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integrating Sustainable Development into Global institutions:Reforming the United Nations

Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2009年第4期7卷 3-14页

作者： Donna Craig michael i.jeffery QC School of Law University of Western SydneyAustralia Social and Environment Responsibility Research Group School of LawUniversity of Western SydneyAustralia

This article will briefly outline the origins,structure and functions of United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development in the context of the goals of ecologically sustainable development(ESD).Economic development,social development and environmental protection form the three interconnected parts of *** achievements of the key UN environmental institutions and programs in opening up the global system to civil society,the private sector and a diversity of actors and interests,promoting the role of poverty alleviation as part of ESD through the Millennium Development Goals,and facilitating important Multilateral Environmental Agreements should be ***,with these notable exceptions,organizations such as United Nations Environment Program and the Commission on Sustainable Development have become weak in scientific and technical leadership,global policy,co-ordination(inside and outside the UN) and has few achievements in the international and national implementation of obligations and standards in Global Environmental Governance-including enforcement,compliance and *** article will outline the key reasons for this *** will also be focused on the way forward through of a new United Nations Environment *** will require a clarification of purpose and function(within the UN system and as part of global governance structures) as well as consideration of whether it depends on system-wide UN *** is recommended that medium and long term strategies for reform are necessary.

关键词： ecologically sustainable development united nations environment organization UNEP global environmental governance commission on sustainable development

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Forest protected area governance in Bangladesh:a focus on the legal and policy framework

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第4期11卷 345-351页

作者： A.Z.M.Manzoor Rashid Donna Craig michael i.jeffery Niaz Ahmed Khan Department of Forestry and Environmental Science Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Environmental Law School of LawUniversity of Western Sydney Department of Development Studies University of Dhaka

in the context of renewed interest in collaboration in natural resource management,the collaborative governance approach has lately been introduced to the forest Protected Areas(PAs)in *** adoption of this co-management approach is seen as an attempt to influence the governance process towards a transformation from the conventional custodian system to a more participatory management *** of rights and responsibilities,effective participation,and equitable distribution of benefits amongst the key stakeholders working under a facilitative policy and legal framework are believed to address the broader goals of sustainable development Notwithstanding the resurgence of interest in governance of forest PAs through the co-management approach,academic research on the subject remains *** article attempts to review selected key information and milestones on the forest PAs governance with special reference to the major policies and legal *** a brief introductory section,this article focuses on the genesis and selected major features of the Forest PAs in the *** discussion then dwells on the policy and legal framework and provides a critique on its relevance for promoting community *** existing institutional arrangements for community engagement in protected area governance are also analyzed in light of the national and international commitment and policy obligations on the part of the *** salient observations and key findings of the study include the following:(1)despite its limitations,comanagement as concept and practice has gradually taken roots in Bangladesh;(2)the degree and level of active community participation remain low and limited,and there is also clear weakness in conscientizing and orientating the local community on the key legal and policy issues related to PA governance in the country;and(3)policy makers,practitioners,and other local stakeholders related to PA governance need to be orien

关键词： governance protected areas participation community decision-making organizations

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A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

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Endocrine impact of Helicobacter pylori:Focus on ghrelin and ghrelin o-acyltransferase

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第10期17卷 1249-1260页

作者： Penny L jeffery michael A McGuckin Sara K Linden Mucosal Diseases Program Mater Medical Research InstituteMater Health Services Mucosal immunobiology and Vaccine Center Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg

Ghrelin is predominantly produced by the gastric enteroendocrine cell compartment and is octanoylated by the recently discovered ghrelin o-acyltransferase （GOAT） before secretion into the bloodstream. This octanoylation is essential for many of the biological properties of ghrelin including appetite stimulation and anti-inflammatory properties as only the acylated form of ghrelin binds to the ghrelin receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor （GHS-R）. Given the gastric location of ghrelin production, it is perhaps not surprising that insult to the gastric mucosa affects circulating ghrelin levels in humans. Helicobacter pylori （H. pylon） infects more than fifty percent of the world＇s population and once established within the gastric mucosa, can persist for life. infection is associated with chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy and ulceration, reduced appetite and a lower body mass index （BMi）. The large majority of studies investigating levels of circulating ghrelin and ghrelin expression in the stomach in patients with H. pylori infection indicate that the bacterium has a negative impact on ghrelin production and/or secretion. Eradication of infection restores ghrelin, improves appetite and increases BMi in some studies, however, a causative relationship between H. pylori-associated serum ghrelin decline and food intake and obesity has not been established. Most studies measure total ghrelin in the circulation although the measurement of the ratio of acyl/total ghrelin gives a clearer indication that the ghrelin acylation process is altered during infection and atrophy. GOAT is essential for the production of biologically-active, acyl ghrelin and the impact of H. pylori on GOAT expression and activity will be highly informative in the future.

