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Machine learning algorithm using publicly available echo database for simplified“visual estimation”of left ventricular ejection fraction

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2022年第2期12卷 16-25页

作者： michael blaivas Laura blaivas Department of Medicine University of South Carolina School of MedicineRoswellGA 30076United States Department of Environmental Science Michigan State UniversityRoswellGeorgia 30076United States

BACKGROUND Left ventricular ejection fraction calculation automation typically requires complex algorithms and is dependent of optimal visualization and tracing of endocardial *** significantly limits usability in bedside clinical applications,where ultrasound automation is needed *** To create a simple deep learning(DL)regression-type algorithm to visually estimate left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction(EF)from a public database of actual patient echo examinations and compare results to echocardiography laboratory EF *** A simple DL architecture previously proven to perform well on ultrasound image analysis,VGG16,was utilized as a base architecture running within a long short term memory algorithm for sequential image(video)*** obtaining permission to use the Stanford EchoNet-Dynamic database,researchers randomly removed approximately 15%of the approximately 10036 echo apical 4-chamber videos for later performance *** database echo examinations were read as part of comprehensive echocardiography study performance and were coupled with EF,end systolic and diastolic volumes,key frames and coordinates for LV endocardial tracing in csv *** better reflect point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)clinical settings and time pressure,the algorithm was trained on echo video correlated with calculated ejection fraction without incorporating additional volume,measurement and coordinate *** percent of the original data was used for algorithm training and 15%for validation during *** previously randomly separated 15%(1263 echo videos)was used for algorithm performance testing after training *** the inherent variability of echo EF measurement and field standards for evaluating algorithm accuracy,mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE)calculations were made on algorithm EF results compared to Echo Lab calculated ***-Atlman calculation was also *** for skilled echocardiographe

关键词： Deep learning Artificial intelligence Point-of-care-ultrasound Ejection fraction Cardiac Echocardiography

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Update on point of care ultrasound in the care of the critically ill patient

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2012年第4期1卷 102-105页

作者： michael blaivas Department of Emergency Medicine Northside Hospital ForsythAtlanta GE 30041 United StatesMDSeries Editor

One of the most exciting developments to come to the aid of the critically ill patient in recent years is not new at all, but rather has been repackaged and evolved to a level where point-of-care use by critical care physicians has been made possible. Critical care or point-of-care ultrasound dates back more than twenty years, but has come to prominence in the last 5 years and is spreading quickly. Multiple critical care societies have taken up ultrasound policy and training and one organization has been formed that concentrates only on point-of-care ultrasound in critical settings and interventions. The amount of literature generated on the topic is increasing rapidly and hardly a major clinical journal exists that has not published ultrasound related topics.

关键词： Critical care Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Resuscitation Cardiac Echocardiography

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How to perform gastrointestinal ultrasound: anatomy and normal findings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第38期23卷 6931-6941页

作者： Nathan S S Atkinson Robert V Bryant Yi Dong Christian Maaser Torsten Kucharzik Giovanni Maconi Anil K Asthana michael blaivas Adrian Goudie Odd Helge Gilja Dieter Nuernberg Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich Christoph F Dietrich Translational Gastroenterology Unit Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust School of Medicine University of Adelaide Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Ambulanzzentrum Gastroenterologie Klinikum Lüneburg Department of Gastroenterology Stadtisches Klinikum Luneburg gGmbH Gastrointestinal Unit Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L.Sacco' University Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-logy The Alfred Hospital Monash University Piedmont Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Fremantle Hospital and Health Service Emergency Department National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastro- enterology Haukeland University Hospital Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Department of Gastroenterology Brandenburg Medical School Med. Klinik 2 Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim

Gastrointestinal ultrasound is a practical, safe, cheap and reproducible diagnostic tool in inflammatorybowel disease gaining global prominence amongst clinicians. Understanding the embryological processes of the intestinal tract assists in the interpretation of abnormal sonographic findings. In general terms, the examination principally comprises interrogation of the colon, mesentery and small intestine using both lowfrequency and high-frequency probes. Interpretation of findings on GIUS includes assessment of bowel wall thickness, symmetry of this thickness, evidence of transmural changes, assessment of vascularity using Doppler imaging and assessment of other specific features including lymph nodes, mesentery and luminal motility. In addition to B-mode imaging, transperineal ultrasonography, elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are useful adjuncts. This supplement expands upon these features in more depth.

关键词： Ultrasound Intestinal Inflammatory bowel disease Guidelines Teaching

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Like a G6-nal:transcriptional control of G-protein coupled receptors during oligodendroglial development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2001-2002页

作者： Tim Aberle michael Wegner Institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Multilayered control of myelination:Quick,saltatory conduction of action potentials along nerve fibers requires the electrical insulation of axons by myelinating *** the central nervous system,this role is taken up by *** are marked by the expression of the lineage determinants Sox10 and Olig2 and arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)during embryonal *** the majority of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when nearby axonal segments require myelination,a small subpopulation of OPCs persist as a progenitor ***,the timing of myelination and maintenance of the OPC pool both need to be precisely *** transcription factors either positively or negatively affect oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintenance of the OPC pool as components of a complex gene regulatory network(reviewed in Sock and Wegner,2021).Network activity is additionally influenced by extracellular signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the oligodendroglial cell surface and activate intracellular signaling *** the receptors are linked to the network is poorly understood so far,but pivotal to understanding the overall regulation of central nervous system(CNS)myelination in response to environmental *** insights were recently gained for Gpr37(Schmidt et al.,2024),a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)with known relevance in differentiating oligodendrocytes(Yang et al,2016).

