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Fredman''s epistles & songs

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Geoscience and high-level nuclear waste disposal： the Nordic scene

1000年

作者： Bellman carl michael

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 168-175页

作者： Alan Geoffrey Milnes michael B. Stephens carl-Henric Wahlgren Luesa Wikstroem GEA Consulting Grand-Rue 7C 2035 Corcelles （NE） Switzerland. Geological Survey of Sweden Box 670 75128 Uppsala Sweden. Posiva Oy 27160 Olkiluoto Finland.

In Norden, two countries, Sweden and Finland, are actively engaged in site investigations for the location of deep repositories for spent nuclear fuel from powerproducing nuclear reactors. These investigations are being carried out in crystalline rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield. In Sweden, a long history of site selection has led to the identification and investigation of two sites, Forsmark and Laxemar/Simpevarp, based on a strategy of combining favourable bedrock with consent by the local population. Surface-based geoscientific investigations of the two candidates, with extensive deep drilling, are now drawing to a close. A proposal as to which of the sites would be most suitable for the development of a deep repository will be submitted to the governmental regulatory authorities in 2009. In Finland, the site selection process was shorter and less politically controversial, and led to a ＂Decision in Principle＂ by the Finnish parliament, in May 2001, to develop a deep repository at the Olkiluoto site. The access tunnel to an underground rock characterisation facility at 400-500 m depth is at present under construction, accompanied by extensive geoscientific investigations in the subsurface. An application for a construction licence for a deep repository will be submitted in 2012. Although all sites are located in Precambrian crystalline rocks, the Swedish homogeneous granitic rocks, sites both lie in relatively whilst the Finnish site is located in an heterogeneous migmatite complex. The Nordic approach to high-level nuclear waste disposal in crystalline rock will be the theme of a Topical Symposium at the 33rd International Geological Congress at Oslo, in August 2008, and the three sites mentioned above will be the focus of Congress Excursion no. 14.

关键词：地球科学原子核核污染北欧地区

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Singapore

Singapore

Production of the Cancer-Preventive Glucoraphanin in Tobacco

作者： michael D. Barr foreword by carl A. Trocki.

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Molecular Plant 2010年第4期3卷 751-759页

作者： michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen carl Erik Olsen Barbara Ann Halkier University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Plant Biology Plant Biochemistry Laboratory VKR Research Centre for Pro-Active Plants 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark University of Copenhagen Faculty of Life Sciences Department of Basic Sciences and Environment/Bioorganic Chemistry 40 Thorvaldsensvej DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Copenhagen Denmark

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated reduced risk of developing cancer upon consumption of diets rich in cruciferous vegetables. This chemoprevention has been largely attributed to the presence of the natural products glu- cosinolates, particularly the methionine-derived glucoraphanin from broccoli. Improved nutrition by functional foods or health-promoting dietary supplements is an attractive means for prevention of lifestyle-based diseases. Towards this goal, we have engineered the glucoraphanin pathway into tobacco. First, we engineered elongation of the side chain of methionine to produce the key intermediate dihomo-methionine. This process is catalyzed through two cycles in a chain-elongation pathway that takes place partly in the cytosol and partly in the chloroplast. Second, by coupling the five enzymes of the chain-elongation pathway to eight enzymes of the glucosinolate pathway, we show production of glucoraphanin together with other glucosinolates derived from chain-elongated isoleucine and/or leucine. The conver- sion of methionine to glucoraphanin is obtained via 14 intermediates. Demonstrating the production of the high-value glucoraphanin in a heterologous host has great potential in the food and medicinal industry as a means to generate a stable, rich source of glucoraphanin for the benefit of human health.

关键词： Compartmentation secondary metabolism/natural products Agrobacterium Arabidopsis tobacco glucosinolates metabolic engineering.

