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Water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage relationships in middle-order agriculture and forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew L.Skoog michael A.Eggleton Yushun Chen department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota department of Natural Resources State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background Agriculture has greatly influenced water quality, habitats, and fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been understudied compared to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this study, water quality, habitat, and fish assemblage composition were assessed seasonally(spring, summer, and fall) in eight representative MAP streams located across three U.S. states. The study design included four streams containing highly agricultural watersheds(herein termed “agriculture” streams) and four streams containing mostly forested watersheds(herein termed “forest” streams), which were intended to represent reference conditions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained significantly better instream and riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P differences between agriculture and forest streams with respect to other physical and chemical variables were intermittent and season dependent. Fish assemblages in agriculture and forest streams were structured primarily along an environmental gradient reflecting instream habitat conditions, water nutrient concentrations, and benthic chlorophyll-a production. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained many regionally common species, though some species appeared to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained more tolerant species, more omnivores, and fewer insectivores compared to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third of the fish specimens collected in forest streams classified as intolerant *** Our results suggested that stream water quality, habitat, and fish assemblages differed between agriculture and forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Multiple sclerosis drug repurposing for neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： Peter Göttle michael dietrich Patrick Küry department of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system(CNS)and is primarily characterized by immune cell infiltration leading to relapses followed by remission phases and a disease course turning progressive over time with neurodegenerative processes taking over(Amin and Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond relapse-associated worsening early in disease progression independent of relapse activity may arise independently of relapse activity and can occur in all ***-mediated damage of myelin sheaths and the subsequent loss of mature oligodendrocytes are resulting in impaired axonal integrity,neurodegeneration and accounts for irreversible neuronal damage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current landscape of available disease-modifying therapies comprises mainly immunomodulatory drugs that effectively diminish relapses and slow down progression at the onset form of the disease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard,a number of drugs have been approved as disease-modifying therapies for MS by US Food and drug Administration and European Medicines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： drugs impaired irreversible

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deep Energies for Estimating Three-dimensional Facial Pose and Expression

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 837-861页

作者： Jane Wu michael Bao Xinwei Yao Ronald Fedkiw department of Computer Science Stanford University353 Jane Stanford WayStanfordCA 94305USA Epic Games 620 Crossroads BlvdCaryNC 27518USA

While much progress has been made in capturing high-quality facial performances using motion capture markers and shape-from-shading,high-end systems typically also rely on rotoscope curves hand-drawn on the *** curves are subjective and difficult to draw consistently;moreover,ad-hoc procedural methods are required for generating matching rotoscope curves on synthetic renders embedded in the optimization used to determine three-dimensional(3d)facial pose and *** propose an alternative approach whereby these curves and other keypoints are detected automatically on both the image and the synthetic renders using trained neural networks,eliminating artist subjectivity,and the ad-hoc procedures meant to mimic *** generally,we propose using machine learning networks to implicitly define deep energies which when minimized using classical optimization techniques lead to 3d facial pose and expression estimation.

关键词： Numerical optimization Neural networks Motion capture Face tracking

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Soybean Response to Weed Residues in the Soil

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 801-811页

作者： dwayne d. Joseph michael W. Marshall Matthew Cutulle department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA Coastal Research and Education Center Clemson University Charleson SC USA

Soybean production systems that return plant residues to the soil surface are gaining in popularity. As these practices become more widespread, more crop and weed residues are being introduced into the upper soil profile. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of varying concentrations of Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory plant residues (aboveground portion of the plant) on soybean production. The study was arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Palmer amaranth and pitted morningglory residues were incorporated into soil at 20,000, 40,000, 80,000 and 160,000 ppm. Inert plastic residue at the same residue levels was included as a check. Soybean dry weight, leaf area and leaf tissue nutrient content were recorded during the study. A decrease in soybean dry weight and leaf area was observed as Palmer amaranth residue in the soil increased. Palmer amaranth residues of 160,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm in the soil significantly reduced soybean dry weight by 69% and 59%, respectively, and soybean leaf area by 60% and 57%, respectively. In contrast, pitted morningglory and inert plastic residues had no observable effect on soybean growth and development. This study demonstrated Palmer amaranth residues in the soil impacted early season soybean growth and development.

关键词： Reduced Tillage Plant Residues Allelopathy Glycine max L.

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Importance-aware 3d volume visualization for medical content-based image retrieval-a preliminary study

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第1期6卷 71-81页

作者： Mingjian LI Younhyun JUNG michael FULHAM Jinman KIM School of Computer Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120South Korea department of Molecular Imaging Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background A medical content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system is designed to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query *** is widely used in evidence-based diagnosis,teaching,and *** the retrieval accuracy has largely improved,there has been limited development toward visualizing important image features that indicate the similarity of retrieved *** the prevalence of 3d volumetric data in medical imaging such as computed tomography(CT),current CBIR systems still rely on 2d cross-sectional views for the visualization of retrieved *** 2d visualization requires users to browse through the image stacks to confirm the similarity of the retrieved images and often involves mental reconstruction of 3d information,including the size,shape,and spatial relations of multiple *** process is time-consuming and reliant on users'*** In this study,we proposed an importance-aware 3d volume visualization *** rendering parameters were automatically optimized to maximize the visibility of important structures that were detected and prioritized in the retrieval *** then integrated the proposed visualization into a CBIR system,thereby complementing the 2d cross-sectional views for relevance feedback and further *** Our preliminary results demonstrate that 3d visualization can provide additional information using multimodal positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT)images of a non-small cell lung cancer dataset.

