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An integrated measurement and modeling methodology for estuarine water quality management

Water Science and Engineering 2015年第1期8卷 9-19页

作者： michael hartnett Stephen Nash Department of Civil Engineering National University of Ireland

This paper describes research undertaken by the authors to develop an integrated measurement and modeling methodology for water quality management of estuaries. The approach developed utilizes modeling and measurement results in a synergistic manner. Modeling results were initially used to inform the field campaign of appropriate sampling locations and times, and field data were used to develop accurate models. Remote sensing techniques were used to capture data for both model development and model validation. Field surveys were undertaken to provide model initial conditions through data assimilation and determine nutrient fluxes into the model domain. From field data, salinity re- lationships were developed with various water quality parameters, and relationships between chlorophyll a concentrations, transparency, and light attenuation were also developed. These relationships proved to be invaluable in model development, particularly in modeling the growth and decay of chlorophyll a. Cork Harbour, an estuary that regularly experiences summer algal blooms due to anthropogenic sources of nutrients, was used as a case study to develop the methodology. The integration of remote sensing, conventional fieldwork, and modeling is one of the novel aspects of this research and the approach developed has widespread applicability.

关键词： Estuarine modeling Hydrodynamics Water quality management Nutrients Phytoplankton Field measurements Remote sensing

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High-resolution flood modeling of urban areas using MSN_Flood

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 175-183页

作者： michael hartnett Stephen Nash Department of Civil Engineering National University of IrelandGalwayIreland

Although existing hydraulic models have been used to simulate and predict urban flooding, most of these models are inadequate due to the high spatial resolution required to simulate flows in urban floodplains. Nesting high-resolution subdomains within coarser-resolution models is an efficient solution for enabling simultaneous calculation of flooding due to tides, surges, and high river flows. MSN_Flood has been developed to incorporate moving boundaries around nested domains, permitting alternate flooding and drying along the boundary and in the interior of the domain. Ghost cells adjacent to open boundary cells convert open boundaries, in effect, into internal boundaries. The moving boundary may be multi-segmented and non-continuous, with recirculating flow across the boundary. When combined with a bespoke adaptive interpolation scheme, this approach facilitates a dynamic internal boundary. Based on an alternating-direction semi-implicit finite difference scheme,MSN_Flood was used to hindcast a major flood event in Cork City resulting from the combined pressures of fluvial, tidal, and storm surge processes. The results show that the model is computationally efficient, as the 2-m high-resolution nest is used only in the urban flooded ***, lower-resolution nests are used. The results also show that the model is highly accurate when compared with measured data. The model is capable of incorporating nested sub-domains when the nested boundary is multi-segmented and highly complex with lateral gradients of elevation and velocities. This is a major benefit when modelling urban floodplains at very high resolution.

关键词： Multi-scale nesting Surge-fluvial flooding Urban flooding Multi-segmented boundary Moving boundary

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Observation and modeling of tide- and wind-induced surface currents in Galway Bay

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Water Science and Engineering 2015年第4期8卷 345-352页

作者： Lei Ren Stephen Nash michael hartnett Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Informatics National University of Ireland

A high-frequency radar system has been deployed in Galway Bay, a semi-enclosed bay on the west coast of Ireland. The system provides surface currents with fine spatial resolution every hour. Prior to its use for model validation, the accuracy of the radar data was verified through comparison with measurements from acoustic Doppler current profilers （ADCPs） and a good correlation between time series of surface current speeds and directions obtained from radar data and ADCP data. Since Galway Bay is located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, it is subject to relatively windy conditions, and surface currents are therefore strongly wind-driven. With a view to assimilating the radar data for forecasting purposes, a three-dimensional numerical model of Galway Bay, the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code （EFDC）, was developed based on a terrain-following vertical （sigma） coordinate system. This study shows that the performance and accuracy of the numerical model, particularly with regard to tide- and wind-induced surface currents, are sensitive to the vertical layer structure. Results of five models with different layer structures are presented and compared with radar measurements. A variable vertical structure with thin layers at the bottom and the surface and thicker layers in the middle of the water column was found to be the optimal layer structure for reproduction of tideand wind-induced surface currents. This structure ensures that wind shear can properly propagate from the surface layer to the sub-surface layers, thereby ensuring that wind forcing is not overdamped by tidal forcing. The vertical layer structure affects not only the velocities at the surface layer but also the velocities further down in the water column.

关键词： Wind-induced surface current Vertical layer structure High-frequency radar Coastal ocean dynamics application radar Environmental fluid dynamicscode Galway Bay

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Low-Loss Dielectric Material Characterization and High-Q Resonator Design from Microwave to Millimetre Waves Frequencies

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2011年第1期1卷 15-28页

作者： Jean-Michel Le Floch michael E. Tobar Georges Humbert David Mouneyrac Denis Ferachou Romain Bara Michel Aubourg John G. hartnett Dominique Cros Jean-Marc Blondy Jerzy Krupka School of Physics University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy 6009 Crawley Western Australia XLIM UMR CNRS No 6172 123 av. A. Thomas 87060 Limoges Cedex France Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics Warsaw University of Technology Kosykowa 75 Warsaw Poland

Dielectric resonators are key components in many microwave and millimetre wave circuits and applications, including high-Q filters and frequency-determining elements for precision frequency synthesis. Multilayered and bulk low-loss single crystal and polycrystalline dielectric structures have become very important for designing these devices. Proper design requires careful electromagnetic characterisation of low-loss material properties. This includes exact simulation with precision numerical software and precise measurements of resonant modes. For example, we have developed the Whispering Gallery mode technique, which has now become the standard for characterizing low-loss structures. This paper will review some of the common characterisation techniques used in the microwave to millimetre wave frequency regime.

关键词：《物理科学与应用:英文版》期刊编辑部编辑工作

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