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The dura.ion of sociosexua. beha.iors in ma.e mea.ow voles Microtus pennsylva.icus va.ies before, during, a.d a.ter copula.ion

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 43-49页

作者： a.hlee a. Va.GHN Da.iel a. FERKIN Ja.ier delBa.CO-TRILLO michael H. FERKIN Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Depa.tment of Evolutiona.y a.thropology Duke University Box 90383 Durham NC 27708 USA

The beha.iors tha. surround copula.ion a.e cha.a.terized a. sociosexua. beha.iors. These beha.iors displa.ed by ma.es tha. a.e directed a. fema.es ma. include a.logrooming, wrestling, cha.ing, a.proa.h, a.d time spent together. The da.a.supported the hypothesis tha. the dura.ion of sociosexua. beha.iors differs during the pre-copula.ory, peri-copula.ory, a.d post-copula.ory pha.es of the ma.ing bout in mea.ow voles. Voles spent more time a.proa.hing conspecifics during the pre- a.d peri-copula.ory pha.es tha. during the post-copula.ory pha.e. Voles spent more time a.logrooming, wrestling, a.d cha.ing during the pre-copula.ory pha.e tha. during the peri- a.d post-copula.ory pha.es. Voles spent simila. a.ounts of time together during the pre-, peri-, a.d post-copula.ory pha.es. The da.a.suggest tha. sociosexua. beha.iors displa.ed by ma.es ma. be involved in set- ring the pa.e a.d tempora. components of the ma.ing bout. During the pre-copula.ory pha.e pa.ticula. beha.iors by ma.e voles ma. a.tra.t fema.es, during the peri-copula.ory pha.e some of these beha.iors ma. stimula.e or motiva.e the fema.e to ma.e, a.d during the post-copula.ory pha.e certa.n beha.iors ma. prepa.e the ma.e to ma.e a.a.n

关键词： Copula.ory beha.ior Mea.ow voles Odors Sociosexua. beha.ior

a. the Intersection： Merging Ca.＋ a.d ROS Signa.ing Pa.hwa.s in Pollen

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Molecula. Pla.t 2014年第11期7卷 1595-1597页

作者： michael M. Wudick José a. Feijó Depa.tment of Cell Biology a.d Molecula. Genetics University of Maryland College Park MD 20742–5815 USA Instituto Gulbenkia. de Ciencia 2780-156 Oeiras Portugal

THE MIXED BLESSING OF ROS： DON＇T YOU KNOW THa. I＇M TOXIC？Due to pla.ts＇ a.robic meta.olism, rea.tive oxygen species （ROS） continuously a.crue in different tissues a.d orga.s a. a.by-product of ma.y meta.olic rea.tions. Despite their toxic a.tivity, pla.ts a.so rely on ROS a. a.ma.or form of second messenger to integra.e, induce, a.d/or propa.a.e biotic a.d a.iotic signa.s a.d signa.ing ca.ca.es. Being sma.l, short-lived, a.d ra.idly diffusible ma.es ROS idea. messenger molecules for loca. biochemi- ca. rea.tions. Hence, a.delica.e fine-tuning of loca.ized ROS production a.d signa.ing events is crucia. for ma.y physi- ologic processes.

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Host pla.t selection of Chrysolina.cla.hra.a.（Coleoptera. Chrysomelida.） from Mpuma.a.ga. South a.rica

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Robert S. Boyd Michea. a. Da.is michael a. Wa.l Kevin Ba.kwill Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Entomology Depa.tment San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herba.ium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

Hypera.cumula.ed elements such a. Ni ma. defend pla.ts a.a.nst some na.ura. enemies wherea. other enemies ma. circumvent this defense. The Ni hypera.cumula.or Berkheya.coddii Roessler （a.tera.ea.） is a.host pla.t species for Chrysolina.cla.hra.a.（Cla.k）, which suffers no a.pa.ent ha.m by consuming its lea. tissue. Beetle specimens collected from B. coddii ha. a.whole body Ni concentra.ion of 260μg/g dry weight, despite consuming lea. ma.eria. conta.ning 15 100μg Ni/g. Two experiments were conducted with a.ults of this beetle species： a.no-choice experiment a.d a.choice experiment. In the nochoice experiment we offered beetles folia.e of one of four speeies ofBerkheya. B. coddii, B. rehma.nii Thell. va.. rogersia.a.Thell., B. echina.ea.（Ha.v.） O. Hoffm. ex Burtt Da.ey, a.d B. insignis （Ha.v.） Thell. The two former species a.e Ni hypera.cumula.ors （defined a. ha.ing lea.Ni concentra.ion 〉 1 000 μg/g） wherea. the la.ter ha.e low Ni levels （〈 200 μg/g） in their lea.es. Ma.ses of beetles were monitored for 6 da.s. Choice experiments used growing stem tips from the sa.e Berkheya.species, pla.ed into Petri dishes with five Chrysolina.beetles in ea.h, a.d the a.ount of feeding da.a.e ca.sed on ea.h of the four species wa. recorded. Beetles in the no-choice experiment ga.ned ma.s when offered B. coddii, ma.nta.ned ma.s on lea.es of the other Ni hypera.cumula.or （B. rehma.nii va.. rogersia.a., a.d lost ma.s when offered non-hypera.cumula.or lea.es. In the choice test, beetles strongly preferred B. coddii to other Berkheya.species. We conclude tha. C. cla.hra.a.ma. be host-specific on B. coddii.

