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环球科学 2024年第3期 24-31页

作者：迈克尔·d.勒莫尼克姚瑶(译) 蔡一夫(审校) 不详

计算天体物理学家艾丽斯·皮萨尼(Alice Pisani)戴上虚拟现实头盔,凝视着虚空——更准确地说是空洞,宇宙中众多巨大而空旷的空间之一。皮萨尼回忆道:“这真是太神奇了。”起初,她面前的空中盘旋着一团闪亮的光点,每个光点都代表一个星系。

关键词：天体物理学家萨尼空洞艾丽斯虚拟现实头盔宇宙光点

Utilizing multiphoton imaging and integrative clearing to reveal sex differences in neuroimmune interactions after nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2429-2430页

作者： Zachary W.Castillo michael d.Burton Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesCenter for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at Dallas

With the constant development of multiphoton microscopy,our ability to observe complex and dynamic biological processes deeper within living tissue,is steadily *** use multiphoton microscopy,because experiments can be conducted with little to no invasiveness or tissue damage over a long period of time with no photodamage(Mancuso et al.,2009).This allows for the introduction of tissue into the context of a three-dimensional 3d environment in which visualization of cellular activation and interaction is *** circumventing a distorted reconstruction with limited z-stacks,multiphoton imaging provides enhanced spatiotemporal resolution.

关键词： resolution. multiphoton distorted

The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd ditmire Sandra Bruce michael E.donovan michael C.downer dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

Improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells with cesium-doped graphene oxide interlayer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 483-490页

作者： Masaud Almalki Katerina Anagnostou Konstantinos Rogdakis Felix T.Eickemeyer Mostafa Othman Minas M.Stylianakis dimitris Tsikritzis Anwar Q.Alanazi Nikolaos Tzoganakis Lukas Pfeifer Rita Therisod Xiaoliang Mo Christian M.Wolff Aïcha Hessler-Wyser Shaik M.Zakeeruddin Hong Zhang Emmanuel Kymakis michael Grätzel Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityHeraklionCrete 71410Greece Institute of Electrical and Microengineering(IEM)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory(PV-Lab) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Neuchâtel 2000Switzerland department of Nursing Faculty of Health SciencesHellenic Mediterranean UniversityCrete 71410Greece Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Future Energy Technology Institute King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)P.O.Box 6086Riyadh 11442Saudi Arabia State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionInstitute of OptoelectronicsDepartment of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made great advances in terms of power conversion efficiency(PCE),yet their subpar stability continues to hinder their *** interface between the perovskite layer and the charge-carrier transporting layers plays a crucial role in undermining the stability of *** this work,we propose a strategy to stabilize high-performance PSCs with PCE over 23%by introducing a cesium-doped graphene oxide(GO-Cs)as an interlayer between the perovskite and hole-transporting *** GO-Cs treated PSCs exhibit excellent operational stability with a projected T80(the time where the device PCE reduces to 80%of its initial value)of 2143 h of operation at the maximum powering point under one sun illumination.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells doped graphene oxide Graphene related material Long-term operational stability

data augmentation for bias correction in mapping PM_(2.5) based on satellite retrievals and ground observations

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 17-28页

作者： Tan Mi die Tang Jianbo Fu Wen Zeng michael L.Grieneisen Zihang Zhou Fengju Jia Fumo Yang Yu Zhan College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Institute for disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610200China department of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616United States Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences ChengduSichuan 610072China Sichuan Chengdu Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center ChengduSichuan 610011China

As most air quality monitoring sites are in urban areas worldwide,machine learning models may produce substantial estimation bias in rural areas when deriving spatiotemporal distributions of air *** bias stems from the issue of dataset shift,as the density distributions of predictor variables differ greatly between urban and rural *** propose a data-augmentation approach based on the multiple imputation by chained equations(MICE-dA)to remedy the dataset shift *** with the benchmark models,MICE-dA exhibits superior predictive performance in deriving the spatiotemporal distributions of hourly PM2.5 in the megacity(Chengdu)at the foot of the Tibetan Plateau,especially for correcting the estimation bias,with the mean bias decreasing from-3.4µg/m3 to-1.6µg/*** a complement to the holdout validation,the semi-variance results show that MICE-dA decently preserves the spatial autocorrelation pattern of PM2.5 over the study *** essence of MICE-dA is strengthening the correlation between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth(AOd)during the data ***,the importance of AOd is largely enhanced for predicting PM2.5,and the summed relative importance value of the two satellite-retrieved AOd variables increases from 5.5%to 18.4%.This study resolved the puzzle that AOd exhibited relatively lower importance in local or regional *** results of this study can advance the utilization of satellite remote sensing in modeling air quality while drawing more attention to the common dataset shift problem in data-driven environmental research.

关键词： Aerosol optical depth dataset shift Spatiotemporal distribution Air quality monitoring Multiple imputation by chained equations

Functional group resolved NMR relaxation of 3-carbon adsorbates in mesoporous alumina

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第3期3卷 248-255,I0004页

作者： Neil Robinson Carmine d’Agostino michael LJohns department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia department of Chemical Engineering The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ChimicaAmbientale e Dei Materiali(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum e Universita di BolognaVia Terracini28Bologna40131Italy

NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial ***,we report two-dimensional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide *** data,acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz,12.7 MHz and 43 MHz,clearly reveal two populations in each measurement,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl moieties of each *** results expand the range of materials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and demonstrate the clear persistence of such phenomena using a range of typical benchtop NMR systems employed to study fluid-saturated porous media.

