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Testicular fine-needle aspiration for the assessmen＇ of intratesticular hormone concentrations

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2016年第1期18卷 21-24页

作者： Ada P Lee Mara Y Roth j.an-j.cques Nya-Ngatchou Kat Lin Thomas j.Walsh Stephanie T Page Alvin M Matsumoto William j.Bremner j.hn K Amory bradley D Anawalt Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USA Department of Medicine and Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Urology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Medicine Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center VA Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA USA.

Measurement of intratesticular sex steroid concentrations in men informs both the development of male hormonal contraceptives and the understanding of male infertility. Given the challenges of using invasive techniques to measure testicular hormone physiology, our group has used a minimally-invasive fine-needle aspiration technique to measure intratesticular hormones in normal healthy men. Herein, we present a post-hoc analysis of the safety and efficacy of testicular fine-needle aspiration （FNA） completed as part of six clinical trials. From 2001 through 2011, a total of 404 procedures were conducted among 163 research volunteers, 85.9% of which were successful in obtaining sufficient fluid for the measurement of intratesticular steroid concentrations. Pain was the most common side effect, with 36.8% of procedures associated with moderate procedural pain and 4.7% with severe procedural pain. Postprocedural pain was uncommon and abated within a few days. Mild local bruising occurred with 14.9% of procedures. Two serious adverse events （0.5%） required surgical intervention. The risk of an adverse event was not associated with age, body mass index, testicular size, or the volume of fluid aspirated. Testicular FNA to obtain fluid for measurement of intratesticular steroid concentrations frequently causes mild to moderate procedural pain, but serious adverse events occur rarely. Testicular FNA has been instrumental for defining human intratesticular hormone physiology and is a minimally-invasive, safe, effective method for obtaining fluid for research on testicular physiology and pathology.

关键词： male contraception physiology reproductive and urinary testis

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Auditing : 3rd ed.

丛书名：汤姆森学习集团精选教材系列

2003年

作者： Larry E. Rittenberg bradley j. Schwieger.

本书把环境中发生的主要变化全部组织在一起, 以现实中各种趋势的发作为第三版的基础, 强调现实世界练习, 讨论了在计算机化环境中如何应用审计程序和如何使用计算机使得审计有效和高效等问题。

ISBN: (纸本)7301059604

关键词： Auditing.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Endoluminal Surgery

Endoluminal Surgery

Understanding Chinese international college and university students' physical activity behavior

第五届中国中西医结合围手术期医学研讨会

作者： bradley j.Needleman FACS Associate Professor of Surgery Director Bariatric Surgery Program Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery The Ohio State University

Endoluminal Surgery·Operating within the lumen -Gastric operations·GERD·Bariatric·Other-pancreatic pseudocysts -Transgastric operations·NOTES

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第2期4卷 203-210页

作者： Zi Yan bradley j.Cardinal Alan C.Acock Department of Health Sciences-N8 Merrimack College College of Public Health and Human Sciences Oregon State University

Obj.ctive： To examine factors of the youth physical activity promotion （YPAP） model that are associated with Chinese international students＇ meeting PA recommendations （MPAR）. Methods： A total of 649 （females = 320, males = 329） Chinese international college students participated in the study. This study was conducted in the United States （US.） between j.ne and August in 2011. Participants completed an online survey regarding their demographic, PA, predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Results： Logistic nested-regression analysis suggested that being male, having a higher body mass index, perceived competence, self-efficacy, attitude, and enj.yment all increased （p 〈 0.001） the participants＇ odds of MPAR. Except language barriers, all of the enabling and reinforcing factors predicted MPAR indirectly through the predisposing factors （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： Understanding factors that influence PA among Chinese international students is an important step in the process of promoting their long-term health and wellbeing. Designing program that address the identified key factors may help colleges and universities achieve this goal.

关键词： Health behavior Health promotion Higher education Youth physical activity promotion model

Two disulfide mutants in domain I of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>Cry3Aa δ-endotoxin increase stability with no effect on toxicity

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012年第2期2卷 123-131页

作者： Sheng-j.un Wu Alvaro M. Florez bradley j. Homoelle Donald H. Dean Oscar Alzate Biochemistry Department Ohio State University Columbus USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill USA Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Santander (UDES) Campus Univer- sitario Bucaramanga Colombia

