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Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an indoor airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini Jr Cary A.Faulkner Wangda Zuo michael d.Sohn department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA department Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National Renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed zone models are often employed to compute indoor air quality and occupant *** effective,a potential downside to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is underpredicting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a *** such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved models,like computational-fluid dynamics methods,are used for some or all of the ***,these models have higher computational costs and require more input information.A preferred compromise would be to continue with a multi-zone modeling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a *** do so,we present a quantitative method for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based on influential room *** proposed method disaggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and the spatial variability within the room relative to that *** enables a detailed assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant *** demonstrate the utility of this method,we simulate contaminant dispersion for a variety of possible source *** compute breathing-zone exposure during the releasing(source is active)and decaying(source is removed)*** CFd methods,we found after a 30 minutes release the average standard deviation in the spatial distribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the different average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total *** also find that although uncertainty in the source location leads to variability in the average magnitude of transient exposure,it does not have a particularly large influence on the spatial distribution during the decaying period,or on the average contaminant removal *** systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gain

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

A near infrared spectroscopy calibration for the prediction of fresh grass quality on Irish pastures

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 243-253页

作者： darren J.Murphy Bernadette O’Brien michael O’donovan Tomas Condon michael d.Murphy Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreMooreparkFermoyCo.CorkIreland department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland

The aim of this study was to develop near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)calibrations to predict quality parameters,dry matter(dM,g kg1)and crude protein(CP,g kg1 dM),in fresh un-dried *** of these parameters would enable more precise allocation of quality herbage to grazing *** ryegrass samples(n=1615)were collected over the 2017 and 2018 grazing seasons at Teagasc Moorepark to develop a NIRS calibration *** samples were collected for an independent validation dataset(n=197)during the 2019 grazing *** were scanned using a FOSS 6500 spectrometer at 2 nm intervals in the range of 1100~2500 nm and absorption was recorded as log 1/Reflec*** wet chemistry analysis was carried out for both parameters and the resultant data were calibrated against spectral data by means of modified partial least squares regression.A range of mathematical spectral treatments were examined for each calibration,which were ranked in order of standard error of prediction(SEP)and ratio of percent deviation(RPd).Best performing calibrations achieved high predictive precision for dM(R2=0.86 SEP=9.46 g kg1,RPd=2.60)and moderate precision for CP(R2=0.84 SEP=20.38 g kg1 dM,RPd=2.37).These calibrations will aid the optimisation of grassland management and the development of precision agricultural technologies.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopy Fresh grass analysis Grassland management Grass quality Precision agriculture

Epidemio-Clinical Aspects of Ecrectile dysfunction in Type 2 diabetics at Abeche Chu

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 50-60页

作者： Vadandi Valentin Mahamat Ali Mahamat Minguemadji Allah Siyangar Temga Ouang michael Vounouzia Barthelemy Ndormadjita Allah Siyangar Abdelmahamoud Chene Konan Paul Gerard Rimtebaye Kimassoum Urology department University Hospital Center Abeche Chad Urology department University Hospital of National Reference N’Djamena Chad Urology department University Hospital of Renaissance N’Djamena Chad Urology department University Hospital Center Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (Ed) is a frequent complication of diabetes and more frequently affects type 2 diabetics. It is often unrecognised or its management is delayed because it is often overshadowed by other complications. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of Ed. Patients and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over an 8-month period from April to december 2021, of type 2 diabetic subjects with erectile dysfunction (Ed) seen at the University Hospital of Abeche. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEFS5). Results: Out of a total of 112 patients with type 2 diabetes, 64 agreed to take part in the study. Only 40 patients correctly completed the survey form. Of these, 34 (85%) had erectile dysfunction. On average, our patients were over 49.4 years old, and 55.9% of them had had diabetes for more than 10 years. Erectile dysfunction had affected the social life of 21 patients (61.76% of cases) and 28 (82.35%) had not been informed by a healthcare professional. Most of them, 31 cases or 91.17%, had never told their GP about their erectile dysfunction. The patients who thought that diabetes had an influence on their erectile dysfunction represented 74%. diabetes was poorly controlled in 22 patients (64.70%). According to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF5), 85% of diabetic patients suffer from erectile dysfunction, including 28.6% with severe erectile dysfunction, 35.7% with moderate erectile dysfunction and 14.3% with mild erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction was significantly more frequent in diabetics with arterial hypertension and poor diabetic control. Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of erectile dysfunction in our patients is high. Early detection of this disorder therefore remains a challenge to be met in order to organise better psychological and drug treatment.

