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Cascade of care for children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis C

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第12期27卷 1117-1131页

作者： michael evan rogers William F Balistreri Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229United States

Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection presents a significant global public health *** 2015,over 400000 deaths worldwide were attributed to HCV *** led the World Health Organization(WHO)in 2016 to set the ambitious goal of eliminating HCV by ***-centered guidelines have been established in order to provide direction for healthcare professionals,allowing integration of the newest screening policies and therapeutic strategies into their ***,for children and adolescents,HCV is a significant,unrecognized public health *** infection rates in the United States in women of childbearing age and those who are pregnant have increased in parallel with the rising opioid *** estimated 29000 women with HCV infection gave birth each year from 2011 to 2014 in the United States,with approximately 1700 of their infants being infected with *** HCV-specific therapeutics,namely direct acting antivirals(DAA),has brought a new and highly successful approach to treatment of hepatitis *** studies have confirmed similar levels of effectiveness and safety of DAA therapies in the pediatric ***,an enhanced cascade of care,which should include the population under 18 years of age,can help achieve the WHO goal by focusing on elimination in the youngest *** review will present an overview of the natural history,clinical features,and management of HCV in children and adolescents.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C education Hepatitis C elimination

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Increased competitive ability and herbivory tolerance in the invasive plant Sapium sebiferum

Increased competitive ability and herbivory tolerance in the...

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第一届全国生物入侵学术研讨会

作者： William E.rogers evan Siemann Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The evolution of increased competitive ability(EICA) hypothesis predicts that release from natural enemies in the introduced range favors exotic plants evolving to have greater competitive ability and lower herbivore resistance than conspecifics from the native *** tested the EICA hypothesis in a common garden experiment with Sapium sebiferum in which seedlings from native(China) and invasive(USA) populations were grown in all pairwise combinations in the native range(China) in the presence of *** paired seedlings were from the same continent,shoot mass and leaf damage per seedling were significantly greater for plants from invasive populations than those from native *** more damage from herbivores,plants from invasive populations still outperformed those from native populations when they were grown *** competitive ability and higher herbivory damage of invasive populations relative to native populations of S. sebiferum support the EICA *** of biomass against percent leaf damage showed that plants from invasive populations tolerated herbivory more effectively than those from native *** results of this study suggest that *** has become a faster-growing,less herbivore-resistant and more herbivore-tolerant plant in the introduced *** implies that increased competitive ability of exotic plants may be associated with evolutionary changes in both resistance and tolerance to herbivory in the introduced *** these evolutionary changes has important implications for biological control strategies targeted at problematic invaders.

关键词： biological invasions biological control EICA hypothesis enemy release herbivore resistance herbivore tolerance

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