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Computer animations of color markings revealthe function of visual threat signals inNeolamprologus pulcher

Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 45-54页

作者： Valentina BALZARINI michael TABORSKY Fabienne VILLA Joachim g. FROMMEN Institute of Ecology and Evolution Behavioral Ecology Division University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a 3032Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Visual signals, including changes in coloration and color patterns, are frequently used by animalsto convey information. During contests, body coloration and its changes can be used to assess anopponent＇s state or motivation. Communication of aggressive propensity is particularly importantin group-living animals with a stable dominance hierarchy, as the outcome of aggressive inter-actions determines the social rank of group members. Neolamprologus pulcher is a cooperativelybreeding cichlid showing frequent within-group aggression. Both sexes exhibit two vertical blackstripes on the operculum that vary naturally in shape and darkness. During frontal threat displaysthese patterns are actively exposed to the opponent, suggesting a signaling function. To investi-gate the role of operculum stripes during contests we manipulated their darkness in computeranimated pictures of the fish. We recorded the responses in behavior and stripe darkness of testsubjects to which these animated pictures were presented. Individuals with initially darker stripeswere more aggressive against the animations and showed more operculum threat *** stripes of test subjects became darker after exposure to an animation exhibiting a paleoperculum than after exposure to a dark operculum animation, highlighting the role of the dark-ness of this color pattern in opponent assessment. We conclude that （i） the black stripes on theoperculum of N. pulcherare a reliable signal of aggression and dominance, （ii） these markings playan important role in opponent assessment, and （iii） 2D computer animations are well suited to elicitbiologically meaningful short-term aggressive responses in this widely used model system ofsocial evolution.

关键词： aggression, agonistic behavior, animated pictures, cichlid fish, communication, cooperation, social, threat display.

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Comparison of closure measurements with finite element model results in an underground coal mine in central Utah

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 9-15页

作者： William g.Pariseau michael K.McCarter Jessica M.Wempen Department of Mining Engineering University of Utah

Quantitative analysis of mine-wide subsidence at the kilometer scale and details of stress distribution about an advancing longwall face are estimated using an adaptation of the finite element method. The method is well suited to the tasks at hand. For greater realism, variability of strata properties is taken into account as are the effects of joints and cleats on elastic moduli and strengths. Evolution of pillar stress and entry closure remote from the face is readily quantified in a series of analyses that simulate face advance. Computed results compare favorably with the evolution of closure measurements about an instrumented pillar in a two-entry headgate. The appropriateness of the finite element method is confirmed. This method is based on first principles that avoid empirical schemes of uncertain applicability and numerical models ‘‘calibrated" by fitting computer output to mine measurements.

关键词： Finite element modeling Longwall mining Mine subsidence Stress modeling

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Intracellular compartmentation of cAMP promotes neuroprotection and regeneration of CNS neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第2期12卷 201-202页

作者： Evan g.Cameron michael S.Kapiloff Byers Eye Institute Stanford University Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine Leonard M.Miller School of MedicineUniversity of Miami

In the central nervous system（CNS）,cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）plays a critical role in numerous,often concurrent,neuronal functions including survival,growth,differentiation and synaptogenesis.

关键词： AMP PDEs CNS

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Determination of fire-access zones along road networks in firesensitive forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 557-564页

作者： Abdullah Emin Akay michael g.Wing Murat Zengin Osman Kose Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryBursa Technical University16330 BursaTurkey Department of Forest Engineering Resources and ManagementCollege of ForestryOregon State UniversityCorvallis 97331ORUSA Department of Landscape Architecture Faculty of Architecture and DesignParnukkale University20200 DenizliTurkey Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of ForestryKahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University46100 KahramanmarasTurkey

