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Activation of 2D Mos_(2) electrodes induced by high-rate lithiation processes

Journal of Energy chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 56-70,I0003页

作者： Tianzhu Liu Georgian Melinte Oleksandr Dolotko michael Knapp Beatriz Mendoza-sánchez Institute for Applied Materials-Energy storage systems(IAM-Ess) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344Germany Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility(KNMF) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen D-76344Germany Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy storage(HIU) Ulm 89081Germany

Mos_(2) is a highly promising material for application in lithium-ion battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity and low ***,problems with a fast capacity decay over cycling,especially at the first cycles,and poor rate performance have deterred its practical ***,electrodes comprised solely of few-layers 2D Mos_(2) nanosheets have been manufactured by scalable liquid-phase exfoliation and spray deposition *** long-standing controversy questioning the reversibility of conversion processes of Mos_(2)-based electrodes was *** studies revealed that,in 2D Mos_(2) electrodes,conversion processes are indeed reversible,where nanostructure played a key *** of the electrodes at high current rates revealed an intriguing phenomenon consisting of a continuously increasing capacity after ca.100-200 *** phenomenon was comprehensively addressed by a variety of electrochemical and microscopy methods that revealed underlying physical activation mechanisms that involved a range of profound electrode structural *** mechanisms delivered a capacitive electrode of a superior rate performance and cycling stability,as compared to the corresponding pristine electrodes,and to Mos_(2) electrodes previously ***,we have devised a methodology to overcome the problem of cycling stability of 2D Mos_(2) ***,activation of electrodes constitutes a methodology that could be applied to enhance the energy storage performance of electrodes based on other 2D nanomaterials,or combinations thereof,strategically combining chemistries to engineer electrodes of superior energy storage properties.

关键词： 2D Mos_(2) Liquid-phase exfoliation spray-deposition conversion processes Activation mechanisms Energy storage mechanisms

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construction of a novel six-gene signature to predict tumour response to induction chemotherapy and overall survival in locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 148-150页

作者： chen tan Lingwa Wang Yifan Yang shizhi He George G.chen Jason YK.chan michael cF.Tong c.A.van Hasselt Wenbin Xu Ling Feng Ru Wang Jugao Fang Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery(Ministry of Education of china) Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijing 100730China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalHongKong SAR999077China Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Basic Medical ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollageBeijing 100730China

Locoregionally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers(LA-LHcs)are traditionally treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy,which impairs speech and swallowing functions and reduces the quality of life.^(1,2)The use of induction chemotherapy(Ic)as a larynxpreserving approach for LA-LHcs has been verified and refined.^(3)However,the short-term tumor response to Ic varies,non-responders usually show poor survival and little benefit.

关键词： chemotherapy laryngeal surgery

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The anatomy, function, and development of mammalian Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 408-420页

作者： michael s. FLEMING Wenqin LUO Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19014 USA

t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. cell bodies of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors are located in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, which extend a central projection innervating the spinal cord and brain stem and a peripheral projection innervating the specialized mechanosensory end organs. These specialized mechanosensory end organs include Meissner＇s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, lanceolate endings, Merkel cells, and Ruffini corpuscles. The morphologies and physiological properties of these mechanosensory end organs and their innervating neurons have been investigated for over a century. In addition, recent advances in mouse genetics have enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Aβ low- threshold mechanoreceptors, which highlight the crucial roles of neurotrophic factor signaling and transcription factor activity in this process. Here, we will review the anatomy, physiological properties, and development of mammalian low- threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors.

关键词： mechanoreceptor Meissner's corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle lanceolate ending Merkel cell Ruffini corpuscle dorsal root ganglion

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culture and stigma of Mental Illness: Path Analysis conducted with Amos in Transcultural Psychiatry in Australia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第6期3卷 15-22页

作者： tan Kan Ku michael Ha Victoria University Institute of Technology (VUIT) St. Albans Campus Melbourne Australia Financial Mathematics Programme Department of Mathematical Sciences Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China

