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Impact of surgical management of upper tract urothelial cancer in octogenarians:A population-based study

Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 225-231页

作者： Shu Wang michael Phelan Mohummad Minhaj Siddiqui Division of Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System BaltimoreMDUSA

Background Upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC)is an aggressive disease with a high progression *** standardmanagement for this disease is *** sparing nonradical surgery is an alternative therapeutic *** men with limited life expectancy,the potential harm of UTUC progression must be weighed against surgical morbidity and mortality,and thus,more conservative approaches may be *** study aims to investigate the comparative benefits of radical and conservative surgical management in patients older than 80 years with localized *** and methods A search was conducted in the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database for patients older than 80 years who were diagnosed with localized(T1–2N0M0)cancer in the renal pelvis or ureter as the only malignancy from 2004 to *** were divided into 3 therapeutic groups:no surgery,local intervention(ie,local tumor excision or segmented ureterectomy),and radical surgery(nephroureterectomy).Demographic and cancer-related parameter data were *** regression analysis was conducted to investigate predictors for surgical ***-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to analyze survival *** Data from 774 patients were analyzed,including 205 in the no-surgery group,181 in the local intervention group,and 388 in the radical surgery ***,African American patients with T1 stage disease were less likely to receive surgical *** surgically treated patients,renal pelvic tumors,and high-grade and T2 stage disease were associated with radical *** treated patients had a longer median overall survival(OS)than in those treated nonsurgically(13,35,and 47 months in no-surgery,local intervention,and radical surgery groups,respectively;p<0.001).Although surgically treated patients demonstrated higher 5-year OS(8.8%[no surgery],23.2%[local intervention],and 23.5%[radical surgery],p<0.001)and 5-year disease-specif

关键词： Older adults Surgery Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results Survival Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

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Review of Moirésuperconductivity and application of the Roeser-Huber formula

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 9-28页

作者： michael R.Koblischka Anjela Koblischka-Veneva Institute of Experimental Physics Saarland UniversityCampus C 6366123 SaarbrückenGermany

Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of ***,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting *** of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are *** influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the *** all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,Rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)*** differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled *** collected information is then used to apply the Roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic *** account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the Roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiré*** so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the Roeser‐Hube

关键词： MoiréSuperconductors Twisted bilayer graphene Magic angle Multilayer graphene stacks Superconducting transition temperature Roeser‐Huber formalism

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Disclosing the true impact of screening endoscopy in colorectal cancer prevention

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Cancer Communications 2024年第4期44卷 504-507页

作者： Thomas Heisser Carlo Senore michael Hoffmeister Lina Jansen Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany Epidemiology and Screening Unit Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer PreventionUniversity Hospital Cittàdella Salute e della ScienzaTurinPiedmontItaly Epidemiological Cancer Registry Baden-Württemberg German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)and National Center for Tumor Diseases(NCT)HeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany

Preprint:https://***/10.1101/*** trials,cohort and modeling studies have consistently demonstrated a major impact of screening endoscopies on reducing colorectal cancer(CRC)inci-dence and mortality[1].Over time,CRC mortality starts to be lower in those who underwent screening compared to those who did not due to earlier detection of prevalent.

关键词： prevention endoscopy impact CRC

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Using clinical cases to guide healthcare

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1555-1559页

作者： michael Colwill Samantha Baillie Richard Pollok Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Evidence-based practice(EBP)has been the gold standard in healthcare for nearly three centuries and aims to assist physicians in providing the safest and most effective healthcare for their *** well-established hierarchy of evidence lists systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top however these methodologies are not always appropriate or possible and in these instances case-control studies,case series and case reports are utilised to support ***-control studies allow simultaneous study of multiple risk factors and can be performed rapidly and relatively cheaply.A recent example was during the Coronavirus pandemic where case-control studies were used to assess the efficacy of personal protective equipment for healthcare *** series and case reports also play a role in EBP and are particularly useful to study rare diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease in transgender and gender non-conforming *** are also vital in generating and disseminating early signals and encouraging further *** these methodologies have weaknesses,particularly with regards to bias and loss of patient confidentiality for rare pathologies,they have an important part to play in EBP and when appropriately utilised can significantly impact upon clinical practice.

