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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 9-12页

作者： Chris hewitt Nicola GOLDING Met Office FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB UK

1. IntroductionThe impacts arising from climate change and climate variability pose major challenges to global and regional security and economic prosperity（UNFCCC,2015）.Some regions are more at risk than others, through heightened exposure to climatic hazards, and high vulnerability and exposure to such hazards. China, with its rapid economic development, large and growing population, and frequent occurrence of disasters associated with heavy rainfall, flooding, tropical cyclones,

关键词： In Development and Pull-through of Climate Science to Services in China

Assessing Sustainability of Land Management Using a Risk Identification Model

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 41-48页

作者： P.R.STEPHENS A.E.hewitt 等 LandcareResearch PrivateBag11052PalmerstonNorth（NewZealand） LandcareResearch.P.O.Box69 Lincoln（NewZealand）

New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be ***, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land *** soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising

关键词： land-use planning soil quality resilience resistance sustainableagriculture

Molecular aspects of eye development and regeneration in the Australian redclaw crayfish,Cherax quadricarinatus

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2019年第1期4卷 27-36页

作者： Tomer Ventura michael J.Stewart Jennifer C.Chandler Bronwyn Rotgans Abigail Elizur Alex W.hewitt GeneCology Research Centre Faculty of ScienceHealthEducation and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastQueensland 4556Australia Lions Eye Institute University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern Australia 6330Australia School of Medicine Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmania 7005Australia

The compound eye evolved over 500 million years ago and enables mosaic vision in most arthropod *** molecular regulation of the development of the compound eye has been primarily studied in the fruit fly Drosophila ***,due to the nature of holometabolous insects halting growth after their terminal metamorphosis into the adult form,they lack the capacity to ***,unlike holometabolous insects,continue to grow during adulthood,achieved through regular shedding of their exoskeleton,in a cyclic process known as *** therefore offers crustaceans as a highly suitable model to study ocular regeneration in the adult arthropod *** have assessed the regenerative capacity of the retinal section of the Cherax quadricarinatus(red-claw crayfish)eye,following ablation and successive post-metamorphic *** work then provides a transcriptomic description of the outer,pigmented retinal tissue(the ommatidia and lamina ganglionaris)and the basal,non-pigmented neuroendocrine ocular tissue(the X-organ Sinus Gland complex,hemiellipsoid body and optic nerve).Using comparative analysis,we identified all the transcripts in the *** ocular transcriptome that are known to function in compound eye development in *** and uniquely transcribed genes of the retina are described,suggesting proposed mechanisms that may regulate ocular regeneration in decapod *** research exemplifies the application *** holds as an optimal model to study the regulation of ocular *** in-depth transcriptomic analyses are now required,sampled throughout the regeneration process to better define the regulatory mechanism.

关键词： Ocular development Regeneration Compound eye Crustacean Cherax quadricarinatus Transcriptome

Conceptual physical science / Paul G. hewitt, John Suchocki, Leslie A. hewitt. 2nd ed.

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In Memoriam: Matthias Kuhle

1999年

作者： Paul G. hewitt John Suchocki Leslie A. hewitt.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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山地科学学报（英文） 2015年第5期12卷 1065-1067页

作者： Lasafam ITURRIZAGA Hermann KREUTZMANN Kenneth hewitt LIU Shiyin Monique FORT Section of Geography and High Mountain Geomorphology Institute of Geography University of Goettingen Centre for Development Studies Geographic Sciences Freie Universitaet Berlin Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geography CNRS PRODIG University Paris Diderot SPC

Matthias Kuhle,an internationally renowned physical geographer and highly respected geomorphologist,died tragically on the 25th of April,*** was in the Manaslu Himalaya,close to the epicentre of April 2015 Nepal earth... 详细信息

关键词：埃及地理学家喜马拉雅科学家尼泊尔十五地震

Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： Nicole J.Scott-hewitt Christopher J.Folts Mark D.Noble Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （KD）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

