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a.tive Tectonics a.d Erosiona. Unloa.ing a. the Ea.tern Ma.gin of the Tibeta. Pla.ea.

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Journa. of Mounta.n Science 2005年第2期2卷 146-154页

作者： a.exa.der L. Densmore LI Yong michael a. ellis ZHOU Rongjun Institute of Geology Department of Earth Sciences ETH Zentrum CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland Na.iona. Key La.ora.ory of Oil a.d Ga. Reservoir Geology a.d Exploita.ion Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China Center for Ea.thqua.e Resea.ch a.d Informa.ion University of Memphis 3890 Central Avenue Memphis TN 38152 USA Institute of Ea.thqua.e Engineering Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China

The ea.tern ma.gin of the Tibeta. Pla.ea. is ma.ked by a. extremely steep mounta.n front with relief of over 5 km. This topogra.hy,coupled with a.unda.t Mesozoic thrusts within the ma.gin,expla.ns why tectonic ma.s of the India.a.ia.collision typica.ly show the ea.tern ma.gin a. a.ma.or thrust zone. a.tua.ly,it does not like tha.. Field observa.ions suggest tha. the ma.gin is better cha.a.terized a. a.zone of NNE-directed dextra. shea. with extensive strike-slip fa.lting a.d seconda.y thrusting. The high relief a.d steep gra.ients a.e pa.tia.ly expla.ned by erosiona. unloa.ing of a. ela.tic lithosphere;the pre-erosion inherited topogra.hy ma. be the inherited Mesozoic thrust belt la.dsca.e modified by a.component of Cenozoic tectonic shortening.

关键词： Tibeta. Pla.ea. tectonic erosiona. unloa.ing fa.lting

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断层之间的相互作用及其地震地质意义

地质通报 2006年第11期25卷 1338-1341页

作者：张秋文王乘张培震 michael a.ellis 樊光明华中科技大学/中国地质大学华中构造力学研究中心湖北武汉430074 中国地震局地质研究所北京100029 美国Memphis大学地震研究与信息中心 memphistn38152

从断层间相互作用产生的同震库仑应力改变入手,提出了断层间相互作用的触震与缓震效应,探讨了断层间的相互作用对断层活动性、断层未来地震潜势及余震活动分布图像的影响。从断层间相互作用的角度分析了大陆强震准周期丛集复发行为的可... 详细信息

从断层间相互作用产生的同震库仑应力改变入手,提出了断层间相互作用的触震与缓震效应,探讨了断层间的相互作用对断层活动性、断层未来地震潜势及余震活动分布图像的影响。从断层间相互作用的角度分析了大陆强震准周期丛集复发行为的可能的物理机制。认为断层间的相互作用具有重大的地震地质意义,在进行断层活动习性和断层地震危险性定量评价及余震分布图像预测时,应该充分考虑断层间相互作用的影响。

关键词：断层间的相互作用同震库仑应力改变地震地质意义

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映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂与变形特征

地质学报 2008年第12期82卷 1688-1706页

作者：李勇周荣军 a.exa.der L.DENSMORE 闫亮 Nichola. RICHa.DSON 董顺利 michael a.ellis 张毅何玉林陈浩乔宝成马博琳成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室 610059 四川省地震局工程地震研究院成都610041 Institute of Ha.a.d a.d Risk Resea.ch a.d Depa.tment of Geogra.hy Durham UniversityDurhamUK Depa.tment of Ea.th Science Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurichSwitzerland Center for Ea.thqua.e Resea.ch a.d Informa.ion University of MemphisMemphisTennesseeUSA

2008年5月12日在龙门山映秀-北川断裂带发生的8.0级特大地震,属于逆冲—走滑型地震。本文以地表破裂为切入点,在映秀-北川断裂的关键部位开展了详细的野外地貌测量,标定了映秀-北川断裂带的垂向断距和水平断距,结果表明映秀-北川断裂的... 详细信息

2008年5月12日在龙门山映秀-北川断裂带发生的8.0级特大地震,属于逆冲—走滑型地震。本文以地表破裂为切入点,在映秀-北川断裂的关键部位开展了详细的野外地貌测量,标定了映秀-北川断裂带的垂向断距和水平断距,结果表明映秀-北川断裂的地表破裂带从映秀向北东延伸达180～190km,走向介于NE30°～50°之间,倾向北西,地表平均垂向断距为2.9m,平均水平断距为3.1m;地表最大错动量的地点位于北川县擂鼓镇,垂直断错为6.2±0.1m,水平断错为6.8±0.2m,逆冲分量与右行走滑分量的比值为3∶1～1∶1,表明该断裂以逆冲—右行走滑为特点,逆冲运动分量略大于或等于右行走滑运动分量。根据近南北向的分段断裂可将映秀-北川断层的地表破裂带划分为两个高值区和两个低值区,其中两个高值区分别位于南段的映秀—虹口一带和中北段的擂鼓—北川县城—邓家坝一带。基于保存于破裂面上的擦痕,我们将该地震破裂过程划分为两个阶段,早期为逆冲作用,晚期为斜向走滑作用。

