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Correlation of the Concepts of Proactiveness and Due Diligence to Achieve Sustainability in the Maritime Sector

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 33-42页

作者： michael boviatsis Georgios Vlachos Department of Maritime Studies University of PiraeusPiraeus 18534Greece

The present status of our planet,with global warming and unprecedented changes in the climate,has led the shipping industry to incorporate the concept of *** in the shipping industry is a holistic management concept for sustainable development,applied to the shipping sector,integrating environmental and social *** final aim of sustainability in shipping is to establish an emission-free industry while executing more than 95%of global *** achieve this,specific methods and procedures are being *** this paper,the correlation between the concepts of proactiveness and due diligence will be assessed to explore and evaluate if or should there be a strong link between those concepts to achieve *** the paper’s analysis,it is evident that there is a continuous and impactful correlation between those three ***,the methods and systems provided can effectively lead the shipping sector into a sustainable and emission-free future.

关键词： Sustainability proactiveness compliance due diligence duty of care 5 Ps B2B

Evaluation of Environmental Impact Assessment Factors in Maritime Industry

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2022年第1期11卷 18-23页

作者： Georgios Daniil michael boviatsis Department of Maritime Studies University of PiraeusPiraeus 18534Greece

The environmental impact of shipping sector includes the pollution caused by vessels to air and water *** water pollution is primarily caused by ship accidents and by untreated ballast *** avoid maritime accidents,a complex system of regulations and safety management measures has been initiated to minimize and possibly avoid similar maritime disasters in the *** the other hand,untreated ballast water,despite the ease of management by shipping companies,is regarded as one of the major maritime threats internationally and arguably a severe threat to *** International Convention on the Control and Management of Ballast of Ships and Sediments,entered into force in September 2017,focusing on the prevention of the risk of importation and the proliferation of foreign species after the discharge of untreated ballast water from *** option to reduce this risk is to install water treatment systems on the ballast *** pollution deriving from vessels is an additional issue that has great significance and impact on public health and the environment in *** emit large amounts of air pollutants,mainly in the form of SO_(x)(Sulfur O_(x)ide),NO_(x)(Nitrogen O_(x)ide)and particulate matter,which are constantly growing and affecting *** also produce nearly 3%of the world’s total greenhouse gas emissions,leading to rampant weather *** 1 January 2020,the IMO(International Maritime Organization)imposed a new global sulfur emission ceiling of 0.5%on fuels,a reduction from the current limit of 3.5%,aiming at a gradual extinction of sulfur emissions in the near *** to the previous analysis,three systems/indicators that are applied to vessels are going to be assessed,based on UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)Report Data,to evaluate their impact in correlation to the measure of compliance to the relevant regulations so far:(i)the ship must have an equipped and installed ballast

关键词： Water&air pollution ballast water management system and convention NO_(x)emissions SO_(x)emission

Implementing the Ballast Water Management Convention in Shipping Practice:Emerging Threats,Operational Issues and Solutions

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 53-60页

作者： michael boviatsis Dionisios Polemis Vasileios Tselentis Department of Maritime Studies University of PiraeusPiraeus 18534Greece

Since the new BWM(Ballast Water Management)Convention entered into force in 2017,the ballast water should be cleansed of any harmful aquatic organisms,pathogens,wastes or even bacteria before being released into a new aquatic *** this purpose,the ships are required to carry(i)a BMW plan with detailed descriptions upon the implementation of the Convention’s requirements,(ii)a ballast water record book,clearly stating the release spots and stations of ballast water,and(iii)an International Water Management Certificate,stating if the ship should abide the D-1 or D-2 *** research questions of this paper are,(i)should these standards apply when ballast water is released into more aggressive aquatic environments than the one where the outgoing ballast was collected?(ii)how will a port authority be able to enforce the Convention’s rules when the water release happens in open waters and how can a vessel be criminalized?(iii)are the Port Facilities prepared and equipped in a global spectrum with the necessary tools to handle the ships’demand for wastewater unloading?(iv)how can the emerging operational issues be dealt with effectively?

关键词： BWM Convention BWM plan BWM record book BWM aquatic(bio)map

An Assessment of the Most Sustainable Marine Fuel Based on the Present Regulatory Framework and Future Trends

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 43-52页

作者： michael boviatsis Dionisios Polemis Aristotelis Alexopoulos Department of Maritime Studies University of PiraeusPiraeus 18534Greece Directorate of Environment Municipality of Palaio FaliroArtemidos&Laki Santa 17561Greece

Since the decrease of the global sulfur limit from 3.5%to 0.5%by the IMO(International Maritime Organization)on January 1,2020,the shipowners and carriers are obliged to elect between the three available options to comply with the present regulatory *** first available option is utilising exhaust gas cleaning systems called“scrubbers”.By using these filters,the vessels can burn high sulfur *** contrast,the sulfur surplus and other dangerous chemicals are evaporated by spraying alkaline water via an open-loop,closed-loop or hybrid *** other option is using LNG(liquefied natural gas)as fuel,a viable option connected with the constant expansion of the global LNG supply infrastructure ***,this network is yet in its developing ***,the majority of the LNG vessels are primarily coastal vessels operated in European waters,and many supply ports worldwide have not yet developed full-scale LNG supply facilities and proper equipment is not yet ***,ammonia is another potential candidate as zero carbon fuel,but its utilization as a sustainable marine fuel in marine industry is currently under ***,at present the final option is the utilisation of conventional fuels,low on sulfur emissions,such as MGO(marine gasoil)and ULSFO(ultra low sulphur fuel oil).The primary issue is the availability and the cost of those fuels,with the refiners being unable to forecast if they should produce more low-sulfur fuels to meet potentially higher *** the comparative analysis of those options their viability will be evaluated,and a thorough proposal for their utilisation will be provided.

关键词： IMO 2020 Low Sulfur Cap scrubbers LNG fuel MGO ULSFO Ammonia

Evaluation of the Impact of the Present Ship Recycling Regulations by Assessing the Most Prominent Shipbreaking Countries in the Shipping Industry

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 61-68页

作者： michael boviatsis Aristotelis Alexopoulos Dionisios Polemis Department of Maritime Studies University of PiraeusPiraeus 18534Greece Directorate of Environment Municipality of Palaio FaliroArtemidos&Laki Santa 17561Greece

Scrapping market is unique in many *** value of its products is more affected by international trade than by shipping economic *** are many regulations for the environmentally friendly dismantling of *** recycling is the eco-friendly method of ship dismantling,and it is governed by a set of rules,namely:(a)HKC(Hong Kong Convention)on Ship Recycling of 2009,prepared by IMO(International Maritime Organization),(b)UN(United Nations)B.C.(Basel Convention)of 1989 and(c)*** Shipment Regulation of *** this polyphony in legislation,no clear set of rules has been uniformly applied yet,resulting in institutional discontinuities which shipowners often *** this paper,a case study analysis of the most major shipbreaking countries will be conducted to evaluate the impact of the present regulatory framework and assess if the enactment of the legislation affected the shipping practice.

关键词： SRC UN Basel Convention E.U.Waste Shipment Regulation Ship Recycling