Wild forest fires are one of the greatest environmental disasters affecting forest resources. Along the coastal zone of the Mediterranean region in Turkey, forested areas are classified as first-degree, fire-sensitive areas. Every year, thousands of hectares of forests have been destroyed in Turkey. In this study, fire-access zones were determined in the Mediterranean forests of Turkey, by utilizing geographic information systems （gIS） technology. The effective reach distance of fire hoses from both sides of roads was considered in order to delineate fireaccess zones. The effective reach distance can vary based on the technical capabilities and hydraulic capacity of fire trucks （minimum and maximum pressures on water pump）; terrain structures （uphill, downhill and flat）; and ground slope. These factors and their influences were studied in fire sensitive forest areas located in the eastern Mediterranean city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. First, terrain structures on both sides of the road network and groundslope classes were determined based on gIS data layers. Then, fire access zones were delineated according to water pressure data, terrain structures, and ground-slope classes. The results indicated that 69.30 % of the forested areas were within the fire-access zones, while the rest of the forest was out of reach the fire hoses. The accessible areas were also calculated for forested areas with different fire- sensitivity degrees. The accessible areas were 69.59, 69.96, and 67.16 % for the forested areas that are sensitive to fires at the first, second, and third degrees, respectively. This finding has implications for the monitoring and management of fire threats in areas outside of the reach distance. The outside areas should receive extra attention and monitoring during the fire season so that fires are detected ahead of time and management has sufficient time to react. Besides, new roads should be considered for these areas in order to access more lands in a shorte

关键词： Fire equipment Fire protection areas Forestfires Terrain structures

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Stochastic Runge-Kutta–Munthe-Kaas Methods in the Modelling of Perturbed Rigid Bodies

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2022年第2期14卷 528-538页

作者： Michelle Muniz Matthias Ehrhardt michael günther Renate Winkler Institute of Mathematical Modelling Analysis and Computational Mathematics(IMACM)Applied Mathematics and Numerical AnalysisBergische Universität WuppertalGaußstraße 2042119 WuppertalGermany

In this paper we present how nonlinear stochastic Itˆo differential equations arising in the modelling of perturbed rigid bodies can be solved numerically in such a way that the solution evolves on the correct *** this end,we formulate an approach based on Runge-Kutta–Munthe-Kaas(RKMK)schemes for ordinary differ-ential equations on ***,we provide a proof of the mean-square convergence of this stochastic version of the RKMK schemes applied to the rigid body problem and illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes by demonstrating the structure preservation of the stochastic RKMK schemes in contrast to the stochastic Runge-Kutta methods.

关键词： Stochastic Runge-Kutta method Runge-Kutta–Munthe-Kaas scheme nonlinear Itˆo SDEs rigid body problem

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Adiponectin:mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches for restoring diabetic heart sensitivity to ischemic post-conditioning

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第3期7卷 301-305页

作者： Tingting Wang Shanglong Yao Zhengyuan Xia michael g.Irwin Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of Anesthesiology The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Systemic inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)to a specific organ may cause *** post-conditioning(IPostC)has emerged as a promising method for myocardial protection against IRI both in experimental and in clinical *** of endogenous nitric oxide(NO)is one of the major mechanisms by which IPostC confers ***,the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC is impaired and the underlying mechanism is ***(APN)is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory *** levels of APN are decreased in obese subjects and in patients with type 2 *** supplementation has been shown to increase NO production and attenuate myocardial IRI in normal(non-diabetic)***,the effect of APN on myocardial injury in diabetic subjects,especially its potential in restoring the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC has not been *** the current paper,we discussed the possible reasons why the myocardium of diabetic subjects loses sensitivity to IPostC and also highlighted the potential effectiveness and mechanism of APN in restoring IPostC cardioprotection in *** review proposes to conduct studies that may facilitate the development of novel and optimal therapies to enhance cardioprotection in patients with severe diseases such as diabetes.

关键词： adiponectin ischemic post-conditioning ischemia reperfusion injury diabetes

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A survey of image-based computational learning techniques for frost detection in plants

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第2期10卷 164-191页

作者： Sayma Shammi Ferdous Sohel Dean Diepeveen Sebastian Zander michael g.K.Jones Discipline of Information Technology Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Centre for Crop and Food Innovation Food Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Western AustraliaSouth PerthWA 6151Australia