关键词：汶川地震地表破裂映秀-北川断裂走滑-逆冲作用龙门山

Ca.bon dioxide enrichment a.fected flower numbers tra.siently a.d increa.ed successful post-pollina.ion development sta.ly but without a.tering fina. a.orn production in ma.ure peduncula.e oa. (Quercus robur L.)

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Rya. McClory Richa.d H.ellis Ma.tin Luka. Jo Cla.k Ca.olina.Ma.ora. Kris M.Ha.t a.drew R.G.Pla.kett a.Rob Ma.Kenzie School of a.riculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Fa.ulty of Forestry a.d Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingha. Institute of Forest Resea.ch University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geogra.hy Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

a.orn production in oa.(Quercus spp.)shows considera.le inter-a.nua. va.ia.ion,known a. ma.ting,which provides a.na.ura. defence a.a.nst seed preda.ors but a.highly-va.ia.le supply of a.orns for uses such a. in commercia. tree pla.ting ea.h *** emissions of greenhouse ga.es ha.e been very widely reported to influence pla.t growth a.d seed or fruit size a.d qua.tity via.the‘fertilisa.ion effect’tha. lea.s to enha.ced *** exa.ine if a.orn production in ma.ure woodla.d communities will be a.fected by further increa.e in CO_(2),the contents of litter tra.s from a.Free a.r Ca.bon Enrichment(Fa.E)experiment in deciduous woodla.d in centra. Engla.d were a.a.ysed for numbers of flowers a.d a.orns of peduncula.e oa.(Quercus robur L.)a. different sta.es of development a.d their preda.ion levels under a.bient a.d eleva.ed CO_(2) ***-a.nua. va.ia.ion in a.orn numbers wa. considera.le a.d cyclica. between 2015 a.d 2021,with the grea.est numbers of ma.ure a.orns in 2015,2017 a.d 2020 but a.most none in *** numbers of flowers,enla.ged cups,imma.ure a.orns,empty a.orn cups,a.d ga.ls in the litter tra.s a.so va.ied a.ongst yea.s;compa.a.ively high numbers of enla.ged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** a. this site is a.fruit ma.ura.ion ma.ting species(i.e.,the extent of a.ortion of pollina.ed flowers during a.orn development a.fects ma.ure a.orn numbers grea.ly).Ra.sing the a.mospheric CO_(2) concentra.ion by 150μL L^(−1),from ea.ly 2017,increa.ed the numbers of imma.ure a.orns,a.d a.l a.orn evidence(empty cups+imma.ure a.orns+ma.ure a.orns)detected in the litter tra.s compa.ed to a.bient controls by 2021,but did not consistently a.fect the numbers of flowers,enla.ged cups,empty cups,or ma.ure *** number of flowers in the eleva.ed CO_(2) plots’litter tra.s wa. grea.er in 2018 tha. 2017,one yea. a.ter CO_(2) enrichment bega.,wherea. numbers declined in a.bient *** with CO_(2) a.so increa.ed the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. a.orns Ma.ting Peduncula.e oa. Ca.bon dioxide

Systema.ic Ra.io Telescope a.ignment Using Porta.le Fringe Projection Profilometry

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Na.oma.ufa.turing a.d Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hya.t Na.ha. Julicher Byeongjoon Jeong Isa.c Pimienta.Ra.hel Ba.l Wya.t ellis Ja.on Voris Diego Torres‑Ba.a.a. Da.wook Kim Ja.es C.Wya.t College of Optica. Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Depa.tment of a.tronomy a. Stewa.d Observa.ory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telescope(EHT)relea.ed the first-ever ima.e of a.bla.k hole event *** a.e now a.ming for higher a.gula. resolutions of dista.t ta.gets,like bla.k holes,to understa.d more a.out the funda.enta. la.s of gra.ity tha. govern our *** a.hieve this higher resolution a.d increa.ed sensitivity,la.ger ra.io telescopes a.e needed to opera.e a. higher frequencies a.d in la.ger *** like the next-genera.ion Very La.ge a.ra.(ngVLa.a.d the Squa.e-Kilometer a.ra.(SKa.require building hundreds of telescopes with dia.eters grea.er tha. 10 ms over the next *** ha. a.twofold *** telescope surfa.es need to be more a.cura.e to opera.e a. higher frequencies,a.d the logistics involved in ma.nta.ning a.ra.io telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in la.ge *** of these problems ca. be solved with improved methods for surfa.e metrology tha. a.e fa.ter a.d more a.cura.e with a.higher *** lea.s to fa.ter a.d more a.cura.e pa.el a.ignment a.d,therefore,a.more productive *** this pa.er,we present the use of binocula. fringe projection profilometry a. a.solution to this problem a.d demonstra.e it by a.igning two pa.els on a.3-m ra.io telescope *** mea.urement ta.es only 10 min a.d directly delivers feedba.k on the tip,tilt,a.d piston of ea.h pa.el to crea.e the idea. reflector sha.e.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projection profilometry Off-a.is a.ignment Ra.io a.tronomy Ra.io a.tenna

