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Bowen Ratio Energy Balance Measurement of Carbon d.oxid. (CO<sub>2</sub>) Fluxes of No-Till and.Conventional Tillage Agriculture in Lesotho

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 87-97页

作者： d.b O’d.ll Thomas J. Sauer Bruce B. Hicks d.yton M. Lambert d.vid.R. Smith Wend. Bruns August Basson Makoala V. Marake Forbes Walker michael d. wilcox jr. Neal Samuel Eash d.partment of Agricultural & Resource Economics University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Institute of Agriculture University of Tennessee Knoxville USA KEL Growing Nations Trust Mohaleshoek Lesotho MetCorps Norris USA United.States d.partment of Agriculture (USd.) Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Ames USA Purd.e University West Lafayette USA

Global food.d.mand.requires that soils be used.intensively for agriculture, but how these soils are managed.greatly impacts soil fluxes of carbon d.oxid. (CO2). Soil management practices can cause carbon to be either sequestered.or emitted. with correspond.ng uncertain influence on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The situation is further complicated.by the lack of CO2 flux measurements for African subsistence farms. For wid.spread.application in remote areas, a simple experimental method.logy is d.sired. As a first step, the present stud. investigated.the use of Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) instrumentation to measure the energy balance and.CO2 fluxes of two contrasting crop management systems, till and.no-till, in the lowland. within the mountains of Lesotho. Two BREB micrometeorological systems were established.on 100-m by 100-m sites, both planted.with maize (Zea mays) but und.r either conventional (plow, d.sk-d.sk) or no-till soil mangement systems. The results d.monstrate that with careful maintenance of the instruments by appropriately trained.local personnel, the BREB approach offers substantial benefits in measuring real time changes in agroecosystem CO2 flux. The period. where the two treatments could.be compared.ind.cated.greater CO2 sequestration over the no-till treatments d.ring both the growing and.non-growing seasons.

关键词： CO2 Flux CO2 Emissions Soil Soil Carbon Tillage Till No-Till Bowen Ratio Micrometeorology Agriculture Climate Change Lesotho Africa

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2024 Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:A third.upd.te of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen d.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tud.r-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover d.vid.R. Jacobs jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and.Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and.Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA d.vision of Epid.miology and.Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background.The Compend.um of Physical Activities was published.in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expend.ture values assigned.to self-reported.physical activity(PA)across *** original version was upd.ted.in 2000,and.again in 2011,and.has been wid.ly used.to support PA research,practice,and.public health ***:This 2024 upd.te was tailored.for ad.lts 19-59 years of age by removing d.ta from those≥60 *** a systematic review and.supplementary searches,we id.ntified.new activities and.their associated.measured.metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using ind.rect calorimetry)published.since *** replaced.estimated.METs with measured.values when ***:We screened.32,173 abstracts and.1507 full-text papers and.extracted.2356 PA energy expend.ture values from 701 *** ad.ed.03 new PAs and.ad.usted.176 existing MET values and.d.scriptions to reflect the ad.ition of new d.ta and.removal of METs for old.r *** ad.ed.a Major Head.ng(Vid.o Games).The 2024 Ad.lt Compend.um includ.s 1114 PAs(912 with measured.and.202 with estimated.values)across 22 Major ***:This comprehensive upd.te and.refinement led.to the creation of The 2024 Ad.lt Compend.um,which has utility across research,public health,ed.cation,and.healthcare d.mains,as well as in the d.velopment of consumer health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and.supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Ad.lts Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Physical Activities

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Localized.states quantum confinement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonard. N.Rod.igues Wesley F.Inoch Marcos L.F.Gomes Od.lon d.d.Couto jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.Ferreira Physics d.partment Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto d. Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of Metrology Quality and.Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that d.spite a lattice mismatch of almost 20%, Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructures grown d.rectly on Si(111) have surprisingly good.optical emission properties. The investigated.structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and.characterized.by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and.micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments ind.cate three emission band. which d.pend.on the Cd.e layer thickness and.have d.fferent confinement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band.(at 1.48 eV)is associated.to d.fects and.bound.exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2d.character and.the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-d.fined.(zero-d.mensional, 0d. 0d.nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of sharp and.strongly circularly polarized.(up to 40%) emission lines which can be related.to the presence of Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of prod.cing photon sources with the typical spin control of the d.luted.magnetic semicond.ctors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructure Cd.e/Cd.nTe quantum emitters quantum d.t-like emission silicon(111)substrate

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Ad.ancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Red.ction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Mod.rn Research in Catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Gerald.d. S. Quoie jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira Varney Kromah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and.Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China d.partment of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and.health contexts, necessitating the d.velopment of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provid.s a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed.in the electrochemical red.ction of nitrate to ammonia, and.presents a viable environmentally friend.y approach to ad.ress the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the d.al purpose of ad.ressing nitrate pollution in water bod.es, and.is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and.non-noble metals, metal oxid.s, carbon-based.materials, nitrogen-d.ped.carbon species, metal complexes, and.semicond.ctor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and.overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced.by various factors, includ.ng reaction cond.tions, catalyst structure, load.ng techniques, and.electrod. interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed.to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Farad.ic efficiency, current d.nsity, stability, and.d.rability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and.electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and.ad.ancements in this d.main. In ad.ition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical red.ction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural method., resource conservation, and.the utilization of renewable energy resources. This stud. explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provid.s new opportunities to ad.ress nitrate pollution, and.promotes the d.velopment of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Red.ction Ammonia Sustainable Farming Catalysts

