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Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily g. Robb H. michael g. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya german Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

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Multiphase-field modelling of concurrent grain growth and coarsening in complex multicomponent systems

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第10期42卷 215-229页

作者： P.g.Kubendran Amos Ramanathan Perumal michael Selzer Britta Nestler Institute of Applied Materials(1AM-CMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Strasse am Forum 776131 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Digital Materials Science(IDM) Karlsruhe University of Applied SciencesMoltkestr.3076133 KarlsruheGermany

Phase-field modelling of microstructural evolution in polycrystalline systems with phase-associated grains has largely been confined to continuum-field *** this study,a multiphase-field approach,with a provision for introducing grain boundary and interphase diffusion,is extended to analyse concurrent grain growth and coarsening in multicomponent polycrystalline microstructures with chemically-distinct *** effect of the number of phases and components on the kinetics of evolution is investigated by considering binary and ternary systems of duplex and triplex microstructures,along with a single phase *** is realised that the mere increase in the number of phases minimises the rate of concurrent grain growth and ***,the effect of components is substantially dependent on the respective kinetic *** work unravels that the disparity in the influence of phases and components is primarily due to the corresponding change introduced in the transformation *** the raise in number of phases convolutes the diffusion paths,the increase in number of component effects the rate of evolution through the interdiffusion,which introduces interdependency in the diffusing ***,the role of phase-fractions on the transformation rate of triplex microstructure is studied,and correspondingly,the interplay of interface-and diffusion-governed evolution is elucidated.A representative evolution of three-dimensional triplex microstructure with equal phase-fraction is comparatively analysed with the evolution of corresponding two-dimensional setup.

关键词： Concurrent grain growth and coarsening Duplex and triplex microstructure Microstructural coarsening Multiphase grain growth Multiphase-field modelling

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Recent advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders–focus on long-acting buprenorphine formulations

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第9期11卷 543-552页

作者： michael Soyka Andreas g Franke Psychiatric Hospital University of MunichMünchen 80336Germany University of Applied Labour Studies Mannheim 68163Germany

Oral methadone or sublingual buprenorphine are first-line medications for pharmacotherapy of opioid use disorders(OUDs).Three long-acting buprenorphine depot or implant formulations are currently available for the treatment of OUDs:(1)CAM 2038(Buvidal)for subcutaneous weekly and monthly application;(2)RBP-6000(Sublocade^(TM))as a monthly depot formulation;and(3)A six-month buprenorphine implant[Probuphine^(TM)].The pharmacology,clinical efficacy and prospects of these medications are discussed.

关键词： Opioids Opioid dependence Maintenance treatment Methadone Buprenorphine Depot Implant

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The cellular receptor for enterovirus 71

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Protein & Cell 2014年第9期5卷 655-657页

作者： Yue Liu michael g. Rossmann Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

The Picornaviridae family consists of a large group of non- enveloped, icosahedral viruses with a single, positivestranded IRNA genome. The family includes pathogens that are notable for a variety of human and animal diseases （Racaniello, 2007）. Picornaviruses initiate infections by attachment to host cell receptor molecules and then undergo uncoating to release the viral genome into the cytosol for replication （Racaniello, 2007）. The enterovirus （EV） genus is perhaps the most intensively studied genus among the 26 known genera.

关键词： Picornaviridae genome Picornaviruses

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Is diabetes a causal agent for colorectal cancer? Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2011年第4期17卷 444-448页

作者： Olga giouleme michael D Diamantidis Marios g Katsaros Department of gastroenterology First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AHEPA General Hospital

The possible relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC), concerning pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms is highlighted in this review. The most recent and complete articles and developments in this particular field were thoroughly reviewed. Common risk factors, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and Western diet between DM and CRC, led to the theory that DM might be a causal agent for CRC development. Various studies have connected type 2 DM and CRC, either proximal or distal, in both sexes. Additionally, chronic insulin treatment has been linked with increased colorectal tumor risk among type 2 diabetic patients. Interestingly, elevated hemoglobin A1c has been proven to be an independent predictor of aggressive clinical behavior in CRC patients. These mechanisms include the insulin-like growth factor-hyperinsulinemia theory and the participation of oncogenic intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, it has been proposed that Cox-2 inhibitors might have a role in decreasing the incidence of CRC. Finally, the use of statins to reduce the risk for colon cancer in patients with diabetes has remained controversial. Diabetic patients over 50 should receive counseling regarding their elevated risk for CRC, and screening colonoscopy should be recommended before initiating insulin therapy. However, there are no current guidelines, and this strategy is not yet applicable to some countries, as the corresponding risk would not allow screening colonoscopy to be adopted. There is strong evidence to indicate that DM is a causal agent for CRC development. This conclusion provides new impetus for re-evaluating CRC screening worldwide.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Colorectal cancer Molecular oncogenic pathways Screening

