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Mitigating Illumination-,Leaf-,and View-Angle Dependencies in Hyperspectral Imaging Using Polarimetry

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第2期6卷 309-322页

作者： Daniel Krafft Clifton g.Scarboro William Hsieh Colleen Doherty Peter Balint-Kurti michael Kudenov Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA NC Plant Sciences Initiative North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityBox 7616RaleighNC 27695USA Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARSRaleighNC 27695USA

Automation of plant phenotyping using data from high-dimensional imaging sensors is on the forefront of agricultural research for its potential to improve seasonal yield by monitoring crop health and accelerating breeding programs.A common challenge when capturing images in the field relates to the spectral reflection of sunlight(glare)from crop leaves that,at certain solar incidences and sensor viewing angles,presents unwanted *** research presented here involves the convergence of 2 parallel projects to develop a facile algorithm that can use polarization data to decouple light reflected from the surface of the leaves and light scattered from the leaf's tissue.

关键词： imaging dependencies hyperspectral illumination- leaf- mitigating polarimetry using view-angle

Endocrine stress response of Eastern Fence Lizards in fire-disturbed landscapes

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 643-650页

作者： michael g.IACCHETTA K.Nichole MALONER C.M.gIENgER Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State University ClarksvilleTNUSA Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical Center NashvilleTNUSA

Landscape disturbances can alter habitat structure and resource availability,often inducing physiological responses by organisms to cope with the changing *** the endocrine stress response through measurement of glucocorticoids has become an increasingly common method for determining how organisms physiologically respond to challenges imposed by their *** tested the hypothesis that Eastern Fence Lizards cope with fire disturbance effects by modulating their secretion of corticosterone(CORT).We measured the baseline and stress-induced plasma CORT of male Eastern Fence Lizards in a chronosequence of fire-altered habitats(recently burned,recovering from burn,and unburned).Although habitat use by lizards differed among burn treatments,including differences in use of canopy cover,leaf litter,and vegetation composition,we did not detect a significant effect of fire-induced habitat alteration on plasma CORT concentration or on body *** addition,we found no effect of blood draw treatment(baseline or stress-induced),body temperature,body condition,or time taken to collect blood samples on concentration of plasma *** intensity burns,which are typical of prescribed fire,may not be a sufficient stressor to alter CORT secretion in Eastern Fence Lizards(at least during the breeding season).Instead,lizards may avoid allostatic overload using behavioral responses and by selecting microsites within their environment that permit thermoregulatory opportunities necessary for optimal performance and energy assimilation.

关键词： endocrine response fire ecology habitat alteration prescribed fire reptile Sceloporus undulatus

Ignition of nanothermites by a laser diode pulse

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第2期18卷 194-204页

作者： Alexander Yu.Dolgoborodov Vladimir g.Kirilenko michael A.Brazhnikov Leonid I.grishin michael L.Kuskov georgii E.Valyano Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of SciencesRussia N.Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of SciencesRussia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow Russia

Experimental investigation has been carried out for laser ignition and combustion of nanothermites based on aluminum and oxides of copper,bismuth and *** mixing of nanosized powders was used to produce *** thermite ignition,initiating laser pulse with a maximum intensity of 770 W/cm2 was generated by a laser diode with a wavelength of 808 *** ignition delay times,the minimum initiation energy density,and the average burning rate at various thermite densities and mass fractions of components were determined by recording the emission of radiation of the reaction products using a multichannel pyrometer jointly with a high-speed video *** effect of adding carbon black on the threshold parameters of a laser pulse was also *** on the obtained results,certain assumptions were put forward with regard to the mechanism of nanothermites’ignition by laser radiation and their *** particular,the assumptions were made on the two-stage process of the reaction initiation and jet burning mechanism of porous nanothermites.

关键词： Nanothermites Laser ignition Burning rate Ignition delay

Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： Robin A.J.Taylor Jaehak Jeong michael White Jeffrey g.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIC SWAT

Statistics of the NiCoCr medium-entropy alloy:Novel aspects of an old puzzle

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 610-615页

作者： Zongrui Pei Rui Li michael C.gao g.Malcolm Stocks Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN 37996USA National Energy Technology Laboratory AlbanyOR 97321USA Leidos Research Support Team 626 Cochrans Mill RoadP.O.Box 10940PittsburghPA 15236USA

We study the K-state phenomenon in the NiCoCr medium-entropy alloy using first-principles techniques jointly with the efficient Wang–Landau Monte Carlo and simulated annealing *** theoretical results successfully explain the existence of the peak around 940 K in the experimental specific heat curve that characterizes the K-state phenomenon and give a fine picture of its atomic *** peak is caused by the maximum change of the local configurations characterized by the short-range-order(SRO)parameters at that temperature.

关键词： alloy temperature entropy

Should China Join the New Trans-Pacific Partnership?

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China & World Economy 2020年第2期28卷 18-36页

作者： Peter A.Petri michael g.Plummer Brandeis University Johns Hopkins University

After President Donald Trump s ill-advised pullout from the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)and despite the absence of the US,the remaining 11 Asian and Pacific countries agreed on a deal,renamed the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Transpacific Partnership(CPTPP).The accord took effect on 30 December 2018 and provides rigorous,up-to-date rules for Asia-Pacific trade,but excludes the region s two biggest economies:the US and *** this paper,we calculate that Chinese membership in the CPTPP would yield large economic and political benefits to China and other *** CPTPP,in its current form,would generate global income gains estimated at US$147bn *** China were to join,these gains would quadruple to US$632bn,or a quarter more than in the original TPP with the *** to join the CPTPP,China would have to undertake unprecedented reforms and manage complex political challenges.

