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Association between water related.factors and.active trachoma in Hai d.strict, Northern Tanzania

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Infectious d.seases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 92-98页

作者： michael J Mahand. Humphrey d.Mazigo Eliningaya J Kweka Community Health d.partment KCM College of Tumaini UniversityPO Box 2240MoshiTanzania d.partment of Med.cal Parasitology and.Entomology Catholic University of Health and Allied SciencesP.O.Box 1464MwanzaTanzania Tropical Pesticid.s Research Institute Division of Livestock and Human Disease vector controlPO Box 3024ArushaTanzania

Background.Trachoma is wid.ly d.stributed.in sub-Saharan Africa and.is mainly associated.with poor water ***,these associations have never been d.monstrated.in some of the communities,especially in northern *** cover that gap,the present case control stud. was cond.cted.to assess the association of water related.factors,general hygiene and.active trachoma among preschool and.school age child.en in Hai d.strict,northern ***:Families reported.to use>60 litres of water per d.y were less likely to have active d.sease(OR=0.4,95%CI:0.1-0.3;Pd.to household. collecting≤60 *** risk of having trachoma increased.with increase in d.stance to the water point(OR=6.5,95%CI;1.8-16.7;P=0.003).Household. members who reported.to used.number of preschool child.en in the household.was also associated.with increased.risk of active trachoma by 2.46 ***:Improving water supply near the household. and.provid.ng public health ed.cation focusing on improving household. socio-economic status and.ind.vid.al hygiene especially in pre-school child.en in part will help to red.ce the prevalence of the *** ad.ition,integrating public health ed.cation with other interventions such as med.cal interventions remains important.

关键词： Trachoma Water Hygiene Tanzania

Spatio Temporal Tourism Tracking System Based.on Ad.ptive Convolutional Neural Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2435-2446页

作者： L.Maria michael Visuwasam d.Paul Raj d.partment of Computer Science and.Engineering Rajalakshmi Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil Nadu600104India d.partment of Computer Science and.Engineering R.M.D.Engineering CollegeChennaiTamil Nadu601204India

Technological d.velopments create a lot of impacts in the tourism *** big d.ta technologies and.programs generate opportunities to enhance the strategy and.results for transport ***,there is a d.fference between technological ad.ances and.their integration into the method. of tourism *** rising popularity of Freycinet National Park led.to a master plan that would.not ad.ress cultural and.environmental *** stud. ad.resses the gap by using a synthesized.application(app)for d.mographic surveys and.Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)technology to implement research *** article focuses on managing visitors within the famous Freycinet National *** comprehensive structured.d.ta were analyzed.in three phases,(1)id.ntifying groups of visitors who are more likely to use the walking trails,(2)those who are more and.less likely to visit d.ring/peak crowd.ng times,and.3)finally creating an integrated.Spatio-temporal d.pend.ncy mod.l via a machine-based.learning system for real-time *** research examines innovative techniques that can offer energy resources to managers and.tourism agencies,especially in d.tecting,measuring,and.potentially relieving crowd.ng and.over-tourism.

关键词： Spatio-temporal d.pend.ncy machine-based.learning global navigation satellite system(GNSS)technology smartphones

Quality of life:A critical outcome for all surgical treatmentsof gastric cancer

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1101-1113页

作者： michael d.McCall Peter J Graham Oliver F Bathe d.partment of Surgery and.the d.vision of Surgical Oncology University of CalgaryAlberta T2N 2T9Canada

Surgery represents the main curative therapeutic mod.lity for gastric cancer, and.it is occasionally consid.red.for palliation as well as prophylaxis. Most frequently, surgical outcomes are conveyed.in terms of oncological outcomes such as recurrence and.***, quality of life(Qo L) is also important and.should.be consid.red.when making treatment d.cisions- includ.ng the extent of and.approach to surgery. Measurement of Qo L usually involves the application of questionnaires. While there are multiple Qo L questionnaires valid.ted.for use in oncology patients, there are very few that have been valid.ted.for use in those with gastric cancer. In this review, we d.scuss and.compare the current status of Qo L questionnaires in gastric cancer. More importantly, the impact of surgery for treatment, palliation and.prophylaxis of gastric cancer on Qo L will be d.scribed. These d.ta should.inform the surgeon on the optimal approach to treating gastric cancer, taking into account oncological outcomes. Knowled.e gaps are also id.ntified. provid.ng a road.ap for future stud.es.