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Chatter prediction for uncertain parameters

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第3期6卷 319-333页

作者： michael Loser Andreas Otto Steffen Ihlenfeidt günter Radons Institute of Machine Tools and Control Engineering TU Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany Institute of Physics Chemnitz University of Technology09107 Chemnitz Germany

The occurrence of chatter in milling processeswas investigated in this study. The prediction of the sta-bility lobes of metal cutting processes requires a model ofthe cutting force and a model of the dynamic machine toolbehavior. Parameter uncertainties in the models may leadto significant differences between the predicted and mea-sured stability behavior. One approach towards robuststability consists of running a large number of simulationswith a random sample of uncertain parameters and deter-mining the confidence levels for the chatter vibrations,which is a time-consuming task. In this paper, an efficientimplementation of the multi frequency solution and theconstruction of an approximate solution is presented. Theapproximate solution requires the explicit calculation of themulti frequency solution only at a few parameter points,and the approximation error can be kept small. This studyfound that the calculation of the robust stability lobe dia-gram, which is based on the approximate solution, is sig-nificantly more efficient than an explicit calculation at allrandom parameter points. The numerically determinedrobust stability diagrams were in good agreement with theexperimentally determined stability lobes.

关键词： Milling Chatter Uncertainties Vibration Stability

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Present status and future directions:Apexification

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 26-32页

作者： Sachin Chauhan Radha Chauhan Prashant Bhasin Bhavna g Sharaf Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and ResearchFaridabad 121002HaryanaIndia Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge and Oral Implantology Mahatma Gandhi Dental College&HospitalJaipur 302022RajasthanIndia Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and ResearchFaridabad 121002HaryanaIndia

The success rate of apexification is primarily determined by multiple factors,including the material used,the size of the open apex compared to the length of the root,and the technique used in each *** main objective of this review was to provide an update on the present management of open apex to identify factors and circumstances that may influence the success of apexification using different materials and *** research on apexification should focus on how to treat open apices with wide periapical lesions without ***,the predictability of these parameters with non-surgical procedures was uncertain,but now,with the use of a dental operating microscope,it has become more *** reason could be that extra visits are no longer required due to major advances in the armamentarium and materials used for apexification.

关键词： Bioceramics Magnification Biodentine Mineral trioxide aggregate Apexification Open apex

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Propofol use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第18期20卷 5171-5176页

作者： Danny g Cheriyan michael F Byrne Department of gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalVancouverBC V5Z 1M9Canada

Compared to standard endoscopy,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)are often lengthier and more complex,thus requiring higher doses of sedatives for patient comfort and *** aim of this review is to provide the reader with information regarding the use,safety profile,and merits of propofol for sedation in advanced endoscopic procedures like ERCP and EUS,based on the current literature.

关键词： Propofol Endoscopy Ndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic ultrasound Safety

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Advancement in utilization of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in the understanding of schizophrenia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 11-15页

作者： Aidan K Tirpack Danyaal g Buttar Mandeep Kaur Department of Psychiatry Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineBuies CreekNC 27506United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Mercyhealth Hospital and Trauma CenterJanesvilleWI 53548United States

Historically,psychiatric diagnoses have been made based on patient’s reported symptoms applying the criteria from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental *** utilization of neuroimaging or biomarkers to make the diagnosis and manage psychiatric disorders remains a distant *** have been several studies that examine brain imaging in psychiatric disorders,but more work is needed to elucidate the complexities of the human *** this editorial,we examine two articles by Xu et al and Stoyanov et al,that show developments in the direction of using neuroimaging to examine the brains of people with schizo-phrenia and *** et al used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain structure of patients with schizophrenia,in addition to examining neurotransmitter levels as *** et al used functional magnetic resonance imaging to look at modulation of different neural circuits by diagnostic-specific scales in patients with schizophrenia and *** two studies provide crucial evidence in advancing our understanding of the brain in prevalent psychiatric disorders.

关键词： Schizophrenia Magnetic resonance imaging Biomarkers Neurotransmitters Psychiatric disorders

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Use of an immunocapture device to detect cytokine release in discrete brain regions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 703-704页

作者： Matthew g.Frank michael V.Baratta Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Frank MG)Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA(Baratta MV)

Production of proinflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system is a key process in the neuroinflammatory response to trauma,infection,and neurodegenerative diseases(Kumar,2019).These intercellular signaling molecules play multiple roles in the immune response in the central nervous system including the orchestration of the sickness response to innate immune perturbations in the brain(Dantzer et al.,2008).

关键词： system release innate

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