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Screening and efficacy of radical prostatectomy

Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 441-442页

作者： michael Froehner Department of Urology University Hospital Carl GustavCarus Dresden University of Technology Fetscher-strasse 74 Dresden D-01307 Germany

i n a recently published study, the results of the Prostate Cancer intervention ver-sus Observation Trial （PiVOT） trial were compared with that of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 （SPCG-4）. The authors concluded that the discrepancy of the mortality rates between both studies may be explained by screen- related lead time and over-diagnosis. in this comment, some potential biases are dis- cussed and the limited applicability of the results of both randomized trials to healthy candidates for radical prostatectomy is underlined. The results of the Prostate Cancer inter- vention versus Observation Trial （PWOT）1 raised questions on the efficacy of radical prostatectomy in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Xia and co-workers2 used simulation modeling to determine whether the reduced absolute survival benefit in the PiVOT trial1 compared with Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 43 may be explained by the high prevalence of screen-detected prostate cancers in the PiVOT study. The authors concluded that the discrepancy of the mortality rates between both studies may largdy be explained by screen-rdated lead time and over-diagnosis and should not be considered as an argument against the efficacy of radical prostatectomy even in the presence of screening. The authors emphasized that there is a subset of patients that should not be treated by radical prosta- tectomy which needs to be identified in the future,z There are further features of the PiVOT study making it appropriate to interpret the lack of survival differences in this trial with caution. With more than 30% dying of other causes by 10 years, the competing mortalityrate was three times as high as usually observed in contemporary radical prostatec- tomy series： 10%,4 4%-12%s and 11%.6 The PiVOT study sample obviously contained an over-proportionally large proportion of cases with a high risk of early competing mortality. This observation is particularly remarkable because it was as

关键词： Screening efficacy prostatectomy

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Forest protected area governance in Bangladesh:a focus on the legal and policy framework

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第4期11卷 345-351页

作者： A.Z.M.Manzoor Rashid Donna Craig michael i.Jeffery Niaz Ahmed Khan Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Environmental Law School of LawUniversity of Western Sydney Department of Development Studies University of Dhaka

in the context of renewed interest in collaboration in natural resource management,the collaborative governance approach has lately been introduced to the forest Protected Areas(PAs)in *** adoption of this co-management approach is seen as an attempt to influence the governance process towards a transformation from the conventional custodian system to a more participatory management *** of rights and responsibilities,effective participation,and equitable distribution of benefits amongst the key stakeholders working under a facilitative policy and legal framework are believed to address the broader goals of sustainable development Notwithstanding the resurgence of interest in governance of forest PAs through the co-management approach,academic research on the subject remains *** article attempts to review selected key information and milestones on the forest PAs governance with special reference to the major policies and legal *** a brief introductory section,this article focuses on the genesis and selected major features of the Forest PAs in the *** discussion then dwells on the policy and legal framework and provides a critique on its relevance for promoting community *** existing institutional arrangements for community engagement in protected area governance are also analyzed in light of the national and international commitment and policy obligations on the part of the *** salient observations and key findings of the study include the following:(1)despite its limitations,comanagement as concept and practice has gradually taken roots in Bangladesh;(2)the degree and level of active community participation remain low and limited,and there is also clear weakness in conscientizing and orientating the local community on the key legal and policy issues related to PA governance in the country;and(3)policy makers,practitioners,and other local stakeholders related to PA governance need to be orien

关键词： governance protected areas participation community decision-making organizations

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Sediment transport in headwaters of a volcanic catchment Kamchatka Peninsula case study

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 565-578页

作者： Sergey R. CHALOV Anatolii S. TSYPLENKOV Jan PiETRON Aleksandra S. CHALOVA Danila i. SHKOLNYi Jerker JARSJO michael MAERKER Faculty of Geography M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119911 Russia Department of Physical Geography and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Stockholm 10691 Sweden Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Pavia University Pavia 27100 Italy

Due to specific environmental conditions, headwater catchments located on volcanic slopes and valleys are characterized by distinctive hydrology and sediment transport patterns. However, lack of sufficient monitoring causes that the governing processes and patterns in these areas are rarely well understood. in this study, spatiotemporal water discharge and sediment transport from upstream sources was investigated in one of the numerous headwater catchments located in the lahar valleys of the Kamchatka Peninsula Sukhaya Elizovskaya River near Avachinskii and Koryakskii volcanoes. Three different subcatchments and corresponding channel types （wandering rivers within lahar valleys, mountain rivers within volcanic slopes and rivers within submountain terrains） were identified in the studied area. Our measure- ments from different periods of observations between years 2012-2014 showed that the studied catchment was characterized by extreme diurnal fluctuation of water discharges and sediment loads that were influenced by snowmelt patterns and high infiltration rates of the easily erodible lahar deposits. The highest recorded sediment loads were up to 9-104 mg/L which was related to an increase of two orders of magnitude within a one day of observations. Additionally, to get a quantitative estimate of the spatial distribution of the eroded material in the volcanic substrates we applied an empirical soil erosion and sediment yield model - modified universal soil loss equation （MUSLE）. The modeling results showed that even if the applications of the universal erosion model to different non-agricultural areas （e.g., volcanic catchments） can lead to irrelevant results, the MUSLE model delivered might be acceptable for non-lahar areas of the studied volcanic catchment. Overall the results of our studyincrease our understanding of the hydrology and asso- ciated sediment transport for prediction of risk manage- ment within headwater volcanic catchments.