关键词： NMR relaxation Adsorption Porous media Low-field NMR

Improving modeling of low-altitude particulate matter emission and dispersion:A cotton gin case study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第11期133卷 8-22页

作者： Zijiang Yang michael N.Evans michael d.Buser Cathleen J.Hapeman Alba Torrents derek P.Whitelock department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland College Park1173 Glenn L.Martin HallCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States department of Geology University of Maryland College Park1212B Chemistry BuildingCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center 1120 Geology BuildingUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742United States United States department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceOffice of National Programs5601 Sunnyside Ave(GWCC 4–2282)BeltsvilleMaryland 20705United States United States department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceHenry A.Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center10300 Baltimore AvenueBeltsvilleMaryland 20705United States United States department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSouthwestern Cotton Ginning Research LaboratoryPO Box 578Mesilla ParkNew Mexico 88047United States

Monitoring and modeling of airborne particulate matter(PM)from low-altitude sources is becoming an important regulatory target as the adverse health consequences of PM become better ***,application of models not specifically designed for simulation of PM from low-altitude emissions may bias *** address this problem,we describe the modification and validation of an air dispersion model for the simulation of lowaltitude PM dispersion from a typical cotton ginning *** found that the regulatory recommended model(AERMOd)overestimated pollutant concentrations by factors of 64.7,6.97 and 7.44 on average for PM 2.5,PM 10,and TSP,*** concentrations were negatively correlated with height(pdistance from source(pd standard deviation of wind direction(pd positively correlated with average wind speed(pd on these results,we developed dispersion correction factors for AERMOd and cross-validated the revised model against independent observations,reducing overestimation factors to 3.75,1.52 and 1.44 for PM 2.5,PM 10 and TSP,*** reductions in model error may be obtained from use of additional observations and refinement of dispersive correction *** generally,the correction permits the validated adjustment and application of pre-existing models for risk assessment and development of remediation *** same approach may also be applied to improve simulations of other air pollutants and environmental conditions of concern.

关键词： Air quality Particulate matter Air dispersion modelling Cotton gin

Highly ductile hypereutectic Al-Si alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第15期110卷 84-95页

作者： Yafeng Yang Kang Geng Shaofu Li michael Bermingham R.d.K.Misra State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueensland 4072Australia department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El Paso500 W University AvenueEl PasoTX 79968USA

In the endeavor to maximize the refinement effect of primary Si and alleviate the inherent brittleness of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy,the approach of coating P as a modifier on powder was *** ultimate aim was to create more heterogeneous fine Al P nucleus and enhance the nucleation efficiency of primary Si on Al P to refine the coarse primary Si to nano-scale during 3d *** the combination of large undercooling and high density of nucleation sites,the size of primary Si was successfully refined to 200–300 nm and the divorced eutectic was also induced to modify the microstructure of *** the presence of nano-scale primary Si,the melting pool boundary(MPB)feature disappeared and the fracture mechanism also changed from load transfer to interfacial *** with the pristine alloy,the ductility was increased four times without significantly changing the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and wear *** improvement of ductility is attributed to the refinement of primary Si,the disappearance of MPB features and the formation of divorced *** optimal tensile properties were:UTS-482 MPa,yield strength-320 MPa and ductility of 8.1%at 0.05 wt.%*** are comparable to those for high-strength Al alloys.

关键词： Al-Si alloys Heterogeneous nucleation ductility Powder processing Selective laser melting

2023年美国麻醉医师学会神经肌肉阻滞监测与拮抗实践指南:美国麻醉医师学会工作组关于神经肌肉阻滞的报告

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中华麻醉学杂志 2024年第5期44卷 518-542页

作者： Stephan R.Thilen Wade A.Weigel michael M.Todd Richard P.dutton Cynthia A.Lien Stuart A.Grant Joseph W.Szokol Lars I.Eriksson Myron Yaster Mark d.Grant Madhulika Agarkar Anne M.Marbella Jaime F.Blanck Karen B.domino 西雅图华盛顿州明尼阿波里斯明尼苏达州达拉斯得克萨斯州密尔沃基威斯康星州教堂山北卡罗来纳州洛杉矶加利福尼亚州斯德哥尔摩瑞典丹佛科罗拉多州绍姆堡伊利诺斯州巴尔的摩马里兰州

本实践指南基于证据提供了全身麻醉期间及术后神经肌肉功能监测与阻滞拮抗的管理推荐。主要关注神经肌肉功能监测的类型与部位及阻滞拮抗的过程,以减少肌肉松弛药残留阻滞。

关键词：神经肌肉阻滞肌肉松弛药神经肌肉功能监测舒更葡糖钠新斯的明

Philippine retinoblastoma initiative multi-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph d.Tan Gary John V.Mercado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita Pamela P.Astudillo Rolando Enrique d.domingo Josept Mari S.Poblete Charmaine Grace M.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te Melissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatima G.Regala Kimberley Amanda K.Comia Josemaria M.Castro Mara Augustine S.Galang Aldous dominic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo michael Maniwan Andrei P.Martin Calvin Y.Martinez John Alfred H.Lim Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel M.Ng Kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz M.Prieto department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines department of Ophthalmology Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines department of Ophthalmology Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines department of Ophthalmology East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines department of Ophthalmology Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines department of Ophthalmology Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines department of Ophthalmology Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIM:To provide a comprehensive and more representative national data on the disease,especially on treatment options and outcomes,and to determine access of retinoblastoma patients from Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao to eye care,and determine if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastoma patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three major areas of the Philippines namely Luzon,Vizayas and Mindanao from ***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation remained long at 9(3,17)mo,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pd those from the Visayas(Pd on the International Retinoblastoma Staging System,only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the most common treatment received by 484 patients while intravenous chemotherapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastoma patients in the Philippines in terms of patients’and participating institutions’number and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents more comprehensive data on the treatments used and outcomes(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).delay in consultation was still long among patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and manage retinoblastoma in the country,the delay of consultation remains long primarily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate remain low.

关键词： retinoblastoma Philippines clinical profile