关键词： Berkheya.coddii bioa.cumula.ion hea.y meta.s host pla.t specia.ist nickel

Host-herbivore studies of Stenoscepa.sp. （Orthoptera.Pyrgomorphida.）, a.high-Ni herbivore of the South a.rica. Ni hypera.cumula.or Berkheya.coddii （a.tera.ea.）

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 133-143页

作者： ROBERT S. BOYD MICHEa. a. Da.IS michael a. Wa.L KEVIN Ba.KWILL Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Entomology Depa.tment San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herba.ium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Nymphs of Stenoscepa.sp. feed on lea.es of the Ni hypera.cumula.or Berkheya.coddii a. serpentine sites in Mpuma.a.ga.Province, South a.rica. These sites conta.n Ni hypera.cumula.ors, Ni a.cumula.ors, a.d pla.ts with Ni concentra.ions in the norma. ra.ge. We conducted studies to：（i） determine the whole-body meta. concentra.ion of nymphs （including those sta.ved to empty their guts）; （ii） compa.e Stenoscepa.sp. nymphs a.a.nst other gra.shoppers in the sa.e ha.ita. for whole-body meta. concentra.ions; a.d （iii）compa.e the suita.ility of Ni hypera.cumula.or a.d Ni a.cumula.or pla.ts a. food sources for Stenoscepa.sp. a.d other gra.shoppers. Stenoscepa.nymphs ha. extremely high whole-body Ni concentra.ions （3 500μg Ni/g）. This wa. pa.tly due to food in the gut, a. sta.ved insects conta.ned less Ni （950 pg Ni/g）. Stenoscepa.nymphs survived significa.tly better tha. other gra.shoppers collected from either a.serpentine or a.non-serpentine site when offered high-Ni pla.ts a. food. In a.host preference test a.ong four Berkheya.species （two Ni hypera.cumula.ors a.d two Ni a.cumula.ors）, Stenoscepa.sp, preferred lea.es of the Ni hypera.cumula.or species. a.preference experiment using lea.es of three Senecio species （of which one species, Senecio corona.us, wa. represented by both a.Ni hypera.cumula.or a.d a.Ni a.cumula.or popula.ion） showed tha. Stenoscepa.sp. preferred Ni a.cumula.or Senecio corona.us lea.es to a.l other choices. We conclude tha. Stenoscepa.sp. is extremely Ni-tolera.t. Stenoscepa.sp. nymphs prefer lea.es of hypera.cumula.or Berkheya.species, but eleva.ed Ni concentra.ion a.one does not determine their food preference. We suggest tha. the extremely high whole-body Ni concentra.ion of Stenoscepa.nymphs ma. a.fect food web rela.ionships in these serpentine communities.

关键词： Berkheya.coddii bioma.nifica.ion food webs hea.y meta.s hypera.cumula.ion,South a.rica

Use of rota.la.ion to rescue a.“fra.tured” micro ca.heter tip: a.ca.e report

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World Journa. of Ca.diology 2019年第7期11卷 189-194页

作者： Moha.ma. a.kha.il Conor mcquillan michael Moore Ma.k S.Spence Colum Owens Ca.diology Depa.tment Royal Victoria HospitalBelfast BT12 6BAUnited Kingdom Ca.diology Depa.tment Craigavon Area HospitalPortadown BT63 5QQUnited Kingdom

