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Exogenous cytokinin application to Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ fruit promotes fruit expansion through water uptake

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 131-141页

作者： Simona Nardozza Helen L Boldingh Mark W Wohlers Andrew P Gleave Zhiwei Luo Guglielmo Costa Elspeth A MacRae michael j clearwater Annette C Richardson The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited(PFR) Mt Albert Research CentrePrivate Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand PFR Ruakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123HamiltonNew Zealand Dipartimento di Scienzie Agrarie Universitàdi BolognaVia Fanin 46Bologna40127Italy PFR Te Puke Research CentreTe Puke3182New Zealand PFR Kerikeri Research CentrePrivate Bag 23KerikeriNew Zealand Scion Te Papa Tipu Innovation ParkPrivate Bag 3020RotoruaNew Zealand University of Waikato School of SciencePrivate Bag 3105HamiltonNew Zealand

Exogenous application of a cytokinin-like compound forchlorfenuron(CPPU)can promote fruit growth,although often at the expense of dry matter(DM),an important indicator of fruit *** chinensis ***‘Hayward’fruit are very responsive to CPPU treatments,but the mechanism underlying the significant fruit weight increase and associated decrease in DM is *** this study,we hypothesised that CPPU-enhanced growth increases fruit carbohydrate demand,but limited carbohydrate supply resulted in decreased fruit *** fruit development,CPPU effects on physical parameters,metabolites,osmotic pressure and transcriptional changes were assessed under conditions of both standard and a high carbohydrate *** showed that CPPU increased fruit fresh weight but the dramatic DM decrease was not carbohydrate *** glucose and fructose concentrations contributed to an increase in soluble carbohydrate osmotic pressure,which was correlated with increased water accumulation in CPPU-treated fruit and up-regulation of water channel aquaporin gene PIP2.4 at 49 days after *** analysis suggested that the molecular mechanism contributing to increased glucose and fructose concentrations was altered by carbohydrate *** standard carbohydrate supply,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with reduced starch synthesis and increased starch *** carbohydrate supply was high,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with a general decrease in starch synthesis but up-regulation of vacuolar invertase and fructokinase *** conclude that CPPU affected fruit expansion by increasing the osmotically-driven water uptake and its effect was not carbohydrate supply-limited.

关键词： CPPU Actinidia expansion

Estimated Carbon Sequestration in a Temperate Forest in Idaho of USA

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Natural Science 2017年第12期9卷 421-436页

作者： Zhaohua Dai Richard A. Birdsey Alexa j. Dugan USDA Forest Service Newtown Square PA USA Commission for Environmental Cooperation Montreal Canada School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI USA

Assessing carbon (C) sequestration in forest ecosystems is fundamental to supply information to monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) for reducing deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The spatially-explicit version of Forest-DNDC (FDNDC) was evaluated using plot-based observations from Nez Perce-clearwater National Forest (NPCNF) in Idaho of United States and used to assess C stocks in?about 16,000 km2. The model evaluation indicated that the FDNDC can be used to assess C stocks with disturbances in this temperate forest with a proper model performance efficiency and small error between observations and simulations. Aboveground biomass in this forest was 85.1 Mg C ha-1 in 2010. The mean aboveground biomass in the forest increased by about 0.6 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the last 20 years from 1990 to 2010 with spatial mean stand age about 98 years old in 2010. Spatial differences in distributions of biomass, net primary production and net ecosystem product are substantial. The spatial divergence in C sequestration is mainly associated with the spatial disparities in stand age due to disturbances, secondly with ecological drivers and species. Climate variability and change can substantially impact C stocks in the forest based on the climatic variability of spatial climate data for a 33-year period from 1981 to 2013. Temperature rise can produce more biomass in NPCNF, but biomass cannot increase with an increase in precipitation in this forest. The simulation with disturbances using observations and estimates for the time period from 1991 to 2011?showed the effects of disturbances on C stocks in forests. The impacts of fires and insects on C stocks in this forest are highly dependent on the severity, the higher, the more C loss to atmosphere due to?fires, and the more dead woods produced by fires and insects. The rates of biomass increase with an increase in stand age are different among the species. The changes in forest C stocks?in the forest are almost species