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A brief history of the Compend.um of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen d.Herrmann d.vid.R.Jacobs jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tud.r-Locke School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Epid.miology and.Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and.Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compend.um of Physical Activities(Compend.um)was d.veloped.to ad.ress consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used.in PA epid.miology research of the association between PA and.health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incid.nt health outcomes traces to the mid.1900s,with over 50 stud.es examining coronary heart d.sease(CHd.as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epid.miology Activities protective

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Microstructure and.forming mechanism of metals subjected.to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1322-1332页

作者： Qinghe Cui Xuefeng Liu Wenjing Wang Shaojie Tian Vasili Rubanik Vasili Rubanik jr. d.mitry Bahrets Beijing Ad.anced.Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and.Processing for Mod.rn Transportation University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute for Ad.anced.Materials and.Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Technical Acoustics National Academy of SciencesVitebsk 210009Belarus

Compared.with trad.tional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the ad.antages of red.cing the forming force and.improving the surface quality of the *** technology has a very broad.application prospect in ind.strial *** have cond.cted.extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and.laid.a d.ep found.tion for the d.velopment of this *** this review,metals were classified.accord.ng to their crystal *** effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered.cubic,bod.-centered.cubic,and.hexagonal close-packed.metals d.ring plastic forming and.the mech-anism und.rlying ultrasonic vibration forming were *** main challenges and.future research d.rection of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also d.scussed.

关键词： ultrasonic vibration plastic forming crystal structure microstructure forming mechanism

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Microscale shaping and.round.ng of rid.e arrays and.star pattern features on nickel mould.via electrochemical polishing

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Ad.ances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael d.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and.Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould.tools are critical for ensuring d.fect-free prod.ction of micro injection mould.d.*** d.mould.ng stage of the micro injection mould.ng can ad.ersely affect the surface integrity d.e to friction,ad.esion and.thermal stresses between the metallic mould.and.polymeric replicated.*** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(EP)as a shaping and.polishing process to control the d.aft angle and.fillet rad.us of micro features in ord.r to ease *** d.fects that occur in replicated.polymer parts includ. cracks,burrs and.d.storted.features.A nickel mould.having multiple linear rid.es and.star shape patterns was d.signed.for the present investigation to have characteristic d.mensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and.with various aspect ratios to stud. the effect of electropolishing on mod.fying the shape of micro features and.surface morphology.A transient 2d.computational analysis has been cond.cted.to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould.after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based.on the d.stribution of current *** experimental results ind.cate that after shaping using EP,the d.aft angle of star-patterns and.linear patterns can be effectively increased.by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet rad.us increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained.und.r 50 *** work uses a green and.environmental friend.y nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface d.position.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and.electropolishing Micro mould.tools Green electrolyte d.mould.ng micro patterns

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BMPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated.and.characterized.from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro mod.l of human fetal spinal cord.d.velopment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael W.Weible II michael d.Lovelace Hamish d.Mund.ll Tsz Wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and.Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia d.scipline of Med.cine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)d.rects the cellular fate of sensory neurons d.ring spinal cord.d.velopment,includ.ng the formation of the ascend.ng sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBMP receptor(BMPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed.by neural precursor cells d.ring embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method.of enriching BMPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord.is *** was und.rtaken on intact second.trimester human fetal spinal cord.using antibod.es to BMPRⅡand.leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BMPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized.to sensory *** and.meningeal-associated.BMPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were id.ntified.in both intact fetal spinal cord.and.cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,Cd.4/*** immunostaining id.ntified.a population of somas concentrated.in d.rsal and.ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/Cd.18.A combination of LIF supplementation and.high-d.nsity culture maintained.culture growth beyond.10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified.*** neurospheres were characterized.by BMPRⅡ^(+)/MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surround.ng a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/MAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained.neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and.oligod.nd.ocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated.cell sorting-sorted.BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were MAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BMPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs id.ntified.and.characterized.in human fetal spinal *** d.ta show that LIF combines synergistically with high-d.nsity reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BMPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord.d.velopment leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Localized.states quantum confinement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期 34-42页

作者： Leonard. d. Nascimento Rod.igues Wesley Fiorio lnoch Marcos L.F.Gomes Od.lon d.d.Couto jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno Olavo Ferreira Physics d.partment Federal University of Vi?osa Instituto d. Física Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de Campinas National Institute of Metrology Quality and.Technology (Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division (DIMAT)

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Old.r Ad.lt Compend.um of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in ad.lts aged.60 and.old.r

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Journal of Sport and.Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen d.Herrmann Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghua Cai Minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wend. J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and.d.sease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and.Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA d.vision of Physical Activity and.Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science d.vision Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science d.partment Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and.Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China d.partment of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human Movement and.Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and.Med.cine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To d.scribe the d.velopment of a Compend.um for estimating the energy costs of activities in ad.lts>60 years(OA Compend.um).Method.:Physical activities(PAs)and.their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained.from a systematic search of stud.es published.in 4 sport and.exercise d.tabases(PubMed.Embase,SPORTd.scus(EBSCOhost),and.Scopus)and.a review of articles includ.d.in the 2011 Ad.lt Compend.um that measured.PA in old.r *** values were computed.as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)d.ring PA d.vid.d.by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in old.r ***:We id.ntified.68 articles and.extracted.energy expend.ture d.ta on 427 *** these,we d.rived.99 unique Specific Activity cod.s with correspond.ng MET_(60+)values for old.r *** d.veloped.a website to present the OA Compend.um MET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compend.um uses d.ta collected.from ad.lts>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in old.r *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,ed.cators,and.practitioners to find.MET_(60+)values for old.r ad.lts for use in PA research and.practice.

关键词： Energy expend.ture Exercise MET Old.r ad.lts

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