognosis, its increasing use will further define its role in pediatric melanoma.

关键词：前哨淋巴结活检黑色素瘤淋巴结切除淋巴结阳性无病生存期辅助化疗组织学检查肿瘤分布干扰素治疗病理学确诊

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胸腔镜下切除前肠重复畸形是否具有优势

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 46-47页

作者： Bratu I. Laberge j. -M. Flageole H. bouchard S. 李丹 Div. Pediat. Surg. Montreal C. McGill University Health Center Montreal Que. H3H-1P3 Canada

Thoracoscopy has an expanding role in the treatment of FD cysts (bronchogenic cysts and esophageal duplications). We examined this trend in our patients and reviewed our overall experience. All charts of children undergoing surgery for foregut duplications (FDs) in 2 pediatric hospitals between 1992 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Data gathered included age, weight, symptoms, diagnostic tests, operative technique, postoperative course, complications, and outcome. There were 39 children, with FD resected by thoracotomy in 21 patients, thoracoscopy in 11 patients (no conversions to open), cervical incision in 6 patients, and laparotomy in 1 patient for an FD near the gastroesophageal junction. Diagnosis was made by antenatal ultrasound in 7 cases. Four of these neonates had tachypnea or cough, and the rest were asymptomatic. Seventy-five percent of patients diagnosed postnatally presented with respiratory symptoms. Excision of isolated FD (without lung resection)was compared between those who had a thoracotomy (n = 16) vs thoracoscopy (n = 11). The age, weight, operating time, and anesthesia time were not different between the 2 groups. However, the thoracoscopy group had significantly fewer chest tube days (1.6 vs 3.3 days) and a shorter hospital stay (2.6 vs 6.6 days). Intraoperative complications consisted of tracheal injury in 3 patients (2 thoracotomy, 1 thoracoscopy)-and esophageal mucosal injury in 2 patients (both thoracotomy), which were all recognized and repaired. Foregut duplications may present in a variety of ways and locations. Thoracoscopy is advantageous for isolated intrathoracic FDs.

关键词：肠重复畸形镜下切除开胸术诊断性检查剖腹术麻醉时间儿童医院手术时间术中并发症插管时间

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电生理检查阴性的单纯晕厥患者中心脏事件的临床预测指标

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 30-31页

作者： Da Costa A. Gulian j. - L. Romeyer-bouchard C. 徐永城(译) 马超(校) Service de Cardiologie Hopital Nord Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne42 055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France 不详

Background: Patients with syncope or near syncope of unknown etiology represen t a great challenge to cardiologists. An initial symptomatic episode triggers a series of diagnostic analysis which remain unsatisfactory when negative. More in vasive tools such as electrophysiologic testing yield only partial answers to ri sk stratification while the complementary implantable holter diagnostics are not usually considered until a recurrent episode is documented. Objective: This stu dy targets predictors of significant cardiac rhythmic events in patients with a reported episode of syncope or near syncope presenting with negative diagnostics and electrophysiologic study results(EPS). A significant cardiac rhythmic event was defined as a combined end-point of(1) symptomatic AV block;(2) symptomatic conduction abnormalities requiring pacemaker therapy;(3) symptomatic sustained ventricular arrhythmia; and(4) sudden ***: All patients undergoing EPS after a first episode of syncope or presyncope between january 1997 and Decembe r 2001 were included for analysis. The study population consisted of 329 pts(42. 6%women), 21 to 96 years old(mean 70±15 years) referred for an EP study for sy ncope or near syncope. Results: Of the 329 patients who underwent EPS, 305(92.7 %) had follow-up data. The population, mean age 70(±15 years) and composed of 42%women, presented with hypertension(51.5%), diabetes mellitus(14.4%), hype rcholesterolemia(30%), tobacco use(35%), a familial history of coronary heart disease(22%), history of stroke(4%), history of MI(12%), history of atrial fi brillation(10%), structural heart disease(17.4%), left ventricular ejection fr action 61(±11%) and ECG abnormalities(37%). These anomalies included right(RB BB) or left(LBBB) bundle branch blocks, left anterior fascicular block(LAFB), le ft posterior fascicular block(LPFB), bifascicular block(RBBB +LAFB) and traces of myocardial in farction. The mean follow-up was 31±20 months with 5%of patients recordin

关键词：临床预测指标电生理检查晕厥心脏事件阴性诊断性检查房室传导阻滞器质性心脏病

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三尖瓣与下腔静脉间峡部血管造影评价281例随机使用8mm大头导管或盐水灌注导管患者房扑消融的疗效

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第1期3卷 48-49页

作者： Da Costa A. Romeyer-bouchard C. Dauphinot V. 巩雪 Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine J. Lisfranc Jean Monnet University 42 055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2 France

目的:三尖瓣与下腔静脉间峡部(CTI)依赖性房扑的射频消融(RFA)可应用多种消融导管。最近的研究比较了冷盐水灌注RFA(ecRFA)导管和大头(8mm)导管,结果发现ecRFA导管用于CTI消融的效果可能更好。本前瞻性研究旨在依据CTI形态学分层对两种... 详细信息

目的:三尖瓣与下腔静脉间峡部(CTI)依赖性房扑的射频消融(RFA)可应用多种消融导管。最近的研究比较了冷盐水灌注RFA(ecRFA)导管和大头(8mm)导管,结果发现ecRFA导管用于CTI消融的效果可能更好。本前瞻性研究旨在依据CTI形态学分层对两种导管进行比较,以部分解释此前随机化研究结果的不一致性,并在临床、超声心电图和血管造影资料中确定复杂CTI消融的预测因素。

关键词：房扑消融随机使用血管造影冷盐水峡部射频消融下腔静脉部分解释不一致性超声心电图

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