Aim: The study was designed to elucidate the relationships between cultural values, contact level, differential nursing practices and stigma towards mental illness among General and Psychiatric Nurses (N = 208) from Anglo and chinese backgrounds in Australia. The study results aimed at informing education disciplines, health care providers and policy makers to examine strategies that seek to diminish stigma of mental illness and to reflect on cultural sensitive issues associated with mental illness. This paper reports analyses conducted with AMOs-5 within the chinese sample (n = 84). Method: A cross-sectional survey explored a number of factors such as contact factor, cultural values (Individualism (IND), In group Role concern (IRc) and In group Interdependence (INT)), “General stigma” measured by the social Distancing (sTPP) and Negative stereotyped (DIsL) scales and how these factors might translate into nurses’ endorsement of differential care practices between two vignettes (diabetes versus mental illness), which was termed “Practice stigma”. “Practice stigma” was measured by caring Approach (cARE), Nursing satisfaction (sATI), Authoritarian stance (AUTH) and Negativity (NEGA) scales. Differential practices (DIF_cARE, DIF_sATI, DIF_AUTH and DIF_NEGA) were obtained by subtracting the diabetes case from the mental illness case. Findings: chinese nurses endorsed more highly collectivist values measured by the variables “In group Interdependence” and “In group Role concern” when compared with Anglo-Australian nurses, but there was no difference in individualist values measured by “Individualism”. chinese nurses endorsed more highly general stigma towards mental illness than Anglo nurses when statistically controlled for differences in background demographics and contact factors. chinese nurses endorsed more care/support and authoritarianism in their clinical approaches than Anglo-Australian nurses, although there was no significant interaction effect between ethnici

关键词： culture stigma Mental Illness

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Negative stereotyping Attitudes towards Mental Illness: Is It culturally Related?

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第12期3卷 32-39页

作者： tan Kan Ku michael Ha Victoria University Institute of Technology (VUIT) St. Albans Campus McKechine Street St. Albans P. O. Box 14428 Melbourne Victoria 8001 Australia Financial Mathematics Programme Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou China

Background: stigma of mental illness is often related to attitude studies in social science research, cross-cultural psychology and education in social behaviour. Majority of these studies used opinion on mental illness to examine attitudes. Method: A cross-sectional survey was presented to 208 registered nurses in Australia. Principal component analyses (with oblique rotation) were used to identify underlying dimensionality in the correlations of items for negative stereotyping attitudes. subscale score variations were analysed across nurse type and ethnicity to examine the discriminant validity of the subscales. Results: Principal component analysis (PcA) revealed one dimension accounting for 50.5% of the variations within items for negative stereotyping. Developed as scale, labelled as “Dislike Attributed to Mental Illness (DIsL)”, reliability analysis indicated high internal consistency with alpha coefficient of .93. chinese general nurses scored highest on the DIsL scale than the other three groups: chinese psychiatric nurses, Anglo general and Anglo psychiatric nurses. conclusion: Psychometric evaluation of the Dislike Attributed to Mental Illness (DIsL) indicates that it is a reliable scale for measuring negative stereotyping attitudes towards mental illness. The main statistical significance was due to nurse ethnicity.

关键词： culture stigma Mental Illness Negative stereotyping

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stigma of Mental Illness: social Distancing Attitudes among Registered Nurses in Australia

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2015年第12期3卷 40-47页

Background: stigma of mental illness is often examined in social psychology and psychiatric rehabilitation using attitude studies. Participants of these studies are among health professionals and general public members. A common measure of stigma is using validated scale which measures the opinion on mental illness. Method: A cross-sectional survey was presented to 208 registered nurses. Principal component analyses (with oblique rotation) were used to identify underlying dimensionality in the correlations of items for social distancing. subscale score variations were analysed across nurse type and ethnicity to examine the discriminant validity of the subscale. Results: Principal component analysis (PcA) revealed one dimension accounting for 43.5% of the variations within items for social distancing. Developed as scale, termed stigma towards Psychiatric Patients (sTPP), reliability analysis indicated high internal consistency with respective alpha coefficient of 0.8. chinese general nurses scored highest on social distancing than the other three groups: chinese psychiatric nurses, Anglo general and Anglo psychiatric nurses. conclusion: Psychometric evaluation of the stigma scale (sTPP) suggests it is a reliable instrument for measuring social distancing attitudes towards mental illness. The effect of ethnicity on stigmatising attitudes is not entirely accounted for by exposure to people with mental illness.

关键词： stigma Mental Illness social Distancing

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strategies for scalable symbolic execution-driven test generation for programs

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science china(Information sciences) 2011年第9期54卷 1797-1812页

作者： KRIsHNAMOORTHY saparya HsIAO michael s. LINGAPPAN Loganathan Intel corporation Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

With the advent of advanced program analysis and constraint solving techniques,several test generation tools use variants of symbolic *** techniques have been shown to be very effective in path-based test generation;however,they fail to scale to large programs due to the exponential number of paths to be *** this paper,we focus on tackling this path explosion problem and propose search strategies to achieve quick branch coverage under symbolic execution,while exploring only a fraction of paths in the *** present a reachability-guided strategy that makes use of the reachability graph of the program to explore unvisited portions of the program and a conflict-driven backtracking strategy that utilizes conflict analysis to perform nonchronological *** present experimental evidence that these strategies can significantly reduce the search space and improve the speed of test generation for programs.

