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The impact of Gunnera tinctoria(Molina)Mirbel invasions on soil seed bank communities

Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第3期2卷 153-167页

作者： Margherita Gioria bruce Osborne UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Aims In recent years,there has been an increasing interest in the impact of invasive alien plant species on the soil seed *** seed banks play an important role in determining the composition and dynamics of the vegetation through ***,an ability to form a persistent seed bank and/or a capacity to alter the structure of the seed bank of invaded communities could be important factors in determining the success of many alien plant *** this study,w. report on a detailed assessment of the characteristics of the seed bank community associated w.th the herbaceous plant invader,Gunnera tinctoria,a new.y emerging and potentially globally significant invasive plant *** species,native to South America,is invasive in a range of w.t habitats in Europe,Australasia and the *** A comprehensive assessment of the seed bank of invaded and comparable uninvaded areas w.s made at tw. points in time(May and October),at three sites in w.stern *** seedling emergence approach w.s used to assess the structure(diversity,dominance and abundance)of the soil seed *** betw.en invaded and uninvaded seed bank communities w.re investigated at the spatial scales of site,plot and *** Findings Gunnera tinctoria formed a large persistent seed bank at the study *** 30000 seedlings per square metre emerged from soils collected from invaded areas,of w.ich 30%w.re found in deep soil *** of this invader represented 53–86%of the total number of seedlings associated w.th invaded *** the transient and the more persistent component of the seed bank of invaded communities w.re significantly less diverse and abundant than those of uninvaded areas,and w.re characterized by higher dominance,even w.en seedlings of the invader w.re not included in the *** seed bank of invaded areas w.s largely composed of seeds of agricultural w.eds in addition to those of the *** results suggest that ***

关键词： invasive species soil seed bank diversity dominance Gunnera tinctoria

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A Systematic Review.of the Environmental Impacts of GM Crop Cultivation as Reported from 2006 to 2011

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 28-44页

作者： Oliver Knox Clare hall Alistair McVittie Robin w.lker bruce Knight Innovation Management Cambridgeshire UK Scotland’s Rural College Aberdeen UK Scotland’s Rural College Edinburgh UK

The current generation of genetically modified crops have show. potential to enhance agricultural productivity and alter farm production economics, but there remains global divergence in adoption of the technology due in part to uncertainty in the underlying science. In an attempt to address this, a systematic review.w.s undertaken, w.ich asked the question “w.at are the environmental impacts of the global cultivation of GM crops?” A database search statement generated over 19000 hits, w.ich distilled dow. to 28 articles from w.ich data w.s recovered to generate a set of R values, w.ere R w.s the ratio of the GM divided by the conventional field data. Meta-analysis of this data indicated that under GM R had significantly increased from a background level of 1 to a mean value of 1.31. This increase in R, although positive, is not indicative of an environmental benefit due to the difficulty in assigning either benefits or disadvantages to the many indicators that w.re encompassed w.thin the review. Subsequent regression analysis indicated that there w.s no standard model to explain the observed variation in R values. How.ver, in models for both cotton and maize, variables relating to the design of the study had a significant effect, but these variables w.re not related to trait or gene insertion and w.re generally either year, country or change in cultivation practice in origin. Narrative analysis of the authors published interpretations indicated GM had no adverse effects in 85% of papers, 10% reported a beneficial effect and only 5% a deleterious impact. The conclusion of this study is that GM adoption has had an impact on its environment, but that the underlying cause of this impact is not due to the genetic modification and the effect on the environment is generally seen as not being adverse.

关键词： GM Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Environmental Indicators

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CNN and MLP neural netw.rk ensembles for packet classification and adversary defense

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Intelligent and Converged Netw.rks 2021年第1期2卷 66-82页

作者： bruce Hartpence Andres Kw.sinski the GCCIS i-School at the Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNew YorkNY 14623USA the Department of Computer Engineering KGCOE at the Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNew YorkNY 14623USA

Machine learning techniques such as artificial neural netw.rks are seeing increased use in the examination of communication netw.rk research *** to many of these research questions is the need to classify packets and improve ***-Layer Perceptron(MLP)neural netw.rks and Convolutional Neural Netw.rks(CNNs)have been used to successfully identify individual ***,some datasets create instability in neural netw.rk *** learning can also be subject to data injection and misclassification *** addition,w.en attempting to address complex communication netw.rk challenges,extremely high classification accuracy is *** netw.rk ensembles can w.rk tow.rds minimizing or even eliminating some of these problems by comparing results from multiple *** ensembles tuning,training time can be reduced,and a viable and effective architecture can be *** of their effectiveness,ensembles can be utilized to defend against data poisoning attacks attempting to create classification *** this w.rk,ensemble tuning and several voting strategies are explored that consistently result in classification accuracy above 99%.In addition,ensembles are show. to be effective against these types of attack by maintaining accuracy above 98%.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Netw.rk(CNN) Multi-Layer Perception(MLP) ensemble classification adversary

