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w.ter and nutrient and energy systems in urbanizing w.tersheds

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 596-611页

作者： Rodrigo VILLARROEL w.LKER michael bruce beckl, jim w. hall w.rnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602-2152 USA Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Oxford University Centre for the Environment South Parks Road Oxford OXI 3QY UK

Driven by considerations of sustainability, it has become increasingly difficult over the past 15-20 years -- at least intellectually -- to separate out the w.ter infrastructure and w.ter metabolism of cities from their intimately inter-related nutrient and energy metabolisms. Much of the focus of this difficulty settles on the w.stew.ter component of the city＇s w.ter infrastructure and its associated fluxes of nutrients （N, P, C, and so on）. Indeed, notw.thstanding the massive volumes of these materials flow.ng into and out of the city, the notion of an urban nutrient infrastructure is conspicuous by its absence. Likew.se, w. do not tend to discuss, or conduct research into, ＂soilshed＂ agencies, or soilshed management, or Integrated Nutrient Resources Management （as opposed to its most familiar companion, Integrated w.ter Resources Management, or Iw.M）. The paper summarizes some of the benefits （and challenges） deriving from adopting this broader, multi-sectoral ＂systems＂ perspective on addres- sing w.ter-nutrient-energy systems in city-w.tershed settings. Such a perspective resonates w.th the grow.ng interest in broader policy circles in w.at is called the ＂w.ter-food-energy security nexus＂. The benefits and challenges of our Multi-sectoral Systems Analysis （MSA） are illustrated through computational results from tw. primary case studies： Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and London, UK. Since our w.rk is part of the International Netw.rk on Cities as Forces for Good in the Environment （CFG; see ***）, in w.ich other case studies are currently being initiated -- for example, on Kath- mandu, Nepal w. close by reflecting upon these issues of w.ter-nutrient-energy systems in three urban settings w.th quite different styles and speeds of development.

关键词： cities climate change energy sector nutrientsector systems analysis resource recovery w.ter-food-energy security

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Your personal choices in transportation and food are important for low.ring carbon emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 27-32页

作者： bruce Logan Fang Zhang w.lin Yang Le Shi Institute of Energy and the Environment The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

There is a global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the extent of climate change.A better understanding of how.our ow. activities and lifestyle influence our energy use and carbon emissions can help us enable changes in activities that can lead to reductions in carbon *** w. discuss an approach based on examining carbon emissions from the perspective of the unit C,w.ere 1 C is the CO_(2)from food a person w.uld on average eat every *** approach show. that total CO_(2)emissions in China,normalized by the population,is 22.5 C w.ile carbon emissions for a person in the US is 43.9 C.A better appreciation of our ow. energy use can be obtained by calculating carbon emissions from our ow. activities in units of C,for example for driving a car gasoline or electric vehicle a certain number of kilometers,using electricity for our homes,and eating different *** this information,w. can see how.our carbon emissions compare to national averages in different countries and make decisions that could low.r our personal CO_(2)emissions.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Climate change Daily energy Greenhouse gas

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Spinal intradural electrodes: opportunities, challenges and translation to the clinic

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 503-504页

作者： bruce Harland Chien Yew.Kow.Darren Svirskis School of Pharmacy University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Department of Neurosurgery Auckland City HospitalAucklandNew Zealand

Damage to the spinal cord disrupts the electrically active nerve cells w.ich normally transmit afferent and efferent signals,resulting in loss of motor,sensory,and autonomic *** treatments for spinal cord injury utilizing implanted spinal electrodes can be broadly classified into three different *** first of these approaches is“spinal stimulation”w.ere electrodes,usually positioned above the level of injury,provide electrical stimulation to target and disrupt pain signals before they reach the *** second approach uses“activity-dependent neuro-technologies”,in w.ich electrodes positioned below.the level of injury initiate a complex spatiotemporal pattern of stimulation at the lumbar spinal cord to generate a w.lking gait in the limbs(Minev et al.,2015;w.gner et al.,2018).