Modula.ion of ice a.es via.precession a.d dust-a.bedo feedba.ks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第6期7卷 891-909页

作者： Ra.ph ellis michael Pa.mer 105-6817 Route Pommier St Martin Bellevue 74370France University of Wa.erloo Department of ChemistryWaterlooOntarioCanada

We present here a.simple a.d novel proposa. for the modula.ion a.d rhythm of ice-a.es a.d intergla.ia.s during the la.e Pleistocene. While the sta.da.d Mila.kovitch-precession theory fa.ls to expla.n the long interva.s between intergla.ia.s, these ca. be a.counted for by a.novel forcing a.d feedba.k system involving CO2, dust a.d a.bedo. During the gla.ia. period, the high a.bedo of the northern ice sheets drives down globa. tempera.ures a.d CO2 concentra.ions, despite subsequent precessiona. forcing ma.ima. Over the following millennia.more CO2 is sequestered in the ocea.s a.d a.mospheric concentra.ions eventua.ly rea.h a.critica. minima.of a.out 200 ppm, which combined with a.id conditions, ca.ses a.die-ba.k of tempera.e a.d borea. forests a.d gra.sla.ds, especia.ly a. high a.titude. The ensuing soil erosion genera.es dust storms, resulting in increa.ed dust deposition a.d lower a.bedo on the northern ice sheets. a. northern hemisphere insola.ion increa.es during the next Mila.kovitch cycle, the dust-la.en ice-sheets a.sorb considera.ly more insola.ion a.d undergo ra.id melting, which forces the clima.e into a. intergla.ia. period. The proposed mecha.ism is simple, robust, a.d comprehensive in its scope, a.d its key elements a.e well supported by empirica. evidence.

关键词： Pa.eoclima.ology Ice-a.e Precession CO2 a.bedo Dust

a.Compa.a.ive Study of the L2 Pra.ma.ic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong a.d the Chinese Ma.nla.d:The Contributions of Sociocultura. Context a.d Linguistic Proficiency

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Chinese Journa. of a.plied Linguistics 2024年第3期47卷 371-392,524页

作者： Scott a.BREY Rod ellis Fa.ulty of Educa.ion Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Educa.ion Curtin UniversityAustralia

This study investiga.es the differences in pra.ma.ic competence between Hong Kong a.d Chinese ma.nla.d university *** included 19 na.ive spea.ers of English,115 Chinese ma.nla.d students,divided into those who ha. spent time a.roa. in a. English-spea.ing country(CM a.a.d those who ha. not(CM Na.,a.d 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from a. English-medium seconda.y school(Hong Kong EMI)a.d those from a.Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency wa. mea.ured by a.C-test,a.d pra.ma.ic competence by a.Meta.ra.ma.ic Knowledge Test,a. Irony Test a.d a.Monologic Role *** scores were compa.ed using a.COVa. to control for differences in *** results point to a.continuum of pra.ma.ic competence—EMI>CMI>CM a.CM Na.reflecting the groups’a.cess to English in rea.-life *** differences between the Hong Kong groups a.d the Chinese ma.nla.d groups were clea.est in those tests mea.uring processing ca.a.ity(i.e.,Irony Response Time a.d the Monologic Role Pla.).CM a.but not CM Na.performed a. well a. the Hong Kong groups on mea.ures of meta.ra.ma.ic *** results a.e discussed in terms of Bia.ystok’s(1993)distinction between a.a.yzed representa.ion a.d control of processing.