关键词： diabetes Erectile dysfunction Screening

The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang david Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes michael S.Crossley William E.Snyder Angharad M.R.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA department of Plant Medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

Knowledge and Attitudes of Nursing Staff towards Obstetric Fistula at the Abeche University Hospital, Chad

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第5期14卷 277-281页

作者： Vadandi Valentin Mahamat Ali Mahamat Temga Ouang michael Vounouzia Barthelemy Minguemadji Allah Siyangar Ndormadjita Allah Siyangar Abdelmahamoud Chene Konan Paul Gerard Rimtebaye Kimassoum department of Urology University Hospital Center Abeche Chad department of Urology University Hospital of National Reference N&#8217Djamena Chad department of Urology University Hospital of Renaissance N&#8217Djamena Chad department of Urology University Hospital Center Abidjan Cote d&#8217Ivoire

Introduction: Prevention of obstetric fistula (OF) remains a challenge in Chad where its incidence is 464 cases/year. The present study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of nursing staff towards obstetric fistula. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study including nursing staff at the Abéché University Hospital. The survey took place from March to May 2023 and the sampling was exhaustive. data collection was done using a form including a questionnaire on sociodemographic parameters, knowledge and attitudes. Participation in the study was voluntary and individual. Results: Participation in the study was 76.11%. Emergency department staff were the most represented, followed by gynecology-obstetrics staff with 34.4% and 20.91% of cases respectively. Nurses represented 53.17% of participants followed by doctors (23.52%). An exact definition of obstetric fistula was reported by 7.84% of participants and it was partial in 80.39%. The level of knowledge of risk factors was considered good in 12.41%. Exact knowledge of clinical signs was reported by 74.5% of cases. Among the participants, 1.96% reported that the treatment of obstetric fistula is traditional. Knowledge about means of prevention was considered good by 13.72% (n = 21), and attitudes by 26.79%? Obstetric fistula knowledge was influenced by profession (doctor, p = 0.011) and attitudes by service (p = 0.004) and profession (doctor, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Obstetric fistula is a curable disease whose prevention remains possible and requires good knowledge of the disease and the promotion of safe motherhood. This study should serve as a basis for the establishment of the obstetric fistula module in the curriculum of healthcare personnel and the promotion of continuing training for its eradication.

关键词： Obstetric Fistula Knowledge Attitudes CHU-A Abeche Chad

Large Painful Bursae at Abeche Hospital: Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第5期14卷 312-316页

作者： Vadandi Valentin Mahamat Ali Mahamat Minguemadji Allah Siyangar Temga Ouang michael Vounouzia Barthelemy Ndormadjita Allah Siyangar Abdelmahamoud Chene Konan Paul Gerard Rimtebaye Kimassoum department of Urology University Hospital Center Abeche Chad department of Urology University Hospital of National Reference N&#8217Djamena Chad department of Urology University Hospital of Renaissance N&#8217Djamena Chad department of Urology University Hospital Center Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

Introduction: Acute large bursae (ALB) are a frequent reason for emergency consultations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, clinical course, treatment and evolution of ALB at Abeche University Hospital. Patients and Method: This was a 45-month cross-sectional study from January 2020 to September 2023. Male patients of any age who had been admitted to and treated for acute large bursae at the Abeche University Hospital were included. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic variables were studied. Results: Acute large bursae accounted for 7.92% of emergency admissions. The average age was 39.40 years. 60.27% of patients came from rural areas. The average consultation time was 4 days, ranging from a few hours to 18 days. The main reason for consultation was pain. Strangulated inguino-scrotal hernia was the most common, followed by acute orchi-epididymitis, accounting for 41.8% and 26% of cases respectively. Traditional treatment prior to consultation was attempted in 13.7% of cases. All patients were treated as emergencies, 41 of whom had received medical treatment. Of the patients treated surgically, orchidopexy was performed in all. Parietal suppuration and anaemia occurred in 6.2% and 4.8% of cases respectively. Conclusion: A accounts for a significant proportion of our emergency care activity. However, patients are seen with a delay, which jeopardises the functional prognosis of the testicle and intestine.