关键词： Evidence based medicine Hierarchy of evidence Case reports Case series

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An examination of thematic research,development,and trends in remote sensing applied to conservation agriculture

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 77-95页

作者： Zobaer Ahmed Aaron Shew Lawton Nalley michael Popp V.Steven Green Kristofor Brye Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Environmental Dynamics Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA College of Agriculture Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroARUSA University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture Little RockARUSA Department of Crop Soiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA

Conservation agriculture seeks to reduce environmental degradation through sustainable management of agricultural *** the 1990s,agricultural research has been conducted using remote sensing technologies;however,few previous reviews have been conducted focused on different conservation management *** of the previous literature has focused on the application of remote sensing in agriculture without focusing exclusively on conservation practices,with some only providing a narrative review,others using biophysical remote sensing for quantitative estimates of the bio-geo-chemical-physical properties of soils and crops,and few others focused on single agricultural management *** paper used the preferred reporting items for systematic review(PRISMA)methodology to examine the last 30 years of thematic research,development,and trends associated with remote sensing technologies and methods applied to conservation agriculture research at various spatial and temporal scales.A set of predefined key concepts and keywords were applied in three databases:Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.A total of 188 articles were compiled for initial examination,where 68 articles were selected for final analysis and grouped into cover crops,crop residue,crop rotation,mulching,and tillage *** on conservation agriculture research using remote sensing have been increasing since 1991 and peaked at 10 publications in *** the 68 articles,94%used a pixel-based,while only 6%used an object-based classification *** to 2005,tillage practices were abundantly studied,then crop residue was a focused theme between 2004 and *** 2012 to 2020,the focus shifted again to cover *** spectral indices were used in 76%of the 68 *** examination offered a summary of the new potential and identifies crucial future research needs and directions that could improve the contribution of remote sensing to the provision of long-term operat

关键词： Remote sensing Conservation agriculture Classification algorithm Spatial resolution Satellite Spectral indices PRISMA

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A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang Matthew Tsang Mark Knackstedt michael Turner Shane Latham Euan Macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for M3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various *** reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal *** new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,*** is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after ***-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN ***,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

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The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna S.Monzel michael Levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York State Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(ISR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the ISR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow ISR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs Gemma Gonzalez‑Ortiz Xinle Tan michael R.Bedford Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier *** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight were recorded *** d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol *** analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharides

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Two-stage corrective operation for the treatment of pes cavovarus in patients with spina bifida

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期15卷 618-626页

作者： Anthony Mack Padgett Ezan Kothari michael J Conklin Department of Orthopedics Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Children’s of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35233United States

BACKGROUND Pes cavovarus has an estimated incidence of 8%-17%in patients with spina bifida(SB).The majority of the current literature on surgical treatment of cavovarus feet in children and adolescents includes a variety of *** are currently no case series describing a treatment algorithm for deformity correction in this specific patient *** authors of this study present the results of a retrospective case series performed to assess the radiographic outcomes of two-stage corrective surgery in patients with *** Retrospective chart review was performed on patients with SB with a diagnosis of pes cavovarus at a freestanding children’s hospital who underwent surgical correction of the *** were excluded for lack of two-stage corrective operation,nonambulatory status,lack of at least six months follow-up,and age>18 years at the time of *** resulted in a cohort of 19 *** analysis was performed on 11 feet that had a complete series of preoperative and postoperative weightbearing *** and postoperative radiographic outcome measurements were compared using a two-sample *** Significant changes between the preoperative and postoperative measurements were seen in Meary’s angle,the anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal(AP TMT1)angle,and the talonavicular *** values of Meary’s angle were 17.9±13.1 preoperatively and 4.7±10.3 postoperatively(P=0.016).Mean AP TMT1 angle was 20.6±15.1 preoperatively and 9.3±5.5 postoperatively(P=0.011).Mean talonavicular coverage values were-10.3±9.6 preoperatively and-3.8±10.1 postoperatively(P=0.025).CONCLUSION The two-stage corrective procedure demonstrated efficacy in correcting cavovarus deformity in patients with *** should strongly consider employing the staged surgical algorithm presented in this manuscript for management of these patients.

关键词： Cavovarus Spina bifida Osteotomy Plantar release Radiographs Pediatrics

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