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Prognostic model of survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients initiated on afatinib: pooled analysis of clinical trial data

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第2期16卷 341-349页

作者： Ashley M. Hopkins Adel Shahnam Sasha Zhang Chris S. Karapetis Andrew Rowland Michael J. Sorich Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer Department of Clinical Pharmacology College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University Adelaide 5042 Australia The Canberra Hospital Garran 2605 Australia

Obj.ctive: Several predictors of survival have been identified in EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients treated with first generation EGFR inhibitors. Prognostic models of survival outcomes with afatinib have not been evaluated.Methods: A prognostic tool for overall survival(OS)/progression free survival(PFS) based on pre-treatment clinicopathological factors was developed for EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line afatinib using penalised regression of individual-participant data from LUX-Lung 3 and 6(n = 468). Favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were identified and externally validated using LUX-Lung 1(n = 390) and LUX-Lung 2(n = 129) trials that initiated afatinib following previous chemotherapy or EGFR inhibitor treatment.Results: Discriminative performance was good in the development and validation cohorts. For patients treated with first-line afatinib, the median OS for the favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were > 47.7, 29.3 and 16.4 months, respectively, and the median PFS were 17.3, 13.2 and 8.3 months, respectively. The improvement in median OS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was > 12.4 months for the favourable risk group, whereas no OS benefit was apparent for the poor risk group. The improvement in median PFS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was 10.2 months for the favourable risk group and 3.2 months for the poor risk group.Conclusions: A prognostic tool was developed and validated to identify favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups for OS/PFS in EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with afatinib. The prognostic groups can inform the likely absolute OS/PFS benefit expected from afatinib compared to chemotherapy in first-line treatment.

关键词： Afatinib non-small cell lung cancer prognostic model

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Knowing your enemies： Integrating molecular and ecological methods to assess the impact of arthropod predators on crop pests

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 6-19页

作者： michael j. Furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland 4072 Austrafia

The importance of natural enemies as the foundation of integrated pest management （IPM） is widely accepted, but few studies conduct the manipulative field experiments necessary to directly quantify their impact on pest populations in this context. This is particularly true for predators. Studying arthropod predator-prey interactions is inherently difficult： prey items are often completely consumed, individual predator-prey interactions are ephemeral （rendering their detection difficult） and the typically fluid or soft-bodied meals cannot be easily identified visually within predator guts. Serological techniques have long been used in arthropod predator gut-contents analysis, and current enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA） are highly specific and sensitive. Recently, poly- merase chain reaction （PCR） methods for gut-contents analysis have developed rapidly and they now dominate the diagnostic methods used for gut-contents analysis in field-based research. This work has identified trophic linkages within food webs, determined predator diet breadth and preference, demonstrated the importance of cannibalism and intraguild predation within and between certain taxa, and confirmed the benefits （predator persis- tence） and potential disadvantages （reduced feeding on pest species） of the availability of alternative nonpest prey. Despite considerable efforts to calibrate gut-contents assays, these methods remain qualitative. Available techniques for predator gut-contents analysis can provide rapid, accurate, cost-effective identification of predation events. As such, they perfectly compliment the ecological methods developed to directly assess predator im- pacts on prey populations but which are imperfect at identifying the key predators. These diagnostic methods for gut-contents analysis are underexploited in agricultural research and they are almost never applied in unison with the critical field experiments to measure predator impact. This paper stresses the need for a combined approach and suggests a framework t

关键词： conservation biological control enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） gut-contents analysis immunomarking integrated pest management （IPM） polymerase chain reaction （PCR）

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Reevaluating the conceptual framework for applied research on host-plant resistance

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 263-272页

作者： michael j. Stout Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center 404 Life Sciences Building Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Applied research on host-plant resistance to arthropod pests has been guided over the past 60 years by a framework originally developed by Reginald Painter in his 1951 book, Insect Resistance in Crop Plants. Painter divided the ＂phenomena＂ of resistance into three ＂mechanisms,＂ nonpreference （later renamed antixenosis）, antibiosis, and tolerance. The weaknesses of this framework are discussed. In particular, this trichotomous framework does not encompass all known mechanisms of resistance, and the antixenosis and antibiosis categories are ambiguous and inseparable in practice. These features have perhaps led to a simplistic approach to understanding arthropod resistance in crop plants. A dichotomous scheme is proposed as a replacement, with a maj.r division between resistance （plant traits that limit inj.ry to the plant） and tolerance （plant traits that reduce amount of yield loss per unit inj.ry）, and the resistance category subdivided into constitutive/inducible and direct/indirect subcategories. The most important benefits of adopting this dichotomous scheme are to more closely align the basic and applied literatures on plant resistance and to encourage a more mechanistic approach to studying plant resistance in crop plants. A more mechanistic approach will be needed to develop novel approaches for integrating plant resistance into pest management programs.