关键词： sediment transport volcanoes lahars Kam-chatka Peninsula MUSLE erosion

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Carvedilol vs endoscopic variceal ligation for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding: Systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第5期11卷 464-476页

作者： michael Dwinata David Dwi Putera Muhamad Fajri Adda’i Putra Nur Hidayat irsan Hasan Department of internal Medicine Depati Hamzah General HospitalPangkalpinang 33684Indonesia School of Medicine and Public Health University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Faculty of Medicine Public Healthand NursingUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Hepatobiliary Division Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine Universitas IndonesiaCipto Mangunkusumo National General HospitalJakarta 10430Indonesia

BACKGROUND Variceal hemorrhage is associated with high mortality and is the cause of death for 20–30%of patients with ***βblockers(NSBBs)or endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)are recommended for primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium to large esophageal ***,combination of EVL and NSBBs is the recommended approach for the secondary *** has greater efficacy than other NSBBs as it decreases intrahepatic *** hypothesized that there was no difference between carvedilol and EVL intervention for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis *** To evaluate the efficacy of carvedilol compared to EVL for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients METHODS We searched relevant literatures in major journal databases(CENTRAL,MEDLiNE,and EMBASE)from March to August *** with cirrhosis and portal hypertension,regardless of aetiology and severity,with or without a history of variceal bleeding,and aged≥18 years old were included in this *** randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared the efficacy of carvedilol and that of EVL for primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension were considered,irrespective of publication status,year of publication,and *** Seven RCTs were *** four trials assessing the primary prevention,no significant difference was found on the events of variceal bleeding(RR:0.74,95%Ci:0.37-1.49),all-cause mortality(RR:1.10,95%Ci:0.76-1.58),and bleedingrelated mortality(RR:1.02,95%Ci:0.34-3.10)in patients who were treated with carvedilol compared to *** three trials assessing secondary prevention,there was no difference between two interventions for the incidence of rebleeding(RR:1.10,95%Ci:0.75-1.61).The fixed-effect model showed that,compared to EVL,carvedilol decreased all-cause mortality by 49%(RR:0.51,95

关键词： Carvedilol Liver cirrhosis Variceal hemorrhage Portal hypertension Prophylaxis

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Call it sleep-what animals without backbones can tell us about the phylogeny of intrinsically generated neuromotor rhythms during early development

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第3期29卷 373-380页

作者： michael A. Corner Netherlands institute for Brain Research Amsterdam The Netherlands Université de Basse Normandie Caen France Harmoniehof 16/i 1071TC Amsterdam The Netherlands

A comprehensive overview is presented of the literature dealing with the development of sleep-like motility and neuronal activity patterns in non-vertebrate animals. it has been established that spontaneous, periodically modulated, neurogenic bursts of movement appear to be a universal feature of prenatal behavior. New empirical data are presented showing that such ＇seismic sleep＇ or ＇rapid-body-movement＇ bursts in cuttlefish persist for some time after birth. Extensive ontogenetic research in both vertebrates and non-vertebrates is thus essential before current hypotheses about the phylogeny of motorically active sleep-like states can be taken seriously.

关键词： sleep phylogeny behavior development spontaneous motility neuronal networks cuttlefish

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On Multi-Level Thinking and Scientific Understanding

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第10期34卷 1150-1158页

作者： michael Edgeworth MciNTYRE Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0WAUnited Kingdom.

Professor Duzheng YE＇s name has been familiar to me ever since my postdoctoral years at MiT with Professors Jule CHARNEY and Norman PHiLLiPS, back in the late 1960 s. i had the enormous pleasure of meeting Professor YE personally in 1992 in Beijing. His concern to promote the very best science and to use it well, and his thinking on multi-level orderly human activities, reminds me not only of the communication skills we need as scientists but also of the multi-level nature of science itself. Here i want to say something（a） about what science is;（b） about why multi-level thinking—and taking more than one viewpoint—is so important for scientific as well as for other forms of understanding; and（c） about what is meant, at a deep level, by ＂scientific understanding＂ and trying to communicate it, not only with lay persons but also across professional disciplines. i hope that Professor YE would approve.