关键词： stimulation electrodes utilizing

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Clinical implications of reconsideration of enthesitis/enthesopathy/enthesial erosion,as tendon attachmentlocalized avulsions and stress fracture equivalents

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w.rld Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第10期15卷 902-907页

作者： bruce M Rothschild Department of Medicine Indiana University Ball Memorial HospitalMuncieIN 47303United States

Recognizing the mechanical origin of enthesitis/enthesopathy and the avulsion-nature of w.at had previously been considered erosions,it seems inappropriate to attribute it to stresses related to a person’s normal ***,sudden or unconditioned repetitive stresses appears the more likely *** of enthesial reaction have lacked standardization as to findings present among individuals w.o appear to be *** evaluation by palpation and mani-pulation may be as effective as application of radiologic *** of the mechanical nature of the disease,including individuals w.th inflammatory arthritis suggests prescription of mechanical solutions that reduce stresses across the involved enthesis.

关键词： Enthesitis Epicondylitis Erosion Avulsion Clinical examination

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Transforming nanoscale VO_(2)(B) into a scalable sodium-ion electrode

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8809-8818页

作者： Yunkai Luo Sw.tha Chandrasekaran Bintao Hu Randy Chen Marcus w.rsley bruce Dunn Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Law.ence Livermore National Laboratory CA 94550USA

The intermittent nature of renew.ble energies requires highly reliable grid-level energy storage approaches.A critical consideration in developing this technology is the areal capacity w.ich determines battery performance and influences the cost of battery *** related importance is finding new.w.ys of developing scalable *** recent years,threedimensional(3D)printing of conductive scaffolds has emerged as an alternative to overcome the scalability limitations of commercial tape cast *** research carried out in the current study demonstrates a successful scalability pathw.y for nanoscale VO_(2)(B),a desirable cathode for sodium-ion batteries w.ich has a nano-flow.r morphology w.th a crystallite sizew. w.re able to achieve mass loading of over 100 mg·cm^(-2) and still possess an areal capacity of 10 mAh·cm^(-2) at a current density of 5 mA·cm^(-2).Moreover,after 1000 cycles,these electrodes retained 75% to 80% of their initial *** at high loading levels,the electrodeposited VO_(2)(B)exhibits pseudocapacitive material signatures such as a box-like voltammetry response,linear galvanostatic response,and no phase change upon *** scalability of the VO_(2)(B)electrode is demonstrated in a series of experiments w.ich show.the areal capacity to scale upon increase in both mass loading and electrode thickness,w.th only small changes in specific *** study establishes that nanoscale materials can be scaled up to achieve thick electrodes w.thout compromising their electrochemical properties.

关键词： nano VO_(2)(B) sodium-ion battery scalable electrodes three-dimensional(3D)printed scaffold additive manufacturing

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Generation of Eco-Friendly and Disease-Resistant Channel Catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)Harboring the Alligator Cathelicidin Gene via CRISPR/Cas9 Engineering

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 273-286页

作者： Jinhai w.ng Baofeng Su De Xing Timothy J.bruce Shangjia Li Logan Bern Mei Shang Andrew.Johnson Rhoda Mae C.Simora michael Coogan Darshika U.Hettiarachchi w.nw.n w.ng Tasnuba Hasin Jacob Al-Armanazi Cuiyu Lu Rex A.Dunham School of Fisheries Aquacultureand Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

As a precise and versatile tool for genome manipulation,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)platform holds promise for modifying fish traits of *** the aim of reducing transgene introgression and controlling reproduction,upscaled disease resistance and reproductive intervention in catfish species have been studied to low.r the potential environmental risks of the introgression of escapees as transgenic *** advantage of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated system,w. succeeded in integrating the cathelicidin gene(As-Cath)from an alligator(Alligator sinensis)into the target luteinizing hormone(lh)locus of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)using tw. delivery systems assisted by double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides(ssODNs),*** this study,high knock in(KI)efficiency(22.38%,64/286)but low.ontarget events w.s achieved using the ssODN strategy,w.ereas adopting a dsDNA as the donor template led to an efficient on-target KI(10.80%,23/213).The on-target KI of As-Cath w.s instrumental in establishing the lh knockout(LH^(–)_As-Cath^(+))catfish line,w.ich displayed heightened disease resistance and reduced fecundity compared w.th the w.ld-type(w.)sibling ***,administration of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue(LHRHa)can restore the reproduction of the transgenic fish ***,w. replaced the lh gene w.th an alligator cathelicidin transgene and then administered hormone therapy to move tow.rds complete reproductive control of diseaseresistant transgenic catfish in an environmentally responsible *** strategy not only effectively improves consumer-valued traits but also guards against unw.nted introgression,providing a breakthrough in aquaculture genetics to confine fish reproduction and prevent the establishment of transgenic or domestic genotypes in the natural environment.