关键词： Disturbances Insects Fire Biomass Forest-DNDC Spatially-Explicit Modeling Approach REDD

Pressure Dip of Conical Sand Pile Formed in Water

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Pressure Dip of Conical Sand Pile Formed in Water

Characterization of Strength Anisotropy of Fiber-Reinforced Sand

The 16th Annual Conference of Hong Kong Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 2012、The 1st Mainland-Hong Kong Youth Forum on Mechanics 2012、The 8th Shanghai-Hong Kong Forum on Mechanics and Its Application 2012

作者： T.Shan j.D.Zhao Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClearwater BayKowloonHong Kong

The interaction between fluid and particle may affect the formation of sand pile in water and the characteristics of central pressure dip along its *** this study we present a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) and Discrete Element Method(DEM) study on the influence by pouring sand into a still water *** compared to the dry case,the pressure dip is found to be moderately reduced by the presence of water(see Fig.1).The contact force chain network and the local void ratio in the wet case also appear to be less heterogeneous than in the dry case(see Fig.2). In line with the study,future work will focus on practical applications where fluid-particle interaction is important,such as soil erosion and debris flow.

关键词： Pressure Dip of Conical Sand Pile Formed in Water

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Characterization of Strength Anisotropy of Fiber-Reinforced ...

Dinoflagellates chromosomes as a model for studying plant telomeric nucleosomes

作者： Z.W.Gao j.D.Zhao Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClearwater BayKowloonHong Kong

Fiber reinforcement has become a popular means in practice for soil reinforcement,near surface soil stabilization and mitigation of the risk of soil *** of the strength of fiber-reinforced sand needs a proper failure *** study presents a three-dimensional anisotropic failure criterion for fiber-reinforced sand by assuming that the total strength of the composite is a combination of the shear resistance of the host soil and the reinforcement of *** particular,an anisotropic variable defined by the joint invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor and a deviatoric fiber distribution tensor is introduced in the criterion to quantify the fiber orientation with respect to the strain rate/stress direction at *** further consideration of fiber density concentration and aspect ratio,the proposed criterion is applied to predict the failure of fiber-reinforced sand under conventional triaxial compression/extension tests,for both isotropically and orientated distributed fiber *** predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations(Fig.1).The study may provide useful reference for other reinforcing approaches such a biotechnical means(e.g.,through plant roots) and soil nails as well.

关键词： Characterization of Strength Anisotropy of Fiber-Reinforced Sand

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Dinoflagellates chromosomes as a model for studying plant te...

多聚紫杉醇洗脱支架与裸金属支架治疗复杂冠心病患者的比较

中国植物学会植物细胞生物学2010年学术年会

作者： Yan,T.H.K. Wong,j.T.Y. Division of Life sciences Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClearwater BayKowloonHong Kong

Telomeres and telomerases are responsible for the protection and maintenance of chromosome ends in *** little is known about the role of telomeric *** chromosomes are uniquely characterized in having permanently condensed *** ubiquitous condensin complexes are responsible for chromosome condensation in both prokaryotes and *** report here that the dinoflagellate condensing subunit ccSMC2 and ccSMC4 genes,in two separate phylogenetic trees,form closest clade with orthologs from *** studies revealed a low protein(acid-soluble) to DNA ratio in dinoflagellate chromosomes and that there are no nucleosomes in the bulk of dinoflagellate ***,recent Expressed Sequence Tagged(EST) projects reported several core histone orthologs from dinoflagellate *** preliminary immunoblot data confirmed the presence of multimeric histones in isolated chromosomes of *** addition to the absence of nucleosomes in the chromosome bulk,dinoflagellate chromosomes are also devoid of apparent centromeres,consistent with the core histones being required for possible stabilization of *** recent work demonstrated that dinoflagellates have large telomere sizes as observed in higher eukaryotes,with canonical plant telomeric repeats(TTTAGGG). Telomerase activities were demonstrated with standard TRAP assay using primers from plantae-origin. Our immunofluorescent studies confirm that dinoflagellate histone H3 are indeed localized to chromosome *** nuclease protection assay confirms that most genomic DNA are not protected by nucleosomes and protected DNAs react positively to plant telomeric probe in southern blot *** quantity of highly purified dinoflagellate chromosomes and nuclei(over 10 urn in size) can be prepared *** summary,we propose dinoflagellates chromosomes as a model for studying plant telomeric *** present work was partly