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低温加氢催化剂的设计：理论与实践(英文)

物理化学学报 2010年第4期26卷 869-876页

作者：陈经广齐随涛 HUMBERT michael P MENNING carl A 朱月香 Department of Chemical Engineering Center for Catalytic Science and Technology(CCST)University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716USA 西安交通大学化工系西安710049 北京大学化学与分子工程学院北京分子科学国家实验室分子动态与稳态结构国家重点实验室北京100871

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果.首先,我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应,证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性,包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算,多晶表面的合成与表征,负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等... 详细信息

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果.首先,我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应,证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性,包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算,多晶表面的合成与表征,负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等.其次,总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应,如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢,苯的低温加氢,以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用.最后,讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.

关键词：加氢双金属催化剂金属碳化物 DFT计算

STIM1 expression is associated with osteosarcoma cell survival

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2019年第1期31卷 203-211页

作者： Jie Zang Dongqing Zuo Kristen L.Shogren carl T.Gustafson Zifei Zhou michael A Thompson Ruiwei Guo Y.S.Prakash Lichun Lu Wei Guo Avudaiappan Maran michael J.Yaszemski Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Musculoskeletal Tumor Center Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China Department of Anesthesiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Department of Cardiology Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command of PLA Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA

Objective: To examine the role of store-operated calcium entry(SOCE) and stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) in survival and migration of osteosarcoma cells and investigate what blockade of store-operated Ca^(2+)contributes to the regulation of osteosarcoma ***: First, we examined the expression levels of STIM1 in osteosarcoma cell lines by Western analysis and in tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. Second, we investigated the effect of SOCE and STIM1 on osteosarcoma cell viability using MTS assays and on cell proliferation using colony formation. Third, we investigated the role of SOCE and STIM1 in cell migration using wound healing assays and Boyden chamber assays. Finally, we studied the effect of SOCE on the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1)activity by luciferase ***: STIM1 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissue specimens and was associated with poor survival of osteosarcoma patients. Also, inhibition of SOCE and STIM1 decreased the cell viability and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, our results showed that blockade of store-operated Ca^(2+) channels involved down-regulation of NFATc1 in osteosarcoma ***: STIM1 is essential for osteosarcoma cell functions, and STIM1 and Ca^(2+) entry pathway could be further explored as molecular targets in the treatment of osteosarcoma.

关键词： Calcium NFATc1 osteosarcoma SOCE STIM1

Impact of comorbidity on waiting list and post-transplant outcomes in patients undergoing liver retransplantation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第20期9卷 884-895页

作者： Mohammad A B Al-Freah carl Moran Matthew R Foxton Kosh Agarwal Julia A Wendon Nigel D Heaton michael A Heneghan Institute of Liver Studies King’s College HospitalLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom

AIM To determine the impact of Charlson comorbidity index(CCI) on waiting list(WL) and post liver retransplantation(LRT) *** Comparative study of all adult patients assessed for primary liver transplant(PLT)(n = 1090) and patients assessed for LRT(n = 150), 2000-2007 at our centre. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded. RESULTS Median age for all patients was 53 years and 66% were men. Median model for end stage liver disease(MELD) score was 15. Median follow-up was 7- years. For retransplant patients, 84(56%) had ≥ 1 comorbidity. The most common comorbidity was renal impairment in 66(44.3%). WL mortality was higher in patients with ≥ 1 comorbidity(76% vs 53%, P = 0.044). CCI(OR = 2.688, 95%CI: 1.222-5.912, P = 0.014) was independently associated with WL mortality. Patients with MELD score ≥ 18 had inferior WL survival(LogRank 6.469, P = 0.011). On multivariate analysis,CCI(OR = 2.823, 95%CI: 1.563-5101, P = 0.001), MELD score ≥ 18(OR 2.506, 95%CI: 1.044-6.018, P = 0.04), and requirement for organ support prior to LRT(P < 0.05) were associated with reduced post-LRT survival. Donor/graft parameters were not associated with survival(P = NS). Post-LRT mortality progressively increased according to the number of transplanted grafts(Log-Rank 18.455, P < 0.001). Post-LRT patient survival at 1-, 3- and 5-years were significantly inferior to those of PLT at 88% vs 73%, P < 0.001, 81% vs 71%, P = 0.018 and 69% vs 55%, P = 0.006, respectively. CONCLUSION Comorbidity increases WL and post-LRT mortality. Patients with MELD ≥ 18 have increased WL mortality. Patients with comorbidity or MELD ≥ 18 may benefit from earlier LRT. LRT for ≥ 3 grafts may not represent appropriate use of donated grafts.

