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Vegeta.ion productivity responses to drought on triba. la.ds in the four corners region of the Southwest USA

Frontiers of Ea.th Science 2018年第1期12卷 37-51页

作者： Moha.ed a.d Sa.a. EL-VILa.Y Ka.el DIDa. Stua.t E. Ma.SH Willem J.D. Va. LEEUWEN michael a. crimmins a.ma.do Ba.reto MUNOZ The Intema.iona. Food Policy Resea.ch Institute Washington DC 20006-1002 USA Vegeta.ion Index a.d Phenology La. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0036 USA a.izona.Remote Sensing Center School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0043 USA Depa.tment of Soils Wa.er a.d Environmenta. Science The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0038 USA

For more tha. a.deca.e, the Four Comers Region ha. fa.ed extensive a.d persistent drought conditions tha. ha.e impa.ted vegeta.ion communities a.d loca. wa.er resources while exa.erba.ing soil erosion. These persistent droughts threa.en ecosystem services, a.riculture, a.d livestock a.tivities, a.d expose the hypersensitivity of this region to inter-a.nua. clima.e va.ia.ility a.d cha.ge. Much of the intermounta.n Western United Sta.es ha. spa.se clima.e a.d vegeta.ion monitoring sta.ions, ma.ing fine-sca.e drought a.sessments difficult. Remote sensing da.a.offers the opportunity to a.sess the impa.ts of the recent droughts on vegeta.ion productivity a.ross these a.ea.. Here, we propose a.drought a.sessment a.proa.h tha. integra.es clima.e a.d topogra.hica. da.a.with remote sensing vegeta.ion index time series. Multisensor Norma.ized Difference Vegeta.ion Index （NDVI） time series da.a.from 1989 to 2010 a. 5.6 km were a.a.yzed to cha.a.terize the vegeta.ion productivity cha.ges a.d responses to the ongoing drought. a.multi-linea. regression wa. a.plied to metrics of vegeta.ion productivity derived from the NDVI time series to detect vegeta.ion productivity, a. ecosystem service proxy, a.d cha.ges. The results show tha. a.ound 60.13% of the study a.ea.is observing a.genera. decline of greenness （p 〈 0.05）, while 3.87% show a. unexpected green up, with the rema.ning a.ea. showing no consistent cha.ge. Vegeta.ion in the a.ea.show a.significa.t positive correla.ion with eleva.ion a.d precipita.ion gra.ients. These results, while, confirming the region＇s vegeta.ion decline due to drought, shed further light on the future directions a.d cha.lenges to the region＇s a.rea.y stressed ecosystems. Wherea. the results provide a.ditiona. insights into this isola.ed a.d vulnera.le region, the drought a.sessment a.proa.h used in this study ma. be a.a.ted for a.plica.ion in other regions where surfa.eba.ed clima.e a.d vegeta.ion monitoring record is spa.ia.ly a.d tempora.ly limited.

关键词： drought remote sensing Hopi Na.a.o Na.ion

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Simula.ion-ba.ed a.sessment for the emergency medicine milestones: a.na.iona. survey of simula.ion experts a.d progra. directors

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World Journa. of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 301-305页

作者： a.ra. a.a.i a.hley crimmins Hega.g Chen Da.ya.Khouja. Depa.tment of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Depa.tment of Epidemiology a.d Public Hea.th University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Depa.tment of Emergency Medicine AdventHealth TampaTampa 33606USA

The focus of outcome-ba.ed educa.ion ha. shifted from the process of tra.ning to the end“product”of *** ha. necessita.ed a.refra.ing of the tea.hing,lea.ning,a.d ***,in 2013,the a.credita.ion Council for Gra.ua.e Medica. Educa.ion(a.GME)implemented the educa.iona. milestones for a.l a.credited residencies a.d fellowship progra.s.[1]The milestones ha.e been described a.“developmenta.ly ba.ed,specia.ty-specific a.hievements tha. residents a.e expected to demonstra.e a. esta.lished interva.s a. they progress through tra.ning.”[1]Milestones a.e ba.ed on the six core competencies esta.lished by the a.GME a.d a.erica. Boa.d of Medica. Specia.ties(a.MS),which consist of medica. knowledge(MK),pa.ient ca.e(PC),interpersona. a.d communica.ion skills(ICS),pra.tice-ba.ed lea.ning a.d improvement(PBLI),professiona.ism(PROF),a.d systems-ba.ed pra.tice(SBP).[2,3]a.GME,in conjunction with the a.erica. Boa.d of Emergency Medicine(a.EM),dra.ted 23 deta.led subcompetencies releva.t to emergency medicine(EM).[4]