Hospital resource intensity and cirrhosis mortality in United States

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第10期23卷 1857-1865页

作者： Amit K Mathur Apurba K Chakrabarti Jessica L Mellinger michael L Volk Ryan Day Andrew L Singer Winston R hewitt Kunam S Reddy Adyr A Moss Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryMayo Clinic Arizona Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine University of Michigan Department of Medicine Loma Linda University

To determine whether hospital characteristics predict cirrhosis mortality and how much variation in mortality is attributable to hospital *** used data from the 2005-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the American Hospital Association Annual survey to identify hospitalizations for decompensated cirrhosis and corresponding facility characteristics. We created hospital-specific risk and reliability-adjusted odds ratios for cirrhosis mortality, and evaluated patient and facility differences based on hospital performance quintiles. We used hierarchical regression models to determine the effect of these factors on ***-two thousand seven hundred and thirty-three cirrhosis admissions were evaluated in 805 hospitals. Hospital mean cirrhosis annual case volume was 90.4 (range 25-828). Overall hospital cirrhosis mortality rate was 8.00%. Hospital-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for mortality ranged from 0.48 to 1.89. Patient characteristics varied significantly by hospital aOR for mortality. Length of stay averaged 6.0 ± 1.6 days, and varied significantly by hospital performance (P < 0.001). Facility level predictors of risk-adjusted mortality were higher Medicaid case-mix (OR = 1.00, P = 0.029) and LPN staffing (OR = 1.02, P = 0.015). Higher cirrhosis volume (OR = 0.99, P = 0.025) and liver transplant program status (OR = 0.83, P = 0.026) were significantly associated with survival. After adjusting for patient differences, era, and clustering effects, 15.3% of variation between hospitals was attributable to differences in facility *** characteristics account for a significant proportion of variation in cirrhosis mortality. These findings have several implications for patients, providers, and health care delivery in liver disease care and inpatient health care design.

关键词： Cirrhosis Mortality Hospital variation Resource utilization Quality Outcomes

A diagnosis with a twist:Ultrasonographic sensitivity and predictors of pediatric ovarian torsion within a large pediatric hospital

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 229-231页

作者： Mark K.hewitt Jesse E.Marshall-Sheppard April J.Kam Department of Medicine Division of Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada Department of Family Medicine University of TorontoToronto M5S1A1Canada Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton 8S 4L8Canada

The diagnosis of ovarian torsion(OT)in girls is challenging compared to that of testicular torsion in boys for many reasons,but it behooves the medical community to continue to strive to better identify this uncommon but clinically important pathology^([1]) OT occurs when the ovary and associated structures rotate around its vascular pedicle,leading to eventually irreversible necrosis.^([2,3])Studies attempting to identify clinical features for early diagnosis have not reached a consensus on the best clinical predictors of this condition,making radiographic imaging of the ovaries even more crucial.^([4,5])

关键词： diagnosis pediatric torsion

The reality of the dead in Brazil:perspectives on identification in forensic anthropology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 577-579页

作者： Eugénia Cunha Bridget Algee-hewitt Melina Calmon National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences CoimbraPortugal Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal CCSRE Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity(CCSRE)Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Grupo de Pesquisa em Antropologia Forense e Identificação de Pessoas-ANP/CNPq Lago SulBrazil

What is the current state of Forensic Anthropology in Brazil and where do we stand when identification is concerned?Coming to terms with the reality of identifying the dead in Brazil is the challenge we proposed to several Brazilian forensic anthropology experts and it is the focus of this special *** asked the contributor to drill-down to the fundamental questions in order to define the baseline upon which we can build our understanding and establish the future pathways for the *** are the most typical cases?Is there a more frequent case type?Does the way the issues are being solved reflect advancements in the discipline in the country?Are standards procedures being followed?What are the main obstacles faced by the experts in this field?

关键词： dead Brazil concerned