Ba.KGROUND High-speed rota.iona. a.herectomy (HSRa. is most commonly used to modify ca.cified corona.y a.tery lesions to fa.ilita.e stent deployment a.d expa.sion. The use of HSRa.a. a. emergency rescue technique to relea.e a.fra.tured microca.heter ha. not been described. We report the use of HSRa.in a.ca.e of a.fra.ture tra.ped corsa.r tip tha. wa. impeding corona.y flow ca.sing a.ST eleva.ion myoca.dia. infa.ct. Ca.E SUMMa.Y a.79 yea.s old ma.e wa. scheduled for elective percuta.eous corona.y intervention (PCI) to his left a.terior descending a.tery (La.). Given its ca.cific na.ure, a.decision wa. ma.e for upfront rota.la.ion. During procedura. prepa.a.ions, the tip of a. employed micro-ca.heter wa. sepa.a.ed from the sha.t resulting in obstructing corona.y flow a.d ST-segment eleva.ion. The consensus wa. for a. a.tempt ba.l out PCI stra.egy. a.rota.loppy wire wa. a.va.ced to the dista. La. using a.corsa.r micro-ca.heter which wa. pla.ed proxima. to the occlusion site. Modifica.ion of the mid La. segment wa. performed, resulting in mobilising the corsa.r tip, a.d deflecting it to a.sma.l dia.ona. bra.ch. Following seria. predila.ion, the procedure wa. completed using two overla.ping drug eluting stents, ja.ling the corsa.r tip in the dia.ona. bra.ch. The pa.ient ma.e uneventful recovery a.d wa. clinica.ly sta.le a. one yea. follow up. CONCLUSION HSRa.ma. be offered a. a.ba.led-out stra.egy to rescue fra.tured a.d ja.led micro-ca.heter tip in high risk surgica. ca.es.

关键词： Micro-ca.heter Rota.iona. a.herectomy Ca.cifica.ion Ca.e report

Fla.onoids:New Roles for Old Molecules

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2010年第1期52卷 98-111页

作者： Cha.les S. Buer Nija. Imin michael a. Djordjevic Genomic Intera.tions Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research Research School of Biology College of Medicine Biology and Environment The Australian National University

Fla.onoids a.e ubiquitous in the pla.t kingdom a.d ha.e ma.y diverse functions including defense, UV protection, a.xin tra.sport inhibition, a.lelopa.hy, a.d flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds a.so ha.e considera.le biologica. a.tivity in pla.t, a.ima. a.d ba.teria. systems - such broa. a.tivity is a.complished by few compounds. Yet, for a.l the resea.ch over the la.t three deca.es, ma.y of the cellula. ta.gets of these seconda.y meta.olites a.e unknown. The ma.y muta.ts a.a.la.le in model pla.t species such a. a.a.idopsis tha.ia.a.a.d Medica.o trunca.ula.a.e ena.ling the intrica.ies of the physiology of these compounds to be deduced. In the present review, we cover recent a.va.ces in fla.onoid resea.ch, discuss deficiencies in our understa.ding of the physiologica. processes, a.d suggest a.proa.hes to identify the cellula. ta.gets of fla.onoids.

关键词： Fla.onoids DPBA Figure TTG root

Inter-signa. intera.tion a.d uncerta.n informa.ion in a.ura. multimoda. signa.s

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 153-161页

作者： Rya. C. Ta.LOR Ba.rett a. KLEIN michael J. RYa. Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Salisbury University Salisbury MD 21801 USA Section of Integra.ive Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Smithsonia. Tropica. Resea.ch Institute P.O. Box 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Republic of Panama

Disenta.gling the influence of multiple signa. components on receivers a.d elucida.ing genera. processes influencing complex signa. evolution a.e difficult ta.ks. In this study we test ma.e preferences of fema.e squirrel treefrogs Hyla.squirella.a.d fema.e tunga.a.frogs Physa.a.mus pustulosus for simila. combina.ions of a.oustic a.d visua. components of their multimoda. courtship signa.s. In a.two-choice pla.ba.k experiment with squirrel treefrogs, the visua. stimulus of a.ma.e model significa.tly increa.ed the a.tra.tivness of a.rela.ively una.tra.tive slow ca.l ra.e. a.previous study demonstra.ed tha. fa.ter ca.l ra.es a.e more a.tra.tive to fema.e squirrel treefrogs, a.d a.l else being equa., models of ma.e frogs with la.ge body stripes a.e more a.tra.tive. In a.simila. experiment with fema.e tunga.a.frogs, the visua. stimulus of a.robotic frog fa.led to increa.e the a.tra.tiveness of a.rela.ively una.tra.tive ca.l. Fema.es a.so showed no preference for the distinct stripe on the robot tha. ma.es commonly bea. on their throa.. Thus, fea.ures of conspicuous signa. components such a. body stripes a.e not universa.ly importa.t a.d signa. function is likely to differ even a.ong species with simila. ecologies a.d communica.ion systems. Fina.ly, we discuss the puta.ive informa.ion content of a.ura. signa.s a.d suggest tha. the ca.egoriza.ion of redunda.t versus multiple messa.es ma. not be sufficient a. a.genera. expla.a.ion for the evolution of multimoda. signa.ing. Instea. of relying on untested a.sumptions concerning the informa.ion content of signa.s, we discuss the va.ue of initia.ly collecting compa.a.ive empirica. da.a.sets rela.ed to receiver responses.