关键词： Miles milestone educa.ion

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Impa.ts of Increa.ing Tempera.ure on the Future Incidence of West Nile Neuroinva.ive Disea.e in the United Sta.es

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a.erica. Journa. of Clima.e Cha.ge 2017年第1期6卷 166-216页

作者： a.na.Belova.Da.id Mills Rona.d Ha.l a.exis St. Julia.a.a.lison crimmins Chris Ba.ker Russell Jones Cognistx Pittsburgh PA USA a.t a.socia.es Boulder CO USA Clima.e Cha.ge Division U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC USA School of Veterina.y Medicine University of California Davis CA USA

Multiple studies ha.e identified links between clima.e a.d West Nile virus disea.e since the virus a.rived in North a.erica. Here we sought to extend these results by developing a.Hea.th Impa.t Function (HIF) to genera.e county-level estima.es of the expected a.nua. number of West Nile neuroinva.ive disea.e (WNND) ca.es ba.ed on the county’s historica. WNND incidence, a.nua. a.era.e tempera.ure, a.d popula.ion size. To better understa.d the potentia. impa.t of projected tempera.ure cha.ge on WNND risk, we used the HIF to project the cha.ge in expected a.nua. number of WNND ca.es a.tributa.le to cha.ging tempera.ures by 2050 a.d by 2090 using da.a.from five globa. clima.e models under two representa.ive concentra.ion pa.hwa.s (RCP4.5 a.d RCP8.5). To estima.e the costs of a.ticipa.ed cha.ges, a. well a. to ena.le compa.isons with other public hea.th impa.ts, projected WNND ca.es were a.loca.ed to nonfa.a. a.d fa.a. outcomes, then monetized using a.cost-of-illness estima.e a.d the U.S. Environmenta. Protection a.ency’s va.ue of a.sta.istica. life, respectively. We found tha. projected future tempera.ure a.d popula.ion cha.ges could increa.e the expected a.nua. number of WNND ca.es to ≈2000 - 2200 ca.es by 2050 a.d to ≈2700 - 4300 ca.es by 2090, from a.ba.eline of 970 ca.es. Holding popula.ion consta.t a. future levels while va.ying tempera.ure from a.1995 ba.eline, we estima.ed projected tempera.ure cha.ge a.one is responsible for ≈590 a.d ≈960 incrementa. WNND ca.es in 2050 a.d 2090 (respectively) under the RCP4.5 scena.io, a.d ≈820 a.d ≈2500 ca.es in 2050 a.d 2090 (respectively) for the RCP8.5 scena.io, with substa.tia. regiona. va.ia.ion. The monetized impa.t of these tempera.ure-a.tributa.le incrementa. ca.es is estima.ed a. $0.5 billion in 2050 a.d $1.0 billion in 2090 under the RCP4.5 scena.io, a.d $0.7 billion in 2050 a.d $2.6 billion in 2090 under the RCP8.5 scena.io (undiscounted 2015 U.S. dolla.s).

关键词： Huma. Hea.th Clima.e Cha.ge Tempera.ure West Nile Virus West Nile Neuroinva.ive Disea.e Economic Impa.ts

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Difficulties in Recruitment for a.Ra.domised Controlled Tria. of Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Dia.etes: Implica.ions for Dia.etes Ma.a.ement

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Open Journa. of Endocrine a.d Meta.olic Disea.es 2012年第4期2卷 53-57页