关键词： gained insulation conduction

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Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao michael S.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-Secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-Stay-Trim,”“Sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch

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NECAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno michael K.E.Schafer Sudena Wang michael J.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NECAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NECAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NECAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NECAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NECAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NECAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NECAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NECAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NECAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NECAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the EF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium EF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

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Small extracellular vesicles derived from cerebral endothelial cells with elevated microRNA 27a promote ischemic stroke recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 224-233页

作者： Yi Zhang Zhongwu Liu michael Chopp michael Millman Yanfeng Li Pasquale Cepparulo Amy Kemper Chao Li Li Zhang Zheng Gang Zhang Department of Neurology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Department of Physics Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA Department of Pathology Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA Division of Pharmacology Department of NeuroscienceReproductive and Dentistry SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of Naples“Federico Ⅱ”NaplesItaly

Axonal remodeling is a critical aspect of ischemic brain repair processes and contributes to spontaneous functional *** previous in vitro study demonstrated that exosomes/small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)isolated from cerebral endothelial cells(CEC-sEVs)of ischemic brain promote axonal growth of embryonic cortical neurons and that microRNA 27a(miR-27a)is an elevated miRNA in ischemic *** the present study,we investigated whether normal CEC-sEVs engineered to enrich their levels of miR-27a(27a-sEVs)further enhance axonal growth and improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke when compared with treatment with non-engineered CEC-sEVs.27a-sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of healthy mouse CECs transfected with a lentiviral miR-27a expression *** EVs isolated from CECs transfected with a scramble vector(Scra-sEVs)were used as a *** male mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and then were randomly treated with 27a-sEVs or *** array of behavior assays was used to measure neurological *** with treatment of ischemic stroke with Scra-sEVs,treatment with 27a-sEVs significantly augmented axons and spines in the peri-infarct zone and in the corticospinal tract of the spinal grey matter of the denervated side,and significantly improved neurological *** vitro studies demonstrated that CEC-sEVs carrying reduced miR-27a abolished 27a-sEV-augmented axonal *** analysis revealed that 27a-sEVs systemically administered preferentially localized to the pre-synaptic active zone,while quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot analysis showed elevated miR-27a,and reduced axonal inhibitory proteins Semaphorin 6A and Ras Homolog Family Member A in the peri-infarct *** of the Clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway substantially reduced neuronal internalization of *** data provide evidence that 27a-sEVs have

关键词： axonal remodeling cerebral endothelial cells exosomes miR-27a mitochondria Semaphorin 6A small extracellular vesicles stroke

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Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily Choi michael QJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

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Deepening Collaboration China and Africa need to further align development strategies to realise the immense potential of economic cooperation

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ChinAfrica 2025年第1期17卷 24-26页

作者： EHIZUELEN michael MITCHELL OMORUYI Centre for Nigerian Studies Institute of African StudiesZhejiang Normal University

Humming factories,bustling ports,and shuttling merchants highlight the vibrancy of China-Africa economic and trade *** the years,this partnership has grown significantly,optimising trade structures and fostering mutual *** deepening collaboration is evident in China’s role as Africa’s largest bilateral trading partner for 15 consecutive *** the first seven months of 2024,trade between China and African countries reached$167 billion,reflecting a 5.5-percent increase compared to the same period in *** to the International Monetary Fund,approximately 20 percent of Africa’s exports now go to China,while 16 percent of its imports originate there.

关键词： trading deepening Africa

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Scalable Ir-Doped NiFe₂O₄/TiO₂ Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H₂ Production

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-18页

作者： Hong, Sukhwa Kim, Jiseon Park, Jaebeom Im, Sunmi Hoffmann, michael R. Cho, Kangwoo Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Div Environm Sci & Engn Pohang 790784 South Korea CALTECH Linde Labs Pasadena CA 91125 USA Yonsei Univ Int Campus Inst Convergence Res & Educ Adv Technol I CREATE Incheon 21983 South Korea

Wastewater electrolysis cells (WECs) for decentralized wastewater treatment/reuse coupled with H-2 production can reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation of water, waste, and energy carrier. This study reports Ir-doped NiFe2O4 (NFI, similar to 5 at% Ir) spinel layer with TiO2 overlayer (NFI/TiO2), as a scalable heterojunction anode for direct electrolysis of wastewater with circumneutral pH in a single-compartment cell. In dilute (0.1 M) NaCl solutions, the NFI/TiO2 marks superior activity and selectivity for chlorine evolution reaction, outperforming the benchmark IrO2. Robust operation in near-neutral pH was confirmed. Electroanalyses including operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveiled crucial roles of TiO2 which serves both as the primary site for Cl- chemisorption and a protective layer for NFI as an ohmic contact. Galvanostatic electrolysis of NH4+-laden synthetic wastewater demonstrated that NFI/TiO2 not only achieves quasi-stoichiometric NH4+-to-N-2 conversion, but also enhances H-2 generation efficiency with minimal competing reactions such as reduction of dissolved oxygen and reactive chlorine. The scaled-up WEC with NFI/TiO2 was demonstrated for electrolysis of toilet wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater electrolysis cell Ir-doped NiFe2O4 Reactive chlorine species Decentralized H-2 production On-site wastewater treatment

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