关键词： Acute Large Bursa Orchiepididymitis Torsion Spermatic Cord CHU-A

Protein-protein interface analysis of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase peptidyl carrier protein and enzymatic domains

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第2期7卷 671-682页

作者： Joshua C.Corpuz Javier O.Sanlley michael d.Burkart department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California-San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093-0358USA

Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases(NRPSs)are attractive targets for biosynthetic pathway engineering due to their modular architecture and the therapeutic relevance of their *** catalysis mediated by specific protein-protein interactions formed between the peptidyl carrier protein(PCP)and its partner enzymes,NRPS enzymology and control remains fertile ground for *** review focuses on the recent efforts within structural biology by compiling high-resolution structural data that shed light into the various protein-protein interfaces formed between the PCP and its partner enzymes,including the phosphopantetheinyl transferase(PPTase),adenylation(A)domain,condensation(C)domain,thioesterase(TE)domain and other tailoring enzymes within the *** our understanding of how the PCP recognizes partner proteins with the potential to use directed evolution and combinatorial biosynthetic methods will enhance future efforts in discovery and production of new bioactive compounds.

关键词： Natural products Protein-protein interactions Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase Peptidyl carrier protein Combinatorial biosynthesis Synthetic biology

Switchgrass sward establishment selection is consistent across multiple environments and fertilization levels

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Grassland Research 2022年第4期1卷 252-261页

作者： Neal W.Tilhou michael d.Casler department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA USdA-ARS US Dairy Forage Research CenterMadisonWisconsinUSA

Background Strong selection can occur during switchgrass sward *** in establishment selection due to environment or management could provide information on genotype-by-environment variation and could influence strategies for breeding perennial *** Leaf samples were collected before sward establishment and from 3-year-old swards for two breeding groups(lowland and hybrid)at three *** two locations,samples were collected from paired fertilized(112 kg N ha−1)and unfertilized *** frequencies from pooled dNA samples were studied through multivariate analysis of variance,genomewide trait predictions(heading date and winter survivorship),and genomically estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for individual sward survival within an independent data *** This study found only minor variations in selection due to location or *** heading dates of the hybrid population had significant changes due to fertilization and *** were strong correlations among sward establishment survival GEBVs between growing environments(hybrid r=0.77;gulf r=0.97).Interestingly,this study found a small number of genotypes that were over-represented in established swards across all growing environments.

关键词： genomic prediction grassland establishment Panicum virgatum polygenic traits selection

Ultrahigh frame rate digital light projector using chip-scale LEd-on-CMOS technology

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Photonics Research 2022年第10期10卷 2434-2446页

作者： NAVId BANI HASSAN FAHIMEH dEHKHOdA ENYUAN XIE JOHANNES HERRNSdORF michael J.STRAIN ROBERT HENdERSON MARTIN d.dAWSON Institute of Photonics Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeTechnology and Innovation CentreGlasgow G11RDUK School of Engineering Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano SystemsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JLUK

digital light projector systems are crucial components in applications,including computational imaging,fluorescence microscopy,and highly parallel data *** technology based on digital micromirror displays are limited to absolute frame rates in the few tens of kiloframes per second and require the use of external light sources and coupling ***,to realize gray-scale pixel values using duty cycle control,frame rates are reduced proportionally to the number of gray levels *** we present a self-emissive chip-scale projector system based on micro-LEd pixels directly bonded to a smart pixel CMOS drive *** 128×128 pixel array can project binary patterns at up to 0.5 Mfps and toggle between two stored frames at megahertz *** projector has a 5-bit gray-scale resolution that can be updated at up to 83 kfps,and can be held in memory as a constant bias for the binary pattern ***,the projector can be operated in a pulsed mode,with individual pixels emitting pulses down to a few nanoseconds in ***,this mode can be used in conjunction with the high-speed spatial pattern *** a demonstration of the data throughput achievable with this system,we present an optical camera communications application,exhibiting data rates of>5 Gb/s.

关键词： frame frames light