作者： George a. Jelinek Emily Ha.gkiss Cra.g Ha.sed Berna.d crimmins Peter Scha.tner Da.ny Liew Rick Ka.sma. Wa.rick J. Inder Siegfried Gutbrod Tra.ey J. Weila.d Depa.tment of Genera. Pra.tice Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences Monash University Clayton Australia Depa.tment of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne Australia Ea.t Bentleigh Genera. Pra.tice Melbourne Australia Emergency Pra.tice Innova.ion Centre St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Australia Formerly Depa.tment of Endocrinology St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Australia Ma.ningha. Genera. Pra.tice Melbourne Australia The Butterfly Founda.ion Malvern Australia The Ga.ler Founda.ion Yarra Junction Australia

Objective: To report our experience of a.tempting a.ra.domised controlled tria. of a. intensive lifestyle intervention for ea.ly type 2 dia.etes delivered in a.residentia. setting. Methods: We esta.lished a.tria. requiring 84 pa.ticipa.ts (46 sta.da.d ca.e a.d 38 intervention) to detect a.1% difference in Hba.c between intervention a.d control groups a. 12 months, a.lowing for a.trition. Ethics a.prova. wa. obta.ned from Mona.h University. Results: The study wa. a.a.doned a.ter five months of consistent promotion due to recruitment fa.lure (four subjects recruited). Conclusion: It a.pea.s to be difficult for pa.ients with dia.etes to commit to a.live-in period of educa.ion rega.ding lifestyle modifica.ion a. a.mea.s of trea.ing the illness. We recommend better educa.ion of pa.ients a.d their doctors a.out the potentia. hea.th benefits of lifestyle cha.ge to ma.a.e type 2 dia.etes, a.d further resea.ch into novel methods of delivering lifestyle a.vice which a.e both effective a.d susta.na.le.

关键词： Type 2 Dia.etes Mellitus Ra.domised Controlled Tria. Ma.a.ement Lifestyle Risk Fa.tors

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Sex a.d a.e-Rela.ed Differences in Neuroticism a.d a.losta.ic Loa. Index in Urba. Pa.ients with Genera. a.xiety Disorder Trea.ed with a.pra.ola.

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Open Journa. of Psychia.ry 2018年第3期8卷 212-232页

作者： Ca.los a. Soria.Ca.olina.Remedi Lucia.a.D’a.essio Emilio J. a. Roldán Institute of Biosciences Henri La.orit Córdoba Argentina Buenos a.res University ENyS-CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina Scientific Direction Depa.tment Gador SA Buenos Aires Argentina

Introduction: a.losta.ic loa. (a.) index proposes indica.ors for the functioning of the ma.n potentia.ly stress-a.fected systems. Sex differences in stress response a.d stress-rela.ed disea.es susceptibility ha.e been described for the genera. popula.ion. In this observa.iona. study we describe the effects of sex a.d a.e on a. va.ia.les, in a.cohort of pa.ients with genera. a.xiety disorders a.d neuroticism trea.ed with a.pra.ola. during 12 weeks, before a.d a.ter trea.ment. Methods: Pa.ients with genera. (DSM IV) a.xiety disorders with >6 in Ha.ilton sca.e, a. (>1 crimmins a.d Seema. a. modified criteria. a.d neuroticism >18 (NEO-FFI inventory), were included. a.l pa.ients completed psychia.ric a.sessment, a. index determina.ion before (−1 week) a.d a.ter 12 weeks of trea.ment with a.pra.ola. (0.25 - 1 mg/t.i.d). a.losta.ic loa. pa.a.eters comprised ca.diova.cula., meta.olic a.d infla.ma.ory va.ia.les. Univa.ia.e a.a.ysis (two-wa. a.OVa., Student’s t-test (rela.ed va.ia.les) a.d Pea.son correla.ions were determined. Results: Fifty-four pa.ients, 35 fema.es (48.6 ± 11.7 yea.s) a.d 19 ma.es (44.2 ± 12.8 yea.s) with genera. a.xiety disorder were included;28 pa.ients with Conclusions: In this prelimina.y a.a.ysis we described sex a.d a.e differences in psychia.ry a.pects a.d a. indexes in pa.ients with genera. a.xiety disorders in the short-term trea.ment with a.pra.ola.. These considera.ions rema.k the need of pondering sex a.d a.e differences during the use of drugs for protra.ted periods.

关键词： Chronic Stress Neuroticism a.pra.ola. a.xiety a.losta.ic Loa.

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