关键词： antibiosis antixenosis host-plant resistance integrated pest management,plant-insect interactions tolerance

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Prospects of Reciprocating Engines and Fuels

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 395-396页

作者： michael j. Brear Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville 3010 Australia

Reciprocating engines and their fuels are largely associated with road transport. This isn’t surprising. About 70% of transport-sector greenhouse gas emissions today are from road vehicles [1], and these vehicles are overwhelmingly propelled by reciprocating engines. However, reciprocating engines are also widely used in other sectors, particularly off-road land transport, sea transport, and electrical power generation.

关键词： Reciprocating Engines Fuels

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Tyramides in male alates of black imported fire ants Solenopsis richteri

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 169-172页

作者： j.an Chen michael j. Grodowitz National Biological Control Laboratory Southeast Area United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service 59 Lee Road Stoneville Mississippi USA

Two species of imported fire ants, the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invieta Buren, and the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel, were introduced into the United States from South America at the port of Mobile, Alabama in 1918 and 1930s, respectively. Although S. richteri was introduced and established in the United States more than one decade earlier than S. invicta, the latter has gradually displaced S. riehteri throughout most of its distribution.

关键词： SOLENOPSIS richteri FIRE ants ANT behavior ANT ecology ENTOMOLOGY

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具有非线性刚度边界的杆梁结构的动态特性分析

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振动与冲击 2022年第14期41卷 158-163,232页

作者：许文峰唐斌 BRENNAN michael j. MANCONI Elisabetta GONCALVES Paulo j.Paupitz 大连理工大学能源与动力学院辽宁大连116024 圣保罗州立大学工程学院伊利亚索泰拉15385-000 帕尔马大学工程和建筑系帕尔马43100 圣保罗州立大学工程学院巴鲁17033-360

许多工程结构中存在着非线性边界,而非线性边界会对结构振动产生一定的影响。对非线性刚度弹簧固定的杆梁结构进行了动力学特性研究。对于杆结构,分别采用了行波法和分离变量法进行分析,并通过比较得到了两种方法之间的联系。对于梁结构... 详细信息

许多工程结构中存在着非线性边界,而非线性边界会对结构振动产生一定的影响。对非线性刚度弹簧固定的杆梁结构进行了动力学特性研究。对于杆结构,分别采用了行波法和分离变量法进行分析,并通过比较得到了两种方法之间的联系。对于梁结构,分别考虑了入射传递波和入射近场波,应用谐波平衡法得到了无量纲频率、位移、反射系数及相位等参数之间的关系。最后,应用相位闭合原理与分离变量法得到了杆和梁的骨架与频响曲线。为了验证理论计算的准确性与有效性,对杆梁模型进行了有限元数值仿真。结果表明,理论解与仿真解基本吻合。

关键词：非线性边界相位闭合原理谐波平衡法骨架曲线

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Effects and mechanisms of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins for mosquito larvae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 714-729页

作者： Qi Zhang Gang Hua michael j. Adang College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthens GA USA Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA USA

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that produces insecticidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation phases of the mother cell. The vir- ulence factor, known as parasporal crystals, is composed of Cry and Cyt toxins. Most Cry toxins display a common 3-domain topology. Cry toxins exert intoxication through toxin activation, receptor binding and pore formation in a suitable larval gut environment. The mosquitocidal toxins of Bt subsp, israelensis （Bti） were found to be highly active against mosquito larvae and are widely used for vector control. Bt subsp, j.gathesan is another strain which possesses high potency against broad range of mosquito larvae. The present review summarizes characterized receptors for Cry toxins in mosquito larvae, and will also discuss the diversity and effects of 3-D mosquitocidal Cry toxin and the ongo- ing research for Cry toxin mechanisms generated from investigations of lepidopteran and dipteran larvae.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins mode of action mosquito receptors

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How to make the "j.mp" on understanding the importance of the intrinsic foot muscles for propulsion

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 648-650页

作者： michael j.Asmussen Department of Biology Faculty of Science&TechnologyMount Royal UniversityCalgaryAB T3E 6K6Canada

In this issue of the j.urnal of Sport and Health Science,Smith and colleagues1addressed a unique aspect of human locomotion;they evaluated the effects of the intrinsic foot musculature on the mechanical properties and energetic function of the human foot.By performing a controlled j.mping experiment to mimic components of human locomotion.