关键词： Appetite Ghrelin Ghrelin o-acyltransferase Helicobacterpylori infection inflammation Obesity

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ADDiTiVE-iNDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF OPTiCAL CLARiTY OF POLYACRYLAMiDE HYDROGEL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第5期21卷 533-539页

作者： jeffery Franklin Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario Canada KIS 5B6

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide afforded hydrogelsdisplaying high levels of light scattering (poor optical clarity). Enhancement of the optical clarity within a polyacrylamide(PAm) hydrogel was accomplished through the implementation of 'refractive index matching'. Water-soluble additives wereutilised to better match the refractive index inhomogeneities throughout a given hydrogel. This resulted in lower lightscattering within the system and hence improved clarity. Amino acids, sugars, polymers, and other water-soluble additivessuch as glycerol were investigated by this methodology. Most additives investigaed displayed potential for effectivelyreducing the light scattering within a PAm hydrogel as a function of increased additive concentration. On increasing therefractive index of the water medium, the overall refractive index of a PAm hydrogel was also observed to increase. Thisprovided a quantitative means of determining the effectiveness of a given additive for improving the optical clarity within ahydrogel.

关键词： Optical clarity Polyacrylamide hydrogel Refractive index matching Bacteriorhodopsin Optical memory device

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Looking ahead to significant improvements in mining safety and health through innovative research and effective diffusion into the industry

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international Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第3期25卷 325-332页

作者： jeffery L.Kohler The Pennsylvania State University

Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. if we examine the underlying enablers for the significant gains that have been achieved, the key role that research to help understand the causes of problems and to develop lasting solutions is clear. Many of the remaining challenges have been resistant to solutions by various approaches. Some, such as fatalities and injuries from ground control or powered haulage are prominent year after year. Different approaches are indicated and new solutions will be required if we are to achieve a goal of zero harm. These will originate with research, but into which topics, and what are some of these different approaches? This paper examines the current state of mine safety in the United States and highlights areas of significant opportunity for research that will lead to solutions. The likely direction of research that will enable realization of the ‘‘zero harm'' goal is described in terms of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches. Both are important, but the author's view is that some of the largest gains will be made with trans-disciplinary approaches that break from the past. Topical areas of research are suggested and several research questions are given to illustrate the direction of future research in mining safety and health.

关键词： Mining safety Mining health Mining research Health and safety management systems

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Peripheral nerve axons contain machinery for co-translational secretion of axonally-generated proteins

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第4期29卷 493-500页

作者： Tanuja Merianda jeffery Twiss Department of Biology Drexel University Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina

The axonal compartment of developing neurons and mature peripheral nervous system （PNS） neurons has the capacity to locally synthesize proteins. Axonally-synthesized proteins have been shown to facilitate axonal pathfinding and maintenance in developing central nervous system （CNS） and PNS neurons, and to facilitate the regeneration of mature PNS neurons. RNA-profiling studies of the axons of cultured neurons have shown a surprisingly complex population of mRNAs that encode proteins for a myriad of functions. Although classic-appearing rough endoplasmic reticulum （RER）, smooth endoplasmic reticulum （ER） and Golgi apparatus have not been documented in axons by ultrastructural studies, axonal RNA profiling studies show several membrane and secreted protein-encoding mRNAs whose translation products would need access to a localized secretory mechanism. We previously showed that the axons of cultured neurons contain functional equivalents of RER and Golgi apparatus. Here, we show that markers for the signal-recognition particle, RER, ER, and Golgi apparatus are present in PNS axons in vivo. Co-localization of these proteins mirrors that seen for cultured axons where locally-translated proteins are localized to the axoplasmic membrane. Moreover, nerve injury increases the levels and/or aggregation of these proteins, suggesting that the regenerating axon has an increased capacity for membrane targeting of locally synthesized proteins.