Frost damage is one of the major concerns for crop growers as it can impact the growth of the plants and hence,*** detection of frost can help farmers mitigating its *** the past,frost detection was a manual or visual ***-based techniques are increasingly being used to understand frost development in plants and automatic assessment of damage resulting from *** research presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of the-art methods applied to detect and analyse frost stress in *** identify three broad computational learning approaches i.e.,statistical,traditional machine learning and deep learning,applied to images to detect and analyse frost in *** propose a novel taxonomy to classify the existing studies based on several *** taxonomy has been developed to classify the major characteristics of a significant body of published *** this survey,we profile 80 relevant papers based on the proposed *** thoroughly analyse and discuss the techniques used in the various approaches,i.e.,data acquisition,data preparation,feature extraction,computational learning,and *** summarise the current challenges and discuss the opportunities for future research and development in this area including in-field advanced artificial intelligence systems for real-time frost monitoring.

关键词： Frost Cold stress Machine learning Image analysis Crop Plant

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Utilizing pharmacotherapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to reduce inflammation following traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第9期11卷 1379-1384页

作者： Sherwin Mashkouri Marci g.Crowley michael g.Liska Sydney Corey Cesar V.Borlongan Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine

The pathologic process of chronic phase traumatic brain injury is associated with spreading inflamma- tion, cell death, and neural dysfunction. It is thought that sequestration of inflammatory mediators can facilitate recovery and promote an environment that fosters cellular regeneration. Studies have targeted post-traumatic brain injury inflammation with the use of pharmacotherapy and cell therapy. These thera- peutic options are aimed at reducing the edematous and neurodegenerative inflammation that have been associated with compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Although studies have yielded posi- tive results from anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy and cell therapy individually, emerging research has begun to target inflammation using combination therapy. The joint use of anti-inflammatory drugs along- side stem cell transplantation may provide better clinical outcomes for traumatic brain injury patients. Despite the promising results in this field of research, it is important to note that most of the studies men- tioned in this review have completed their studies using animal models. Translation of this research into a clinical setting will require additional laboratory experiments and larger predinical trials.

关键词： stem cells drugs neuroinflammation trauma neuroprotection regeneration

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Integrated impedance sensing of liquid sample plug flow enables automated high throughput NMR spectroscopy

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 177-193页

作者： Omar Nassar Mazin Jouda michael Rapp Dario Mager Jan g.Korvink Neil MacKinnon Institute of Microstructure Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany

A novel approach for automated high throughput NMR spectroscopy with improved mass-sensitivity is accomplished by integrating microfluidic technologies and micro-NMR resonators.A flow system is utilized to transport a sample of interest from outside the NMR magnet through the NMR detector,circumventing the relatively vast dead volume in the supplying tube by loading a series of individual sample plugs separated by an immiscible *** dual-phase flow demands a real-time robust sensing system to track the sample position and velocities and synchronize the NMR *** this contribution,we describe an NMR probe head that possesses a microfluidic system featuring:(i)a micro saddle coil for NMR spectroscopy and(ii)a pair of interdigitated capacitive sensors flanking the NMR detector for continuous position and velocity monitoring of the plugs with respect to the NMR *** system was successfully tested for automating flow-based measurement in a 500 MHz NMR system,enabling high resolution spectroscopy and NMR sensitivity of 2.18 nmol s1/2 with the flow sensors in *** flow sensors featured sensitivity to an absolute difference of 0.2 in relative permittivity,enabling distinction between most common *** was demonstrated that a fully automated NMR measurement of nine individual 120μL samples could be done within 3.6 min or effectively 15.3 s per sample.

关键词： flow spectroscopy enable

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The Question of Academic Freedom:Universal Right or Relative Term

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Frontiers of Education in China 2014年第1期9卷 4-23页

作者： William g.TIERNEY michael LANFORD Pullias Center for Higher Education Rossier School of EducationUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA

In this essay,we interrogate the role of academic freedom in the 21st century by describing its historical genesis in the modern university,its association with the concept of tenure,and how it is reinterpreted by different cultural and social ***,we examine traditional infringements by national governments upon academic freedom,as well as new infringements brought on by the forces of globalization and *** academic freedom not only protects scholarly inquiry,but the health and safety of academics across the world,we argue that academic freedom is a“transcendent value”that should be respected by political and institutional forces and carefully defended by engaged scholars.

关键词： academic freedom commercialization higher education globalization tenure

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