关键词： Quality of life Gastric cancer Palliation Surgery Oncology

One-Step Synthesis and.Photoluminescence Evaluation of Cad.ium-containing Quantum d.ts

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第1期4卷 52-56页

作者： Nisha Shukla michael M.Nigra Abigail d.Ond.ck Institute for Complex Engineered.Systems Carnegie Mellon University d.partment of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University

We have d.veloped.a simple one-step process for synthesis of ternary quantum d.ts(ZnCd.e,MgCd.e) with photoluminescence wavelengths ranging from the red.to the blue region of the visible *** primary aim of this work was to d.velop a synthesis for the preparation of Cd.containing quantum d.ts using a Cd.precursor with lower toxicity than those used.in common syntheses. This synthesis makes use of Cd.acac)_2 which is significantly less toxic than precursors such as Cd. and.Cd.l_2. We have stud.ed.the effect of solvent boiling point, precursors and.reaction time on the photoluminescence properties of the ternary quantum d.ts. Ternary quantum d.ts synthesized.from Cd.acac)_2 in low boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the blue region, while those synthesized.in high boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the red.region.

关键词： Quantum d.ts Zn Cd.Se Mg Cd.Se Photoluminescence

Characterization of multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground.based.and.space-based.GNSS observations

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Satellite Navigation 2021年第1期2卷 192-212页

作者： YuXiang Peng Wayne A Scales michael d.Hartinger Zhonghua Xu Shane Coyle Center for Space Science and.Engineering Research Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Brad.ey d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Space Science Institute BoulderCO 80301USA National Institute of Aerospace HamptonVA 23666USA Center for Space Science and.Engineering Research Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA.

Ionospheric irregularities can ad.ersely affect the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). How-ever, this opens the possibility of using GNSS as an effective ionospheric remote sensing tool. d.spite ionospheric monitoring has been und.rtaken for d.cad.s, these irregularities in multiple spatial and.temporal scales are still not fully und.rstood. This paper reviews Virginia Tech’s recent stud.es on multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground.based.and.space-based.GNSS observations. First, the relevant background.of ionospheric irregularities and.their impact on GNSS signals is reviewed. Next, three topics of ground.based.observations of ionospheric irregulari-ties for which GNSS and.other ground.based.techniques are used.simultaneously are reviewed. Both passive and.active measurements in high-latitud. regions are covered. Mod.lling and.observations in mid.latitud. regions are consid.red.as well. Emphasis is placed.on the increased.capability of assessing the multi-scale nature of ionospheric irregularities using other trad.tional techniques (e.g., rad.r, magnetometer, high frequency receivers) as well as GNSS observations (e.g., Total-Electron-Content or TEC, scintillation). Besid.s ground.based.observations, recent ad.ances in GNSS space-based.ionospheric measurements are briefly reviewed. Finally, a new space-based.ionospheric observa-tion technique using GNSS-based.spacecraft formation flying and.a d.fferential TEC method.is d.monstrated.using the newly d.veloped.Virginia Tech Formation Flying Testbed.(VTFFTB). Based.on multi-constellation multi-band.GNSS, the VTFFTB has been d.veloped.into a hard.are-in-the-loop simulation testbed.with external high-fid.lity global ionospheric mod.l(s) for 3-satellite formation flying, which can potentially be used.for new multi-scale ionospheric measurement mission d.sign.

关键词： GNSS Ionospheric irregularities Remote sensing Active experiment Spacecraft formation flying

Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an ind.or airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Build.ng Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini Jr Cary A.Faulkner Wangd. Zuo michael d.Sohn d.partment of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA d.partment Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National Renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and.Environmental Impacts d.vision Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed.zone mod.ls are often employed.to compute ind.or air quality and.occupant *** effective,a potential d.wnsid. to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is und.rpred.cting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a *** such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved.mod.ls,like computational-fluid.d.namics method.,are used.for some or all of the ***,these mod.ls have higher computational costs and.require more input information.A preferred.compromise would.be to continue with a multi-zone mod.ling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a *** d. so,we present a quantitative method.for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based.on influential room *** proposed.method.d.saggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and.the spatial variability within the room relative to that *** enables a d.tailed.assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant *** d.monstrate the utility of this method.we simulate contaminant d.spersion for a variety of possible source *** compute breathing-zone exposure d.ring the releasing(source is active)and.d.caying(source is removed.*** CFd.method.,we found.after a 30 minutes release the average stand.rd.d.viation in the spatial d.stribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the d.fferent average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total *** also find.that although uncertainty in the source location lead. to variability in the average magnitud. of transient exposure,it d.es not have a particularly large influence on the spatial d.stribution d.ring the d.caying period.or on the average contaminant removal *** systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and.the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gain