关键词： intrinsic muscles propulsion

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Effects of single and dual species herbivory on the behavioral responses of three thrips species to cotton seedlings

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 684-698页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis j. Wilson michael j. Furlong School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Locked Bag 59 Narrabri NSW 2390 Australia

This study investigated the olfactory responses of 3 thrips species [Frankliniella schultzei Trybom, E occidentalis Pergrande and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae）] to cotton seedlings [Gossypium hirsutum L. （Malvales： Malvaceae）] simulta- neously damaged by different combinations of herbivores. Cotton seedlings were damaged by foliar feeding Tetranychus urticae Koch （Trombidiforms： Tetranychidae）, Helicoverpa armigera Hibner （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）, Aphis＇ gossypii Glover （Hemiptera： Aphidi- dae） or root feeding Tenebrio molitor L. （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae）. Thrips responses to plants simultaneously damaged by 2 species of herbivore were additive and equivalent to the sum of the responses of thrips to plants damaged by single herbivore species feeding alone. For example, E occidentalis was attracted to T. urticae damaged plants but more attracted to undamaged plants than to plants damaged by H. armigera. Plants simultane- ously damaged by low densities of T. urticae and H. armigera repelled E occidentalis but as T. urticae density increased relative to H. armigera density, E occidentalis attraction to coinfested plants increased proportionally. Thrips tabaci did not discriminate between un- damaged plants and plants damaged by H. armigera but were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae alone or simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and H. armigera. Olfactometer assays showed that simultaneous feeding by 2 herbivores on a plant can affect predator- prey interactions. Attraction of F. occidentalis to plants damaged by its T. urticae prey was reduced when the plant was simultaneously damaged by H. armigera, T. molitor, or A. gossypii and F. schultzei was more attracted to plants simultaneously damaged by T. urticae and H. armigera than to plants damaged by T. urticae alone. We conclude that plant responses to feeding by I species of herbivore are affected by responses to feeding by other herbivores. These plant-mediated interactions between herbivore complexes af- fect the behavioral responses o

关键词： attraction dual-herbivory Frankliniella occidentalis Frankliniella schultzei induced responses predictability simultaneous damage Thrips tabaci

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Effect of the postfeeding interval on olfactory responses of thrips to herbivore-induced cotton plants

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 881-892页

作者： Rehan Silva Gimme H. Walter Lewis j. Wilson michael j. Furlong School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland 4072 Cotton Research Unit CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Narrabri NSW 2390 Austrafia

We investigated the responses of 3 thrips species, Frankliniella schultzei Tryborn, E occidentalis Pergrande, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman （Thysanoptera： Thripidae） to herbivore-damaged and undamaged cotton seedlings （Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales： Malvaceae]） at a range of time intervals following damage by adult Tetranychus urticae （Koch）, adult T. ludeni （Zacher）（Acari： Tetranychidae） or Helicoverpa armigera （Hubner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） larvae in olfactometer assays. The intensity/frequency of the response of thrips to herbivore-induced plants decreased with time and ultimately disappeared in all cases; however, the rate at which the response declined was related to the herbivore species that inflicted the damage. All 3 species of thrips were attracted to plants damaged by T. urticae for longer than they were to plants damaged by T. ludeni. The duration for which damaged plants remained attractive was also affected by the degree of damage inflicted on cotton seedlings. For example, E schultzei was attracted to plants damaged by a higher density of two-spotted spider mites （100/plant） for much longer than to plants damaged by a lower density of these mites （50/plant）. The results reinforce previous studies that demonstrate that arrangement of variables influences the responses of thrips to their herbivore-induced cotton host plants. Results also show that these responses are variable in time following herbivore damage to cotton plants, which further demonstrates how difficult it is to generalize about the functional significance of these interactions.

关键词： attraction cotton duration induced responses olfactometer Thysanoptera

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