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Improving modeling of low-altitude particulate matter emission and dispersion:A cotton gin case study

journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第11期133卷 8-22页

作者： Zijiang Yang michael N.Evans michael D.Buser Cathleen j.Hapeman Alba Torrents Derek P.Whitelock Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland College Park1173 Glenn L.Martin HallCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States Department of Geology University of Maryland College Park1212B Chemistry BuildingCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center 1120 Geology BuildingUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceOffice of National Programs5601 Sunnyside Ave(GWCC 4–2282)BeltsvilleMaryland 20705United States United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHenry A.Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center10300 Baltimore AvenueBeltsvilleMaryland 20705United States United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSouthwestern Cotton Ginning Research LaboratoryPO Box 578Mesilla ParkNew Mexico 88047United States

Monitoring and modeling of airborne particulate matter(PM)from low-altitude sources is becoming an important regulatory target as the adverse health consequences of PM become better ***,application of models not specifically designed for simulation of PM from low-altitude emissions may bias *** address this problem,we describe the modification and validation of an air dispersion model for the simulation of lowaltitude PM dispersion from a typical cotton ginning *** found that the regulatory recommended model(AERMOD)overestimated pollutant concentrations by factors of 64.7,6.97 and 7.44 on average for PM 2.5,PM 10,and TSP,*** concentrations were negatively correlated with height(pjustment and application of pre-existing models for risk assessment and development of remediation *** same approach may also be applied to improve simulations of other air pollutants and environmental conditions of concern.

关键词： Air quality Particulate matter Air dispersion modelling Cotton gin

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A near infrared spectroscopy calibration for the prediction of fresh grass quality on Irish pastures

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 243-253页

作者： Darren j.Murphy Bernadette O’Brien michael O’Donovan Tomas Condon michael D.Murphy Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreMooreparkFermoyCo.CorkIreland Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland

The aim of this study was to develop near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)calibrations to predict quality parameters,dry matter(DM,g kg1)and crude protein(CP,g kg1 DM),in fresh un-dried *** of these parameters would enable more precise allocation of quality herbage to grazing *** ryegrass samples(n=1615)were collected over the 2017 and 2018 grazing seasons at Teagasc Moorepark to develop a NIRS calibration *** samples were collected for an independent validation dataset(n=197)during the 2019 grazing *** were scanned using a FOSS 6500 spectrometer at 2 nm intervals in the range of 1100~2500 nm and absorption was recorded as log 1/Reflec*** wet chemistry analysis was carried out for both parameters and the resultant data were calibrated against spectral data by means of modified partial least squares regression.A range of mathematical spectral treatments were examined for each calibration,which were ranked in order of standard error of prediction(SEP)and ratio of percent deviation(RPD).Best performing calibrations achieved high predictive precision for DM(R2=0.86 SEP=9.46 g kg1,RPD=2.60)and moderate precision for CP(R2=0.84 SEP=20.38 g kg1 DM,RPD=2.37).These calibrations will aid the optimisation of grassland management and the development of precision agricultural technologies.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopy Fresh grass analysis Grassland management Grass quality Precision agriculture

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Total amino acid level affects the results of standardized ileal digestibility assays for feed ingredients for swine

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 19-30页

作者： Darlene j.Bloxham michael Azain Gene M.Pesti Shu-Biao Wu Department of Poultry Science The University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences The University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA The University of New England ArmidaleNSW 2350Australia

It has been demonstrated that the fiber content of oilseed meals and total amino acids(AA)in distillers'grains products affects standardized ileal digestibility(SID)values from swine assays and that total protein concentration affects the AA digestibility in assays using *** analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis that the total AA content of test samples affects the SID assay *** containing total AA profiles and SID values of 20 feedstuffs commonly fed to pigs from 2 sources,AMINODat 5.0(Evonik Industries,2015)and the Nutrient Requirements of Swine,12th edition(NRC,2012)were used to compare AA concentration effects on standardized ileal digestibility *** were compared with AA and SID available in both data *** total AA values were similar for the 2 databases with an R2 of 0.979(PmichaeliseMenten kinetics,SID=f(AA concentration)may simply be a natural *** reasons for the relationship were *** of estimating endogenous AA losses and misapplication statistical procedures may contribute to variation in results and at least partially explain why SID=f(AA concentration).