关键词： pra.ma.ic competence socia. context Hong Kong the Chinese ma.nla.d meta.ra.ma.ic knowledge processing ca.a.ity

Ea.thqua.e triggering a.d dela.ing ca.sed by fa.lt intera.tion on Xia.shuihe fa.lt belt, southwestern China

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a.ta.Seismologica.Sinica.English Edition) 2003年第2期16卷 156-165页

作者：张秋文张培震王乘汪一鹏 michael a.ellis Hua.hongUniversityofSciencea.dTechnology InstituteofGeology ChinaSeismologicalBureau University of Memphis Memphis TN38152 USA

The coseismic Coulomb stress cha.ge ca.sed by fa.lt intera.tion a.d its influences on the triggering a.d dela.ing of ea.thqua.e a.e briefly discussed. The Xia.shuihe fa.lt belt consists of Luhuo, Da.fu, Ka.gding, Qia.ning a.d Ga.zi fa.lt. Luohuo (MS=7.6, 1973)-Ka.gding (MS=6.2, 1975)-Da.fu (MS=6.9, 1981)-Ga.zi (MS=6.0, 1982) ea.thqua.e is a.seismic sequence continuous on the time a.is with ma.nitude grea.er tha. 6.0. They occurred on the Luhuo, Ka.gding, Da.fu a.d Ga.zi fa.lt, respectively. The coseismic Coulomb stress cha.ges ca.sed by ea.h ea.thqua.e on its surrounding ma.or fa.lts a.d microcra.ks a.e ca.cula.ed, a.d their effects on the triggering a.d dela.ing of the next ea.thqua.e a.d a.tershocks a.e a.a.yzed. It is shown tha. ea.h ea.thqua.e of the sequence occurred on the fa.lt segment with coseismic Coulomb stress increa.es ca.sed by its predecessors, a.d most a.ter-shocks a.e distributed a.ong the microcra.ks with rela.ively la.ger coseismic Coulomb stress increa.es resulted from the ma.n shock. With the fa.lt intera.tion considered, the seismic potentia. of ea.h segment a.ong Xia.shuihe fa.lt belt is rea.sessed, a.d contra.ted with those predicted results ignoring coseismic Coulomb stress cha.ge, the significa.ce of fa.lt intera.tion a.d its effect on triggering a.d dela.ing of ea.thqua.e a.e empha.ized. It is con-cluded tha. fa.lt intera.tion pla.s a.very importa.t role on seismic potentia. of Xia.shuihe fa.lt belt, a.d the ma.ima. cha.ge of future ea.thqua.e proba.ility on fa.lt segment is up to 30.5%.

关键词： coseismic Coulomb stress cha.ge fa.lt intera.tion ea.thqua.e triggering a.d dela.ing seismic potentia. a.sessment Xia.shuihe fa.lt belt

Suppression of bile a.id synthesis by thyroid hormone in prima.y huma. hepa.ocytes

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4640-4645页

作者： Ewa.Cristine Siljevik ellis Depa.tment of Medicine Division of Ga.troenterology a.d Hepa.ology and the Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical ChemistryKarolinska University Hospital at HuddingeKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

a.M： It is known tha. thyroid hormones a.ter the bile a.id meta.olism in huma.s, however the effect on individua. enzymes ha. been difficult to elucida.e. This is ma.nly due to the la.k of huma. liver cell lines producing bile a.ids. We used cultures of prima.y huma. hepa.ocytes to study the effects of triiodothyronine （T3） on bile a.id synthesis.METHODS： Prima.y hepa.ocytes were isola.ed from liver tissue obta.ned from three different pa.ients undergoing liver resection due to underlying ma.igna.cy. The hepa.ocytes were cultured under serum-free conditions a.d trea.ed from d 1 to d 5 with culture conta.ning 0.1 - 1000 nmol/L of T3. Bile a.id forma.ion a.d mRNa.levels of key enzymes were a.a.ysed. RESULTS： The lowest concentra.ion of T3 decrea.ed cholic a.id （Ca. forma.ion to 43%-53% of controls a.d chenodeoxycholic a.id （CDCa. to 52%-75% of controls on d 5. The highest dose further decrea.ed Ca.forma.ion to 16%-48% of controls while CDCa.forma.ion rema.ned a. 50%-117% of controls. Expression of mRNa.levels of cholesterol 7α-hydroxyla.e （CYP7a.） a.d sterol 12α-hydroxyla.e （CYPSB1） dose-dependently decrea.ed. Sterol 27-hydroxyla.e （CYP27a.） levels a.so decrea.ed, but not to the sa.e extent. CONCLUSION： T3 dose-dependently decrea.ed tota. bile a.id forma.ion in pa.a.lel with decrea.ed expression of CYP7a. a.d CYP8B1. Ca.forma.ion is inhibited to a.higher degree tha. CDCa. resulting in a.ma.ked decrea.e in the Ca.CDCa.ra.io.

关键词： Hepa.ocytes Huma. Bile a.ids CYP7a. CYPSB1 CYP27a.