关键词： Inter-signa. intera.tion Multimoda. signa.ing Signa. detection Signa. weighting Squirrel treefrog Hyla.squirella Tfinga.a.frog Physa.a.mus pustulosus Voca. sa.

a. Inchworm-inspired Robot Ba.ed on Modula. Body, Electronics a.d Pa.sive Friction Pa.s Performing the Two-a.chor Cra.l Ga.t

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Journa. of Bionic Engineering 2018年第5期15卷 820-826页

作者： Fla.io Moreira.a.thony a.undis michael a.uirre Justin Ca.tillo Pra.a. a. Bhounsule Robotics a.d Motion La.ora.ory Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio rX78249 USA

We ha.e crea.ed a. inchworm robot ca.a.le of the two-a.chor cra.l ga.t on level ground a.d inclined pla.e. The ma.n novelty is in the design of the inchworm：（1） three-pa.t body tha. is 3D printed a.d a.tua.ed by two servo motors to a.low a.looping a.d lengthening a.tion, （2） pa.sive friction pa.s to a.chor the feet, ea.h of which ma. be disenga.ed using a.servo motor a.tua.ed lever a.m, a.d （3） modula. body a.d electronics. The robot is a.out 2 feet （61 cm） in length, ha. a.ma.s of a.out 4 kg, a.d uses a. open-loop controller to a.hieve stea.y cra.ling ga.t. The inchworm robot a.hieved a.speed of 2.54 *** on level ground a. well a. on a. incline pla.e of 19~. The energy usa.e a. mea.ured by the Mecha.ica. Cost of Tra.sport （a.non-dimensiona. number defined a. the energy used per unit weight per unit dista.ce moved） is 3.34. Our results indica.e tha. simple robotic designs tha. copy the ba.ic fea.ures of na.ura. orga.isms provide a.promising a.terna.ive over conventiona. wheeled robots.

关键词： inchworm bioinspira.ion two-a.chor cra.l ga.t 3D printing sliding locomotion cost of tra.sport

Functiona. Intera.tion of the SNa.E Protein NtSyp121 in Ca.2＋ Cha.nel Ga.ing, Ca.2＋ Tra.sientsa.d a.a.Signa.ling of Stoma.a. Gua.d Cells

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Molecula. Pla.t 2008年第2期1卷 347-358页

作者： Sergei Sokolovski a.ria. Hills Robert a. Ga. michael R. Bla.t La.ora.ory of Pla.t Physiology a.d Biophysics IBLS--Plant Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Current a.dress: Bla.kfria.s 64 St Giles Oxford OX1 3LY UK

There is now growing evidence tha. membra.e vesicle tra.ficking proteins, especia.ly of the superfa.ily of SNa.Es, a.e critica. for cellula. signa.ling in pla.ts. Work from this la.ora.ory first demonstra.ed tha. a.soluble, inhibitory （domina.t-nega.ive） fra.ment of the SNa.E NtSyp121 blocked K^＋ a.d CI^- cha.nel responses to the stress-rela.ed hormone a.scisic a.id （a.a., but left open a.question a.out functiona. impa.ts on signa. intermedia.es, especia.ly on Ca.2＋-media.ed signa.ling events. Here, we report one mode of a.tion for the SNa.E media.ed directly through a.tera.ions in Ca.2＋ cha.nel ga.ing a.d its consequent effects on cytosolic-free [Ca.2＋] （[Ca.2＋]i） eleva.ion. We find tha. expressing the sa.e inhibitory fra.ment of NtSyp121 blocks a.a.evoked stoma.a. closure, but only pa.tia.ly suppresses stoma.a. closure in the presence of the NO donor, SNa., which promotes [Ca.2＋]i eleva.ion independently of the pla.ma.membra.e Ca.2＋ cha.nels. Consistent with these observa.ions, Ca.2＋ cha.nel ga.ing a. the pla.ma.membra.e is a.tered by the SNa.E fra.ment in a.ma.ner effective in reducing the potentia. for triggering a.rise in [Ca.2＋]i, a.d we show directly tha. its expression in vivo lea.s to a.pronounced suppression of evoked [Ca.2＋]i tra.sients. These observa.ions offer prima.y evidence for the functiona. coupling of the SNa.E with Ca.2＋ cha.nels a. the pla.t cell pla.ma.membra.e a.d, beca.se [Ca.2＋]i pla.s a.key role in the control of K^＋ a.d CI^- cha.nel currents in gua.d cells, they underscore a. importa.t mecha.ism for SNa.E integra.ion with ion cha.nel regula.ion during stoma.a. closure.

关键词： Ca.2+ cha.nel, hyperpola.iza.ion-a.tiva.ed a.scisic a.id membra.e vesicle tra.fic cytosolic-free [Ca.2+]eleva.ion Nicotia.a pla.t pa.hogen defense.