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Standardized ileal digestibility Swine Least squares means

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Multiple forest structural elements are needed to promote beetle biomass, diversity and abundance

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 585-595页

作者： Nolan j.Rappa michael Staab julian Frey Nathalie Winiger Alexandra-Maria Klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Ecological Networks Technical University DarmstadtSchnittspahnstrasse 364287DarmstadtGermany Forest Growth and Dendroecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be *** we analyze the biomass,diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 1281-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern ***:We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height(a measure of tree size),and decreased with stand structural *** of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements,namely lying deadwood,understory complexity,tree basal area and stand structural *** family diversity increased with the effective number of layers,i.e.1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser *** of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous *** composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds,with the addition of lying *** differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds,which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous ***:Our results show that biomass,diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural *** suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles,with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding *** addition,retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.

关键词： Allometry Biodiversity Coleoptera Forest management Terrestrial laser scanning Window trap

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Rhythms of chloroplast magnesium import contribute to daily metabolic feedback

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Molecular Plant 2022年第11期15卷 1659-1661页

作者： Xiang Li Christopher R.Buckley michael j.Haydon School of BioSciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Organisms have evolved stable yet dynamic circadian systems to coordinate biological rhythms that contribute to *** oscillators generate rhythms via transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of key cellular processes such as metabolism and nutrient transport that fluctuate across the course of the *** addition,intracellular ions and metabolites can act as signaling molecules and protein cofactors that provide feedback to fine-tune biological timekeeping(Haydon et al.,2013).

关键词： magnesium metabolism coordinate

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Spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection scheme

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 49-62页

作者： Zheng Gong michael j.Quin Simon Bohlen Christoph HKeitel Kristjan Põder Matteo Tamburini Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik Saupfercheckweg 169117 HeidelbergGermany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany

Employing colliding-pulse injection has been shown to enable the generation of high-quality electron beams from laser-plasma ***,by using test particle simulations,Hamiltonian analysis,and multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,we lay the theoretical framework for spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection ***,we show that this scheme enables the production of quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in excess of 80%polarization and tens of pC charge with commercial 10-TW-class laser systems.

关键词： polarized scheme enable

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Natural disaster in the mountainous region of Rio de janeiro state,Brazil:Assessment of the daily rainfall erosivity as an early warning index

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 547-556页

作者： Geovane j.Alves Carlos R.Mello Li Guo michael S.Thebaldi Water Resources Department School of EngineeringFederal University of LavrasLavrasMG37200-900CP3037Brazil State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Rainfall erosivity is defined as the potential of rain to cause *** has great potential for application in studies related to natural disasters,in addition to water *** objectives of this study were:ⅰ)to model the Rday using a seasonal model for the Mountainous Region of the State of Rio de janeiro(MRRj);ⅱ)to adjust thresholds of the Rday index based on catastrophic events which occurred in the last two decades;andⅲ)to map the maximum daily rainfall erosivity(Rmaxday)to assess the region's suscepti-bility to rainfall hazards according to the established Rday *** fitted Rday model presented a satisfactory result,thereby enabling its application as a Rday estimate in *** that resulted in Rday>1500 Mj ***-1 were those with the highest number of *** spatial distribution of Rmaxday showed that the entire MRRj has presented values that can cause major *** Rday index proved to be a promising indicator of rainfall disasters,which is more effective than those normally used that are only based on quantity(mm)and/or intensity(mm.h-1)of the rain.

关键词： Daily rainfall erosivity Rainfall hazards Brazilian mountainous regions Rainfall warning system

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Differential temperature responses between Plutella xylostella and its specialist endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum—Implications for biological control

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 855-864页

作者： Leyun Wang Kayvan Etebari Zihua Zhao Gimme H.Walter michael j.Furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina

Understanding the thermal dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions is crucial to predicting how biological control of pest insects by parasitoids might be affected by geographic location and climate *** compared performance traits of Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)and its solitary endo-larval parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae),over a wide range of constant rearing temperatures(10-30℃).Parasitoids reared at 30℃ experienced reductions in pupation rate,pupal mass,egg load,and adult life span when compared with those reared at lower *** analyses of the fate of parasitoids and their hosts and intergenerational population growth at different rearing temperatures show that *** and *** respond differently to temperature,leading to divergent outcomes under different temperature *** parasitoid larvae could not complete development at 30℃,the temperature at which the host biomass was least and the metabolic demands of the parasitoid could be high,suggesting that parasitoid development might be constrained by lack of host resources at higher *** discuss the potential mechanisms of parasitoid susceptibility to elevated temperatures,which likely explain the pronounced seasonal dynamics of *** in subtropical regions and its failure to establish in lowland tropical regions,where *** is a serious *** interactions in other host-parasitoid associations would constrain the efficacy of parasitoids as biological control agents as global temperatures increase.