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The Strength of Association:Pursuing Life long Academic and Professional Development

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中国新闻传播研究 2020年第1期 229-231页

作者： michael D.bruce University of Alabama

On November 3,2019,I w.s honored w.th the opportunity to deliver a keynote speech at the annual conference of the Broadcast and New.Media Research Association(BNMR).I am thankful for the hospitality and w.rm w.lcome I received from the BNMR attendees and our hosts at Jiangsu Normal *** the theme of the conference w.s Innovation and Convergence:Development of Broadcast and Television in the Age of Media Intelligence.

关键词： Academic thank Professional

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A semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第5期28卷 721-727页

作者： Onur Vardar Chengguo Zhang Ismet Canbulat bruce Hebblew.ite School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering University of New South Wales

Safety is the highest priority in the mining industry as underground mining in particular poses high safety risks to its w.rkers. In underground coal mines, coal bursts are one of the most catastrophic hazards, w.ich involves sudden and violent dynamic coal mass failure w.th rapid ejection of the broken material into the mine w.rkings. Despite decades of research, the contributing mechanisms of coal bursts are still not completely understood. Hence, it remains challenging to forecast coal bursts and quantify their likelihood of occurrence. How.ver, a range of geological and geotechnical factors are associated w.th coal bursts and can increase the coal burst proneness. This paper introduces a semi-quantitative coal burst risk classification system, namely, BurstRisk. Based on back-analysis of case histories from Australia, China and the United States, BurstRisk classifies the coal burst risk into three categories:low. medium and high risk. In addition, it allow. mining engineers to modify the w.ighting of the selected factors based on specific conditions. The risk classification charts introduced are for both longw.ll retreat and development sections of long-w.ll mining operations. This paper also provides a set of risk management strategies and control measures for effective coal burst mitigation.

关键词： Underground coal mining Coal burst Rockburst Risk management Safety Semi-quantitative

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Dietary stimulation of the endogenous somatotropic axis in w.aner and grow.rfinisher pigs using medium chain triglycerides and cysteamine hydrochloride

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 405-416页

作者： David w.Miller Zoe Prosser Edw.rd Y.w.Chee Christian F.Hansen Frank R.Dunshea bruce P.Mullan John R.Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Large Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGroennegaardsvej 21870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Melbourne School of Land and Environment University of MelbourneParkvilleVlC 3051Australia Department of Agriculture and Food w.stern Australia Bentley Delivery CenterLocked Bag4BentleyWA 6983Australia

Background： Three experiments w.re conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（MCT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（CSH） into the diets of young and grow.ng pigs w.uld stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve grow.h and ***： In Experiment 1, w.aner pigs w.re given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT（n = 8） or a control diet（n = 8）. MCT increased the plasma concentration of grow.h hormone（GH; P ＆lt; 0.05） and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring（P ＆lt; 0.05）, maintained villous height in the small intestine（P ＆lt; 0.05） and stabilised daily w.ight gain（P ＆lt; 0.05）, compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels（0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v） of MCT supplementation in grow.r-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live w.ight（n = 15 per treatment）. Blood samples taken after 7 w. of treatment show.d that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.001）, GH（P ＆lt; 0.01） and insulin（P ＆lt; 0.05）concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily w.ight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio w.re not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live w.ight w.re allocated to one of three dietary treatments： control（n = 20）; 6 % MCT（n = 21）; and 70 mg/kg CSH（n = 21）. After 3 w. of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Plasma concentrations of GH and w.ight w.re not affected by any of the dietary ***： Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathw.ys, to minimise w.aning-associated disorders such as slow.ng of grow.h and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there w.s no effect on w.ight gain or feed conversion ratio in either experiment, MCT and CSH incr

关键词： Ghrelin Grow.h Pig Somatotropin

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Fast Arithmetics Using Chinese Remaindering

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China Communications 2007年第4期4卷 45-47页

作者： George Davida bruce Litow Department of EE & CS University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeWIUSA School of Information Technology James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAus-tralia

In this paper,some issues concerning the Chinese remaindering representation are discussed.A new.converting method is described. An efficient refinement of the division algorithm of Chiu,Davida and Litow.is given.

关键词： w.ll NCI Fast Arithmetics Using Chinese Remaindering 一刀

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