关键词： Volume visualization dVR Medical CBIR Retrieval Medical images

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Mathematical beauty and Palladian architecture:Measuring and comparing visual complexity and diversity

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 729-740页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee michael J.Ostwald School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign&ArchitectureThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Palladio’s design principles,including proportion and harmony,have often been associated with mathematical definitions of ***,the geometric and semantic properties of his fac¸ades have rarely been analysed in a holistic *** is little evidence of how mathematical beauty may be embodied in his *** research investigates complexity(fractal dimension or d)and diversity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic indices,aiming to capture distinct characteristics of Palladian *** d and PP values of 22 Palladian villa fac¸ades are measured and analysed,before being compared with those of three Renaissance facades by Sebastiano *** combination of d and PP captures the geometric and semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural ***,the developed scatter plot of d and PP results supports the identification of four distinct aesthetic types of Palladian fac¸ade *** novel combination of d and PP measures contributes to a better understanding of one definition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provides new mathematical insights into the visual character of Palladian architecture and compares two important measures thereof.

关键词： Palladian architecture Complexity diversity Mathematical beauty Perplexity Fac¸ade design

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Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： Koki Nishihara Clothilde Villot Lautaro Cangiano Le Luo Guan michael Steele department of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand SAS Blagnac F‑31702France department of Animal and dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Address:department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life,understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune *** objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of *** tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(d0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(d5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon *** sequencing showed that there was no difference inαandβdiversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on d0 compared to *** addition,q PCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(***)decreased in the colon mucosa on d5 compared to d0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude ***,increased in the colon mucosa on d5 compared to ***-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated in the colon mucosa of d5 compared to *** Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy dairy calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅰ:framing family medicine–history,values and perspectives

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 2-11页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Kathleen T Rowland Richard H Streiffer michael d Macechko Julia A Roulier Jeffrey M Borkan Larry A Green Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Preventive Medicine Rush Medical College of Rush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA College of Community Health Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA UAMS Northwest Regional Campus Family Medicine Residency Program FayettevilleArkansasUSA UAMS North Central Regional Campus Family Medicine Residency Program BatesvilleArkansasUSA Family Medicine Brown University Warren Alpert Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode IslandUSA University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅰ:framing family medicine—history,values,and perspectives’,the authors address the following themes:‘Notes on Storylines of Family Medicine’,‘Family medicine—the generalist specialty’,‘Family medicine’s achievements—a glass half full assessment’,‘Family medicine’s next 50 years—toward filling our glasses’,‘Four enduring truths of family medicine’,‘Names matter’,‘Family medicine at its core’and‘The ecology of medical care.’May readers find much food for thought in these essays.

关键词： glasses illustration Notes

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Leveraging machine learning to generate a unified and complete building height dataset for Germany

Energy and AI

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 327-341页

作者： Kristina dabrock Noah Pflugradt Jann michael Weinand detlef Stolten Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Climate and Energy SystemsJülich Systems Analysis52425 JülichGermany RWTH Aachen University Chair for Fuel CellsFaculty of Mechanical Engineering52062 AachenGermany

Building geometry data is crucial for detailed, spatially-explicit analyses of the building stock in energy systems analysis and beyond. despite the existence of diverse datasets and methods, a standardized and validated approach for creating a nation-wide unified and complete dataset of German building heights is not yet available. This study develops and validates such a methodology, combining different data sources for building footprints and heights and filling gaps in height data using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The XGBoost model achieves a mean absolute error of 1.78 m at the national level and between 1.52 m and 3.47 m at the federal state level. The goal is proving the applicability of the methodology at a large scale and creating a useful dataset. The resulting dataset is thoroughly evaluated on a building-by-building level and spatially resolved statistics on the quality of the dataset are reported. This detailed validation found that the building number and footprint area of German building stock is 90.31 % and 94.84 % correct, respectively, and the building height accuracy is 0.59 m at the national level. However, errors are not homogeneous across Germany and further research is needed into the impact of including additional datasets, especially for regions and building types with lower accuracies. This study proves that the chosen methodology is useful for generating a building height dataset and the workflow, with some modifications for regional data availability, can be transferred to other countries. The generated building dataset for Germany constitutes a valuable data basis for the research community in fields such as energy research, urban planning and building decarbonization policy development.

关键词： Machine learning XGBoost Building height Building footprint 3-d building data Geodata Spatial analysis

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Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui department of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA department of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and promising candidate materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and diverter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been developed by a powder metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed samples contained two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a body-centered cubic structure, while the oxide phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRd),energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EdS), and selected area electron diffraction (SAEd). The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and V may explain the preferential formation of their oxide phases based on thermodynamic calculations. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSd) revealed an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and much higher micro-and nano-hardness than W and other W-based RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hardness can be retained to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

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