关键词： biological control climate change Diadegma semiclausum host-parasitoid interaction,Plutella xylostella temperature

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On-chain analytics for sentiment-driven statistical causality in cryptocurrencies

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第2期3卷 39-63页

作者： Ioannis Chalkiadakis Anna Zaremba Gareth W.Peters michael j.Chantler School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt UniversityScotlandEH144ASUK Department of Computer Science University CollegeLondonWC1E 7HUUK janet and Ian Duncan Endowed Chair of Actuarial Science Department of Statistics and Applied ProbabilityUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA

This paper establishes a new framework for assessing multimodal statistical causality between cryptocurrency market(cryptomarket)sentiment and cryptocurrency price *** order to achieve this,we present an efficient algorithm for multimodal statistical causality analysis based on Multiple-Output Gaussian *** from different information sources(modalities)are jointly modelled as a Multiple-Output Gaussian Process,and then using a novel approach to statistical causality based on Gaussian Processes(GPs),we study linear and non-linear causal effects between the different *** demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a machine learning application by studying the relationship between cryptocurrency spot price dynamics and sentiment time-series data specific to the crypto sector,which we conjecture influences retail investor *** investor sentiment is extracted from cryptomarket news data via methods developed in the area of statistical machine learning known as Natural Language Processing(NLP).To capture sentiment,we present a novel framework for text to time-series embedding,which we then use to construct a sentiment index from publicly available news *** conduct a statistical analysis of our sentiment statistical index model and compare it to alternative state-of-the-art sentiment models popular in the NLP *** regard to the multimodal causality,the investor sentiment is our primary modality of exploration,in addition to price and a blockchain technologyrelated indicator(hash rate).Analysis shows that our approach is effective in modelling causal structures of variable degree of complexity between heterogeneous data sources and illustrates the impact that certain modelling choices for the different modalities can have on detecting causality.A solid understanding of these factors is necessary to gauge cryptocurrency adoption by retail investors and provide sentiment-and technologybased insights about the cry

关键词： Cryptocurrencies Statistical causality Blockchain regression Multiple-output Gaussian process Natural language processing Cryptonews sentiment

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Disparities in chiropractic utilization by race,ethnicity and socioeconomic status:A scoping review of the literature

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 159-167页

作者： jordan A.Gliedt Antoinette L.Spector michael j.Schneider joni Williams Staci Young Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI 53201USA Department of Physical Therapy University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15219USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Medicine Division of Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Department of Family and Community Medicine Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

Background Chiropractic is the largest complementary and alternative medicine profession in the United States,with increasing global growth.A preliminary literature review suggests a lack of widespread diversity of chiropractic patient *** There have been no prior studies to comprehensively integrate the literature on chiropractic utilization rates by race,ethnicity,and socioeconomic *** purpose of this scoping review is to identify and describe the current state of knowledge of chiropractic utilization by race,ethnicity,education level,employment status,and income and poverty *** strategy Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed,Ovid MEDLINE,Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL),Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,and Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May *** criteria Articles that reported race or ethnicity,education level,employment status,income or poverty level variables and chiropractic utilization rates for adults(≥18 years of age)were eligible for this *** extraction and analysis Data extracted from articles were citation information,patient characteristics,race and ethnicity,education level,employment status,income and poverty level,and chiropractic utilization rate.A descriptive numerical summary of included studies is *** study provides a qualitative thematic narrative of chiropractic utilization with attention to race and ethnicity,education level,income and poverty level,and employment *** A total of 69 articles were eligible for *** articles were published since 2003 and reported data from study populations in the United *** the race,ethnicity and socioeconomic categories that were most commonly reported,chiropractic utilization was the highest for individuals identifying as European American/White/non-Hispanic White/Caucasian(median 20.00%;interquartile range 2.70%-64.60%),those with employment as a main income sourc

关键词： Chiropractic Utilization Health inequities Health disparities Low-back pain Neck pain

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