关键词： communication skills cross-disciplinary communication scientific understanding unconscious assumptions multiple viewpoints brain hemispheres biological evolution

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深海环境海洋生态系统监测与修复新技术

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi Laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó Emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis Elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro instituto de Ciencias del Mar(iCM-CSiC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands institute for Sea Research(NiOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNiVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTi-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain Lincoln institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK Engitec Systems international Limited Limassol 3083Cyprus Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria(CREA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： Ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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The relationship between anogenital distance and the androgen receptor CAG repeat length

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第2期15卷 286-289,I0010页

作者： michael L Eisenberg Tung-Chin Hsieh Alexander W Pastuszak Matthew G Mcintyre Rustin C Waiters Dolores J Lamb Larry i Lipshultz Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Urology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX 77030 USA

Anogenital distance （AGD） is used to define degree of virilization of genital development, with shorter length being associated with feminization and male infertility. The first exon of the androgen receptor （AR） consists of a polymorphic sequence of cytosine-adenineguanine （CAG） repeats, with longer CAG repeat lengths being associated with decreased receptor function. We sought to determine if there is an association between AGD and AR CAG repeat length. A cross-sectional, prospective cohort of men evaluated at a urology clinic at a single institution was recruited. AGD （the distance from the posterior scrotum to the anal verge） and penile length （PL） were measured. Sanger DNA sequence analysis was used to define CAG repeat length. AGD and CAG repeat lengths in 195 men were determined. On unadjusted analysis, there was no linear relationship between CAG repeat length and PL （P=0.17） or AGD （P=-0.31）. However, on sub-population analyses, those men with longer CAG repeat lengths （〉26） had significantly shorter AGDs compared to men with shorter CAG repeat lengths. For example, the mean AGD was 41.9 vs. 32.4 mm with a CAG repeat length ≤26 vs. 〉26 （P=0.01）. in addition, when stratifying the cohort based on AGD, those with AGD less than the median （i.e. 40 mm） had a longer CAG repeat length compared to men with an AGD 〉40 mm （P=-0.02）. in summary, no linear relationship was found between AGD and AR CAG repeat length overall.

关键词： androgen receptor (AR) anogenital distance (AGD) genitalia penile length (PL) perineum

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Drinking a Structured Water Product on Markers of Hydration,Airway Health and Heart Rate Variability in Thoroughbred Racehorses:a Small-scale,Clinical Field Trial

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Veterinary Science Research 2020年第2期2卷 1-15页

作者： michael ivan lindinger Foster Northrop The Nutraceutical Alliance BurlingtonONCanada Northrop Equine LouisvilleKYUSA

Racehorses in training are in situations of repeated stress that may have effects on hydration and *** was hypothesized that daily consumption of a structured water(SW)product for 4 weeks will result in improved hydration,improved upper airway health and increased heart rate *** groups of Thoroughbred racehorses matched for physiological,training and racing attributes were studied for 4 *** group(n=17)received 10 L(about 15%)of their daily water as SW(followed by ad libitum filtered deep well water)and the control group(n=15)only filtered deep well *** samples and bioelectrical impedance analysis(BiA)measures were obtained at baseline,2 and 4 *** was assessed using *** upper airway was assessed by nasopharyngeal endoscopy at baseline and weekly within 60 minutes of *** weekly breeze days heart rate was recorded at rest,during exercise and recovery and data were analysed for heart rate *** to controls,horses drinking SW showed increased hydration improved upper airway health post-breezing and increased heart rate *** is concluded that drinking 10 L daily of SW increased hydration and may have conferred some wellness benefits.

关键词： Heart rate variability Bioelectrical impedance analysis Upper airway Reactance Phase angle Resistance BiA

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Enigmatic Glass-Like Carbon from the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: A Natural Carbonization Process

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2179-2200页

作者： Tatyana G. SHUMiLOVA Sergey i. iSAENKO Vasily V. ULYASHEV Boris A. MAKEEV michael A. RAPPENGLüCK Aleksey A. VELiGZHANiN Kord ERNSTSON institute of Geology of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya st.54Syktyvkar167982Russia Hawaii institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East-West RoadHonoluluHI96822USA institute for interdisciplinary Studies GilchingGermany National Research Center 《Kurchatov institute》 Akademika Kurchatova pl.1Moscow123182Russia Faculty of Philosophy i University of WürzburgGermany

Unusual carbonaceous matter, termed here chiemite, composed of more than 90% C from the Alpine Foreland at Lake Chiemsee in Bavaria, southeastern Germany has been investigated using optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis, as well as by δ13 C and 14 C radiocarbon isotopic data analysis. in the pumice-like fragments, poorly ordered carbon matter co-exists with high-ordering monocrystalline α-carbyne, and contains submicrometersized inclusions of complex composition. Diamond and carbyne add to the peculiar mix of matter. The required very high temperatures and pressures for carbyne formation point to a shock event probably from the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact. The carbon material is suggested to have largely formed from heavily shocked coal, vegetation like wood, and peat from the impact target area. The carbonization/coalification high PT process may be attributed to a strong shock that instantaneously caused the complete evaporation and loss of volatile matter and water, which nevertheless preserved the original cellular structure seen fossilized in many fragments. Relatively fresh wood encapsulated in the purported strongly shocked matter point to quenched carbon melt components possibly important for the discussion of survival of organic matter in meteorite impacts, implying an astrobiological relationship.

关键词： astrobiology diamond carbyne coalification carbonization meteorite impact chiemite

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