关键词： test generation software testing symbolic execution path explosion conflict analysis

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Advanced computational Methods of Rapid and Rigorous 3-D Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Data

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communications in computational Physics 2008年第1期3卷 160-179页

作者： Leif H.cox michael s.Zhdanov Department of Geophysical Engineering Montana Tech of the University of Montana1300W Park StreetButteMT 59701-8997USA Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Utah135 S.1460 E.Rm 719Salt Lake CityUT 84112USA.

We develop a new computational method for modeling and inverting frequency domain airborne electromagnetic(EM)*** method is based on the contraction integral equation method for forward EM modeling and on inversion using the localized quasi-linear(LQL)approximation followed by the rigorous inversion,if *** LQL inversion serves to provide a fast image of the *** results are checked by a rigorous update of the domain electric field,allowing a more accurate calculation of the predicted *** the accuracy is poorer than desired,rigorous inversion follows,using the resulting conductivity distribution and electric field from LQL as a starting *** rigorous inversion iteratively solves the field and domain equations,converting the non-linear inversion into a series of linear *** test this method on synthetic and field *** results of the inversion are very encouraging with respect to both the speed and the accuracy of the algorithm,showing this is a useful tool for airborne EM interpretation.

关键词： computational geophysics airborne electromagnetics inversion 3-D LQL rigorous

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Increased susceptibility of aging gastric mucosa to injury:The mechanisms and clinical implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4467-4482页

作者： Andrzej s Tarnawski Amrita Ahluwalia michael K Jones University of california Irvine and the Veterans Administration Long Beach Healthcare system 5901 E. 7~(th) StreetLong BeachCA 90822-5201United States

This review updates the current views on aging gastric mucosa and the mechanisms of its increased susceptibility to injury. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that gastric mucosa of aging individuals-“aging gastropathy”-has prominent structural and functional abnormalities vs young gastric mucosa. some of these abnormalities include a partial atrophy of gastric glands, impaired mucosal defense (reduced bicarbonate and prostaglandin generation, decreased sensory innervation), increased susceptibility to injury by a variety of damaging agents such as ethanol, aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NsAIDs), impaired healing of injury and reduced therapeutic efficacy of ulcer-healing drugs. Detailed analysis of the above changes indicates that the following events occur in aging gastric mucosa: reduced mucosal blood flow and impaired oxygen delivery cause hypoxia, which leads to activation of the early growth response-1 (egr-1) transcription factor. Activation of egr-1, in turn, upregulates the dual specificity phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) resulting in activation of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and caspase-9 and reduced expression of the anti-apoptosis protein, survivin. The imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptosis mediators results in increased apoptosis and increased susceptibility to injury. This paradigm has human relevance since increased expression of PTEN and reduced expression of survivin were demonstrated in gastric mucosa of aging individuals. Other potential mechanisms operating in aging gastric mucosa include reduced telomerase activity, increase in replicative cellular senescence, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and importin-α-a nuclear transport protein essential for transport of transcription factors to nucleus. Aging gastropathy is an important and clinically relevant issue because of: (1) an aging world population due to prolonged

关键词： Aging gastric mucosa Injury Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten-PTEN survivin Apoptosis Hypoxia

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Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第13期26卷 1394-1426页

作者： Florian Bürtin christina s Mullins michael Linnebacher Department of General VisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Department of Thoracic surgery University Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy Department of GeneralVisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockRostock 18057Germany

colorectal cancer(cRc)is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in the United states as well as in the European *** the incidence and mortality rates in western,high developed countries are declining,reflecting the success of screening programs and improved treatment regimen,a rise of the overall global cRc burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development *** a growing insight into the biology of cRc and many therapeutic improvements in the recent decades,preclinical in vivo models are still indispensable for the development of new treatment *** the development of carcinogen-induced rodent models for cRc more than 80 years ago,a plethora of animal models has been established to study colon cancer *** tenuous invasiveness and metastatic behavior,these models are useful for chemoprevention studies and to evaluate colitis-related *** engineered mouse models(GEMM)mirror the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as inherited cRc depending on the specific molecular pathways activated or *** the vast majority of cRc GEMM lack invasiveness,metastasis and tumor heterogeneity,they still have proven useful for examination of the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic immune responses;thus,supporting development of new therapeutic *** of metastatic disease by orthotopic injection of cRc cell lines is possible,but the so generated models lack genetic diversity and the number of suited cell lines is very ***-derived xenografts,in contrast,maintain the pathological and molecular characteristics of the individual patient's cRc after subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice and are therefore most reliable for preclinical drug development–even in comparison to GEMM or cell line-based ***,subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft models are less suitable for studying most aspects of the tumor micr

关键词： colorectal cancer Mouse models Patient-derived xenografts carcinogen-induced models Genetically engineered mouse models Preclinical drug development

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