To increase protein stability and test protein function, three double-cysteine mutations were individually introduced by protein engineering into the cysteine-free Cry3Aa δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. These mutations were designed to create disulfide bonds between α-helices 2 and 5 (positions 110 - 193), and α-helices 5 and 7 (positions 195 - 276 and 198 - 276). Comparison of the CD spectra of the wild-type and the double-cysteine mutant proteins indicates a tighter helical packing consistent with formation of at least two of the disulfide bonds between the central and the outer helices. Thermal stability analysis indi-cates that potential covalent linkages between the central α-helix 5 and the other helices increase resistance to thermal denaturation by 10?C to 14?C com-pared to the thermal stability of the wild-type protein. Spectroscopic analysis of the disulfide-specific absorbance band indicates that the double mutant proteins are more stable to temperature and denaturant (guanidine hydrochloride) than the wild-type protein, as a result of the formation of two of the disulfide bridges. These results indicate that the double muta-tions M110C/F193C and A198C/V276C successfully established disulfide bonds, resulting in a more stable structure of the entire toxin. Despite the increase in stability and structural changes introduced by the disulfide bonds, no effect on toxicity was observed. A possible mechanism involving the insertion of all of domain I of Cry3Aa toxin into the target membrane accounts for these observations.

关键词： Disulfide Bonds CD Spectra Cry3Aa Site Directed Mutagenesis

Three-dimensional mapping and comparative analysis of the distal human corpus cavernosum and the inflatable penile prosthesis

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 567-570,I0012页

作者： Tariq S Hakky Daniel Ferguson Philippe E Spiess Paul bradley Tom FLue Rafael E Carrion Department of Urology University of South Florida Tampa General Circle Tampa FL 33602 USA 23D3Solutions Burnaby BCV5J 5M8 Canada and Department of Urology University of Southern California San Francisco 400 Parnassus Ave San Francisco CA 94143 USA

The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using Smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the traj.ctory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.

关键词： corpus cavernosum penile prosthesis three-dimensional analysis

The Power of Partners: A Qualitative Study of the Dissonance between African-American Females’ Interest in Practicing Secondary Abstinence and Continued Sexual Activity

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Health 2014年第13期6卷 1581-1588页

作者： Erin L. P. bradley Kirk W. Elifson j.ssica M. Sales Ralph j. DiClemente Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta USA

Reducing disparities in STI/HIV rates for young heterosexual African-American women in the US is a public health priority. Although several strategies can reduce risk, some sexually experienced young women are choosing to abstain from sex for various reasons and periods of time following sexual debut, a practice known as secondary abstinence. However, others who desire to practice secondary abstinence find it difficult to do so. This qualitative study explored barriers that explained the dissonance between interest in secondary abstinence and continued sexual activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 sexually-experienced African-American adolescent females, ages 18 - 23, who expressed interest in secondary abstinence. Partner-related barriers that created power imbalances presented the greatest challenges to becoming or remaining abstinent. Findings suggest that teaching young women how to recognize characteristics of healthy and unhealthy relationships, identify power imbalances, communicate assertively and develop positive coping skills can empower young women to build healthier relationships with their partners.

关键词： Sexual Behavior African-American Females Qualitative Methods STI/HIV Prevention Partner Influence

The Use of PCA3 Can Reduce the Number of Prostate Biopsies Performed in a Community-Based Urologic Practice

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Open j.urnal of Urology 2013年第5期3卷 200-205页

作者： bradley M. Boelkins Christopher M. Whelan Richard j. Kahnoski j.nathan Todd Bolthouse Brian R. Lane Michigan State University East Lansing USA

Purpose: It is now generally accepted that PSA screening identifies many prostate cancers that are low-risk and may not need treatment. PCA3 is a prostate cancer-specific marker with improved diagnostic accuracy when compared with PSA in research studies. It remains unknown whether PCA3 testing can reduce the unnecessary diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in routine practice. We evaluated whether the use of PCA3 in clinical practice decreases the number of biopsies being performed in response to PSA testing. Methods: 64 consecutive patients undergoing PCA3 measurement in a single community-based urology practice were analyzed for rates of biopsy performance and prostate cancer detection. Results: Median PSA was 5.0 (range: 0.4 - 38.6) and 50% had undergone prior biopsy without evidence of cancer. Median PCA3 score was 13.6 (range: 1.6 - 133.0) with 14 patients having an elevated PCA3 (>35). Prostate biopsy was avoided in 50 of 64 patients (78%). Of the 11 patients undergoing biopsy for abnormal PCA3, 7 had prostate cancer (64%). At >2-year median follow-up, 39 of the remaining 50 patients (78%) avoided subsequent biopsy. Only 5 prostate cancers were diagnosed during follow-up. Conclusions: When used in routine clinical practice, PCA3 appears to reduce the number of biopsies being performed in response to elevated PSA. Given the increasing interest in strategies to reduce unnecessary prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, this FDA-approved and widely-available molecular test appears to achieve these goals. Further testing will clarify the role of PCA3 in initial and subsequent prostate cancer screening paradigms.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3) Prostate Biopsy

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审计学 G