关键词： Hepatic Organ Outcome Diabetes Renal

Tumor antigen and MHC expression in glioma cells for immunotherapeutic interventions

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World Journal of Immunology 2013年第3期3卷 62-67页

作者： Christina Susanne Mullins Alexander Walter michael Schmitt carl-Friedrich Classen michael Linnebacher Pediatrics Department University Hospital Rostock 18057 Rostock Germany Department of General Surgery Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy University Hospital Rostock 18057 Rostock Germany Department Internal Medicine V University Hospital Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

AIM: To investigate the expression of tumor-antigens and major histocompatibility complex(MHC)-machinery components in glioblastoma multiforme cell lines flow cytometry staining methods were ***: Ten GBM cell lines(three commercially available: U-87 MG, U-138-MG and GMS-10 as well as seven newly established cell lines from individual patients in low-passages: HROG02, HROG04, HROG05, HROG06, HROG10, HROG13 and HROG17) were analyzed for expression of(Ⅰ) general and(Ⅱ) GBMrelated tumor antigens as well as of(Ⅲ) components of the MHC machinery by flow ***: All cell lines expressed MHC class?Ⅰ?with seven out of the ten being HLA-A02 positive. Four of the seven primary cell lines additionally expressedMHC class Ⅱ in a constitutive manner. Of note, after interferon gamma(IFN-γ) treatment, all seven cell lines expressed MHC class Ⅱ. The tumor associated antigens(TAA) EGFR and survivin were expressed at high levels in all cell lines; whereas MART-1, RHAMM, WT-1 and IL-13Rα were expressed by at least half of the cell lines and HER2/neu, MAGE-1 and tyrosinase were expressed only by few cell lines. However, all cell lines expressed at least two of the candidate antigens included into this ***: No obvious differences between commercially available and newly-established cell lines were observed. Thus, the latter in low-passages are interesting for(therapy-) screening and immunotherapeutic strategies.

关键词： Tumor antigens Glioblastoma multiforme Major histocompatibility complex molecules Tumor models Cell lines

Screening and efficacy of radical prostatectomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 441-442页

作者： michael Froehner Department of Urology University Hospital Carl GustavCarus Dresden University of Technology Fetscher-strasse 74 Dresden D-01307 Germany

I n a recently published study, the results of the Prostate Cancer Intervention ver-sus Observation Trial （PIVOT） trial were compared with that of the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 （SPCG-4）. The authors concluded that the discrepancy of the mortality rates between both studies may be explained by screen- related lead time and over-diagnosis. In this comment, some potential biases are dis- cussed and the limited applicability of the results of both randomized trials to healthy candidates for radical prostatectomy is underlined. The results of the Prostate Cancer Inter- vention versus Observation Trial （PWOT）1 raised questions on the efficacy of radical prostatectomy in men with low-risk prostate cancer. Xia and co-workers2 used simulation modeling to determine whether the reduced absolute survival benefit in the PIVOT trial1 compared with Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 43 may be explained by the high prevalence of screen-detected prostate cancers in the PIVOT study. The authors concluded that the discrepancy of the mortality rates between both studies may largdy be explained by screen-rdated lead time and over-diagnosis and should not be considered as an argument against the efficacy of radical prostatectomy even in the presence of screening. The authors emphasized that there is a subset of patients that should not be treated by radical prosta- tectomy which needs to be identified in the future,z There are further features of the PIVOT study making it appropriate to interpret the lack of survival differences in this trial with caution. With more than 30% dying of other causes by 10 years, the competing mortalityrate was three times as high as usually observed in contemporary radical prostatec- tomy series： 10%,4 4%-12%s and 11%.6 The PIVOT study sample obviously contained an over-proportionally large proportion of cases with a high risk of early competing mortality. This observation is particularly remarkable because it was as

关键词： Screening efficacy prostatectomy