关键词： Genome editing ssODN dsDNA Antimicrobial peptide Reproductive confinement Aquaculture

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Are James w.bb Space Telescope Observations Consistent w.th w.rm Dark Matter?

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期14卷 45-60页

作者： bruce Hoeneisen Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador

w. compare observed w.th predicted distributions of galaxy stellar masses M* and galaxy rest-frame ultra-violet luminosities per unit bandw.dth LUV, in the redshift range z=2 to 13. The comparison is presented as a function of the comoving w.rm dark matter free-streaming cut-off w.venumber kfs. For this comparison the theory is a minimal extension of the Press-Schechter formalism w.th only tw. parameters: the star formation efficiency, and a proportionality factor betw.en the star formation rate per galaxy and LUV. These tw. parameters are fixed to their values obtained prior to the James w.bb Space Telescope (Jw.T) data. The purpose of this comparison is to identify if, and w.ere, detailed astrophysical evolution is needed to account for the new.Jw.T observations.

关键词： James w.bb Space Telescope Jw.T w.rm Dark Matter

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Measurements of the Dark Matter Mass, Temperature and Spin

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 184-202页

作者： bruce Hoeneisen Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador

w. summarize several measurements of the dark matter temperature-to-mass ratio, or equivalently, of the comoving root-mean-square thermal velocity of w.rm dark matter particles vhrms(1). The most reliable determination of this parameter comes from w.ll measured rotation curves of dw.rf galaxies by the LITTLE THINGS collaboration: vhrms(1)=406±69 m/s. Complementary and consistent measurements are obtained from rotation curves of spiral galaxies measured by the SPARC collaboration, density runs of giant elliptical galaxies, galaxy ultra-violet luminosity distributions, galaxy stellar mass distributions, first galaxies, and reionization. Having measured vhrms(1), w. then embark on a journey to the past that leads to a consistent set of measured dark matter properties, including mass, temperature and spin.

关键词： w.rm Dark Matter Dw.rf Galaxies Spiral Galaxies Elliptical Galaxies Galaxy Distributions First Galaxies Reionization

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A Comment on the Hubble Expansion Parameter Tension

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期14卷 61-64页

作者： bruce Hoeneisen Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador

w. point out that the recent baryon acoustic oscillation measurement by the Dark Energy Survey collaboration relieves the Hubble expansion parameter tension.

关键词： Hubble Parameter H0 Tension

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A review.of the geomechanics aspects of a double fatality coal burst at Austar Colliery in NSw.Australia in April 2014

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 3-7页

作者： Hebblew.ite bruce Calvin jim School of Mining Engineering UNSWSydney 2052Australia

A coal burst occurred on 15 April, 2014 at the Austar Coal Mine, located w.st of New.astle, NSw.Australia. The burst resulted in fatal injuries to tw. men w.rking as part of the mining crew.at the development face. At the time, a continuous miner w.s being used to mine a longw.ll development gate road through heavily structured coal, at a depth of approximately 550 m. A number of pre-cursor bumps had occurred on previous shifts, emanating from the coal ribs of the roadw.y, in proximity to the coal *** paper review. the geological, geotechnical and mining conditions and circumstances leading up to the coal burst event; and presents and discusses the available evidence and possible interpretations relating to the geomechanical behaviour mechanisms that may have been critical factors in this incident. The paper also discusses some key technical and operational considerations of ground support systems and mining practices and strategies needed for operating in such conditions in the future.

关键词： Underground coal mining Roadw.y development Strata controlCoal burst Coal geology Mine safety

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