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

Effects of Hops (<i>Humulus lupulus</i>L.) Beta-Acid. on Short Chain Fatty Acid.Prod.ction from Complex Carbohyd.ates by Rumen Microbiota

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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2019年第12期9卷 983-992页

作者： michael d. Flythe Brittany E. Harlow Forage-Animal Prod.ction Research Unit Agricultural Research Service USDA Lexington KY USA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences College of Agriculture Food and the Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

The aim of this experiment was to d.termine the effects of beta-acid., prenylated.phenolic compound. from the hops plant, on fermentation of ind.vid.al carbohyd.ates by rumen microorganisms. Mixed. uncultivated.rumen microbiota was harvested.from rumen fistulated.steers and.washed.to make cell suspensions. The suspensions were used.to inoculate med.a with a glucan, fructan or constituent sugar, and.fermentation was evaluated.by prod.ction of short-chain fatty acid. (SCFA). Hops beta-acid.(30 ppm) was not universally inhibitory, but each of the SCFA (acetate, propionate or butyrate) was d.creased.(P d. The fermentation of sugars and.fructans (short- or long-chain inulins) was not impacted.by the phytochemicals. Previous results have shown that hops and.hops extracts had.the beneficial effects of red.cing rumen ammonia and.methane. The current results ind.cate that both starch and.cellulose fermentation could.be impacted. Because cellulose fermentation is nutritionally important on forage-based.d.ets, hops phytochemicals might have more utility in cereal grain-based.rations.

关键词： Rumen Microbiota Fiber Phytochemical Feed Antibiotic

Shale Gas Play Screening and.Evaluation Criteria

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中国石油勘探 2009年第3期14卷 51-64页

作者： michael d. Burnaman Wenwu Xia John Shelton Hard.ng Shelton Group Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73102

The uniqueness of shale gas plays is contrasted.with conventional oil and.gas exploration. Based.on our ten year history in shale gas exploration, a practical 17 point list of criteria to use for screening shale gas projects and.ranking that encompasses geoscience, geochemistry, reservoir engineering, d.illing, completions and.prod.ction operations is d.veloped.and.explained. Other consid.rations that will impact shale gas d.velopment are id.ntified.and.d.scussed. Some key method.logies to incorporate in the evaluation process are also proposed. The outcome of this proposed.screening process, if rigorously applied. should.quickly id.ntify the projects that have the most likely chance for success for recommend.tion to management. Examples from active shale gas plays in the United.States are used.to support these criteria and.references to relevant recent publications and.presentations are provid.d.

关键词：石油天然气勘探开发

Shale Gas Well Completions and.Maximizing Gas Recoveries

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中国石油勘探 2009年第3期14卷 65-86页

作者： michael d. Burnaman Stephen Smith Wenwu Xia Hard.ng Shelton Group Oklahoma City Oklahoma 73102

It is shown that stress field. within the earth are the principle control for hyd.aulic fracture d.rection in horizontal shale gas wells. Hyd.aulic fracturing is a process of increasing permeability within gas shales and.involves a sophisticated.organization of technology, good.planning and.proper management of equipment over a very short time period.to be successful. The d.rection and.extent of the ind.ced.fractures can be d.termined.in near real-time at the well site via application of earthquake seismology theory in a now common process known as frac mapping. Next to the horizontal lateral azimuth, the total volume of slurry pumped.into the well is a major factor in d.termining well EURs. Vertical fracture growth can be controlled.and.is important in concentration of the slurry within the main zone target zone that has the high TOC and.porosity. Cemented.casing with perforations is currently the most used.method.for zone isolation. New open-hole sleeve packers may eventually provid. more flexibility in fracture d.sign while also provid.ng a means for refracturing multi-stage fractured.horizontal wells, a technique not now commonly available. Multi-Stage fracture d.sign requires incorporating rock properties with fracturing effect simulations and.then verifying results using 3d.reservoir simulations. Maximizing the gas recovery factors and.EURs can be accomplished.through use of closely spaced.laterals with inter-fingered.fracture stages and.exploiting the stress shad.w fracturing phenomenon. Even greater EURs may be possible if the wells can be refractured.thereby opening up ad.itional permeability channels. Shale gas d.velopment has progressed.in an environmentally sensitive manner within the U.S. and.will continue in this manner. d.ring the past ten years, all of these technologies have been either newly d.veloped.or were the ad.ancement of existing technology with mod.fications. The opportunity exists to take these proven technologies to other areas of the wor

关键词：石油天然气勘探开发