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2006年第3期25卷 131-138页

作者： Gregg W．Stone Stephen G.Ellis Louis Cannon j.Tift Mann joel D.Greenberg Douglas Spriggs Charles D O’Shaughnessy Samuel DeMaio Patrick Hall jeffrey j．Popma joerg Koglin Mary E．Russell 倪永斌（译）孙艺红（译）胡大一（校） Department of Cardiology Columbia University Medical Center and Cardiovascular Research FoundationNew YorkNY Department of Cardiology Cleveland Clinic FoundatiClevelandOhio Department of Cardiology Northem Michigan HospitalsPetoskey WakeMed Raleigh．NC Department of Cardiology Florida Heart InstituteOrlando Department of Candiology Morton Plant HospitalClearwaterFla Department of Cardiology Elyria Memorial HospitalElyriaOhio Department of Cardiology South Austin HospitalAustinTex DePartment of Cardiolosy South Carolina Heart CenterColumbia DePartment of Cardiology Brigham and Women＇s HospitalBostonMass Boston Scientific Corp NatickMass 不详

背景：与裸金属支架相比，药物洗脱支架可降低非复杂病变的再狭窄发生率。尚未在复杂狭窄病变中评价药物洗脱支架的应用情况。目的：在比既往试验更复杂的患者人群中研究多聚缓释紫杉醇洗脱支架的安全性和效果。设计、地点及参试者：于2... 详细信息

背景：与裸金属支架相比，药物洗脱支架可降低非复杂病变的再狭窄发生率。尚未在复杂狭窄病变中评价药物洗脱支架的应用情况。目的：在比既往试验更复杂的患者人群中研究多聚缓释紫杉醇洗脱支架的安全性和效果。设计、地点及参试者：于2003年2月至2004年3月在66家大学和社区医疗机构进行前瞻性、安慰剂对照、双盲、多中心试验。1 156例患者接受了单支冠状动脉狭窄（血管直径，2．25～4．0 mm；病变长度，10～46 mm）支架植入治疗，包括664例（57．4％）患有复杂或既往未曾研究的病变（需要2．25 mm、4．0mm和／或多个支架），并于9个月时进行临床和血管造影随访。干预：患者随机分配接受1个或多个裸金属支架（n=579）或者外观相同的紫杉醇洗脱支架（n=577）。主要观测指标：9个月时因缺血而需要靶血管血运重建。结果：基线特征匹配良好。糖尿病患者占31％。平均（SD）参照血管直径为2．69（0．57）mm，参照病变长度为17．2（9．2）mm，B：／C型病变占78％。每个病变平均植入1．38（0．58）个支架（总平均长度[SD]，28．4[13．1]mm）；需要多个支架的病变占33％。使用直径2．25 mm和4．0 mm支架的病变分别为18％和17％。与裸金属支架相比，紫杉醇洗脱支架可使9个月靶病变血运重建率从15．7％降至8．6％（P＜0．001），靶血管血运重建率从17．3％降至12．1％（P=0．02）。心源性死亡或心肌梗死（裸金属支架5．5％，紫杉醇洗脱支架5．7％）和支架血栓形成发生率两者类似（两组均为0．7％）。在整个研究队列，血管造影再狭窄从33．9％降至18．9％（P＜0．001），包括采用2．25 mm支架（49．4％比31．2％；P=0．01）、4．0mm支架（14．4％比3．5％；P=0．02）和多个支架（57．8％比27．2％；P＜0．001）的患者。结论：与裸金属支架相比，在有复杂病变的患者人群中植入紫杉醇洗脱支架可有效降低临床和血管造影再狭窄的发生率。

关键词：金属支架治疗药物洗脱支架冠心病患者复杂病变紫杉醇支架植入治疗多中心试验社区医疗机构血管直径冠状动脉狭窄