关键词： rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgiapparatus membrane protein axonal proteinsynthesis mRNA transport

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A study of process-induced grain structures during steady state and non-steady state electron-beam welding of a titanium alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 117-127页

作者： Yu Lu Richard Turner jeffery Brooks Hector Basoalto School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldMappin StreetSheffieldS13JDUnited Kingdom

A detailed microstructural characterisation of the emerging weld-line grain structure,for bead-upon-plate welds in Ti-6Al-4V(Ti64)of differing plate thickness,was *** microstructure studied was formed during both steady state and non-steady state sections within the weld path,with the non-steady state portion being taken from the end of the plate as the weld bead and heat source overhang the edge of the *** allows for the effects of welding process conditions on the microstructural evolution to be *** weld pool geometry and 3D tomography of the weld-induced defects have been *** characterisation of microstructure and texture for different welding parameters and for steady and non-steady states have been used to identify physical parameters for the microstructure predictions that are difficult to obtain *** different states significantly affect the weld crown shape and formation,weld toe,weld bead depth and ***,the heat affected zone(HAZ)re-mains *** the microstructural evolution,both the steady and non-steady states have similar microstructure and *** defects were observed in the steady state section of welds,but sub-surface spherical pores have been observed in the non-steady state section of a *** element modelling to simulate the thermal-metallurgical-mechanical fields within the steady and non-steady state sections of the welds was considered,and the cooling rates predicted within steady state and non-steady sections were interrogated to improve the theoretical understanding of the microstructure and defect formation differences in these Ti64 EB weld regions.

关键词： Electron-beam fusion welding Processing Microstructure Ti-6Al-4V

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Discretization Approach in integrated Hydrologic Model for Surface and Groundwater interaction

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Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第6期22卷 659-672页

作者： ZHANG Jing Mark A ROSS jeffery GEURiNK The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GiS of Beijing Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Ave ENB 118 Tampa FL 33620 USA Tampa Bay Water 2575 Enterprise Road Clearwater FL 33763 USA

The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular irregular Networks(TiNs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).in this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the integrated Hydrologic Model(iHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the *** approach used in the iHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic *** landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land *** discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational *** iHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass *** discretization approaches employed in iHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.

关键词： discretization distributed hydrological model integrated Hydrologic Model(iHM) interaction

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Species distribution modeling in regions of high need and limited data： waterfowl of China

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Avian Research 2018年第1期9卷 49-62页

作者： Diann J.Prosser Changqing Ding R.michael Erwin Taej Mundkur jeffery D.Sullivan Erle C.Ellis Patuxent Wildlife Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Beltsville MD 20705 USA University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA College of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Wetlands international Horapark9 Ede 6717 LZ The Netherlands Natural Systems Analysts Winter Park FL 32789 USA Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA

Background: A number of conservation and societal issues require understanding how species are distributed on the landscape, yet ecologists are often faced with a lack of data to develop models at the resolution and extent desired, resulting in inefficient use of conservation *** a situation presented itself in our attempt to develop waterfowl distribution models as part of a multi-disciplinary team targeting the control of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in ***: Faced with limited data, we built species distribution models using a habitat suitability approach for China's breeding and non-breeding(hereafter, wintering) *** extensive review of the literature was used to determine model parameters for habitat *** relationships were implemented in GiS using land cover *** models were validated using waterfowl census data, while breeding models, though developed for many species, were only validated for the one species with sufficient telemetry data ***: We developed suitability models for 42 waterfowl species(30 breeding and 39 wintering) at 1 km resolution for the extent of China, along with cumulative and genus level species richness *** season models showed highest waterfowl suitability in wetlands of the high-elevation west-central plateau and northeastern *** waterfowl suitability was highest in the lowland regions of southeastern *** measures indicated strong performance in predicting species *** our model outputs to China's protected areas indicated that breeding habitat was generally better covered than wintering habitat, and identified locations for which additional research and protection should be ***: These suitability models are the first available for many of China's waterfowl species, and have direct utility to conservation and habitat planning and prioritizing management of critically important

关键词： Anatidae Avian influenza China Habitat suitability H5N1 Spatial analysis Species distribution models Waterfowl

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