关键词： Asia-Pacific Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement Trans-Pacific Partnership

Electrophysiological assessment of primary cortical neurons genetically engineered using iron oxide nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2881-2890页

作者： michael g. Evans Arwa Al-Shakli Stuart I. Jenkins Divya M. Chari School of Life Sciences Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Keele Staffordshire ST5 5BG UK

The development of safe technologies to genetically modify neurons is of great interest in regenerative neurology, for both translational and basic science applications. Such approaches have conventionally been heavily reliant on viral transduction methods, which have safety and production limitations. Magnetofection （magnet-assisted gene transfer using iron oxide nanoparticles as vectors） has emerged as a highly promising non-viral alternative for safe and reproducible genetic modification of neurons. Despite the high potential of this technology, there is an important gap in our knowledge of the safety of this approach, namely, whether it alters neuronal function in adverse ways, such as by altering neuronal excitability and signaling. We have investigated the effects of magnetofection in primary cortical neurons by examining neuronal excitability using the whole cell patch clamp technique. We found no evidence that magnetofection alters the voltage-dependent sodium and potassium ionic currents that underpin excitability. Our study provides important new data supporting magnetofection as a safe technology for bioengineering of neuronal cell populations.

关键词： transfection magnetic nanoparticle green fluorescent protein (gFP) whole-cell patch clamp fluorescence microscopy

Changes in soil organic carbon contents and fractionations of forests along a climatic gradient in China

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： Xiaolu Sun Zuoxin Tang michael g.Ryan Yeming You Osbert Jianxin Sun College of Forest Science Beijing Forestry University Institute of Forestry and Climate Change Research Beijing Forestry University Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service College of Forestry Guangxi University

Background: Soil organic carbon(SOC) is a large reservoir of terrestrial carbon(C); it consists of different fractions of varying complexity and stability. Partitioning SOC into different pools of decomposability help better predict the trend of changes in SOC dynamics under climate change. Information on how physical fractions and chemical structures of SOC are related to climate and vegetation types is essential for spatial model ing of SOC processes and responses to global change ***: Soil samples were col ected from multiple representative forest sites of three contrasting climatic zones(i.e. cool temperate, warm temperate, and subtropical) in eastern China. Measurements were made on SOC contents and physical fractions of the 0–20 cm soil layer, and the chemical composition of SOC of the 0–5 cm soil layer, along with measurements and compilation of the basic site and forest stand variables. The long-term effects of temperature, litter inputs, soil characteristics and vegetation type on the SOC contents and factions were examined by means of "space for time substitution" approach and statistical ***: Mean annual temperature(MAT) varied from 2.1 °C at the cool temperate sites to 20.8 °C at the subtropical sites. Total SOC of the 0–20 cm soil layer decreased with increasing MAT, ranging from 89.2 g·kg^(-1) in cool temperate forests to 57.7 g·kg^(-1) in subtropical forests, at an average rate of 1.87% reduction in SOC with a 1 °C increase in *** increasing MAT, the proportions of aromatic C and phenolic C displayed a tendency of decreases, whereas the proportion of alkyl C and A/O-A value(the ratio of alkyl C to the sum of O-alkyl C and acetal C) displayed a tendency of increases. Overall, there were no significant changes with MAT and forest type in either the physical fractions or the chemical composition. Based on the relationship between the SOC content and MAT, we estimate that SOC in the top 20 soil layer of forests potentially cont

关键词： Carb on fractions Forest soil global warming Solid-state 13C-CPMAS NMR

Efficient unidirectional polarization-controlled excitation of surface plasmon polaritons

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 100-105页

作者： Anders Pors michael g Nielsen Thomas Bernardin Jean-Claude Weeber Sergey I Bozhevolnyi Department of Technology and Innovation University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark LICB UMR 6303 CNRS–University of BurgundyF-21078 DijonFrance

Efficient excitation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)remains one of the most challenging issues in areas of plasmonics related to information communication *** particular,combining high SPP excitation efficiency and acceptance of any polarization of incident light appeared to be impossible to attain due to the polarized nature of *** we demonstrate plasmonic couplers that represent arrays of gap SPP resonators producing upon reflection two orthogonal phase gradients in respective linear polarizations of incident *** couplers are thereby capable of efficiently converting incident radiation with arbitrary polarization into SPPs that propagate in orthogonal directions dictated by the phase *** couplers operate at telecom wavelengths and feature the coupling efficiency of,25%for either of two linear polarizations of incident radiation and directivity of SPP excitation exceeding *** further demonstrate that an individual wavelength-sized unit cell,representing a meta-scatterer,can also be used for efficient and polarization sensitive SPP excitation in compact plasmonics circuits.

关键词： gap surface plasmons metamaterials metasurfaces surface plasmon polaritonsgap surface plasmons metamaterials metasurfaces surface plasmon polaritons