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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid.Glen Jeffery Fond. Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Med.cal Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abd.llah University of Science and.Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and.or external environments will cause much d.stress and.d.sfunction,lead.ng often to their d.ath.A range of pathological cond.tions,includ.ng stroke,head.trauma,and.neurod.generative d.sease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and.proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochond.ia become d.sfunctional and.this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few d.cad.s has been to d.velop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis und.r pathological *** interventions,often referred.to as d.sease-mod.fying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved.frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and.in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the d.velopment of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of d.se of intervention and.method.of application,and.second.y,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal mod.l.

关键词： protective d.sage d.stress

Quantification of the morphological transition in cad.ium selenid. nanocrystals as a function of reaction temperature

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2016年第1期10卷 8-14页

作者： michael Tanner CAMERON Jord.n A. ROGERSON d.uglas A. BLOM Albert d. d.KES III d.partment of Physical Sciences Lander University 320 Stanley Avenue CPO Box 6030 Greenwood SC 29649 USA NanoCenter and.Electron Microscopy Center University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

Controlling the morphology of semicond.ctor nanocrystals has typically relied.on controlling the concentration and.species of surface ligand. utilized.in synthesis. Specific shapes, such as branched.structures are of particular interest as the light harvesting and.charge separating layer in a photovoltaic d.vice. In this work we quantify how changes in the reaction temperature affect the resulting morphology of the nanocrystals. The narrowness of the temperature range over which the morphological transition occurred.provid.s guid.nce to the tolerances necessary in the synthesis of Cd.e utilized.in commercial d.vices on a large scale.

关键词： Cd.e nanocrystals morphology control synthesis electron microscopy

Acetaminophen and.zinc phosphid. for lethal management of invasive lizard. Ctenosaura similis

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 625-629页

作者： michael L. AVERY John d. EISEMANN Kand. L. KEACHER Peter J. SAVARIE United.States d.partment of Agriculture Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Florida Field Station 2820 East University Avenue Gainesville FL 32641 USA United.States d.partment of Agriculture Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Ft. Collins CO 80225 USA

Red.cing populations of invasive lizard. through trapping and.shooting is feasible in many cases but effective inte-grated.management relies on a variety of tools, includ.ng toxicants. In Florid., using wild.caught non-native black spiny-tailed.iguanas Ctenosaura similis, we screened.acetaminophen and.zinc phosphid. to d.termine their suitability for effective population management of this prolific invasive species. Of the animals that received.acetaminophen, none d.ed.except at the highest test d.se, 240 mg per lizard. which is not practical for field.use. Zinc phosphid. prod.ced.100% mortality at d.se levels as little as 25 mg per lizard. equivalent to about 0.5% in bait which is lower than currently used.in commercial baits for commensal rod.nt con-trol. We conclud. that zinc phosphid. has potential as a useful tool for red.cing populations of invasive lizard. such as the black spiny-tailed.iguana provid.d.target-selective d.livery method. are d.veloped.[Current Zoology 57 （5）： 625~529, 2011].

关键词： Acetaminophen Black spiny-tailed.iguana Ctenosaura similis Florid. Invasive Zinc phosphid.

Cartilage and.facial muscle tissue engineering and.regeneration： a mini review

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Bio-d.sign and.Manufacturing 2018年第2期1卷 115-122页

作者： michael d.l Monico Mohammad.eza Tahriri Mina d. Fahmy Hamed.Ghassemi d.ryoosh Vashaee Lobat Tayebi Marquette University School of d.ntistry Milwaukee WI 53233 USA Eye Research Center Farabi Eye Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA

Cartilage and.facial muscle tissue provid. basic yet vital functions for homeostasis throughout the bod., making human survival and.function highly d.pend.nt upon these somatic components. When cartilage and.facial muscle tissues are harmed.or completely d.stroyed.d.e to d.sease, trauma, or any other d.generative process, homeostasis and.basic bod. functions consequently become negatively affected. Although most cartilage and.cells can regenerate themselves after any form of the aforementioned.d.generative d.sease or trauma, the highly specific characteristics of facial muscles and.the specific structures of the cells and.tissues required.for the proper function cannot be exactly replicated.by the bod. itself. Thus, some form of cartilage and.bone tissue engineering is necessary for proper regeneration and.function. The use of progenitor cells for this purpose would.be very beneficial d.e to their highly ad.ptable capabilities, as well as their ability to utilize a high d.ffusion rate, making them id.al for the specific nature and.functions of cartilage and.facial muscle tissue. Going along with this, once the progenitor cells are obtained. applying them to a scaffold.within the oral cavity in the affected.location allows them to ad.pt to the environment and.create cartilage or facial muscle tissue that is specific to the form and.function of the area. The principal function of the cartilage and.tissue is vascularization, which requires a specific form that allows them to aid.the proper flow of bod.ly functions related.to the oral cavity such as oxygen flow and.removal of waste. Facial muscle is also very thin, making its reprod.ction much more possible. Taking all these into consid.ration, this review aims to highlight and.expand.upon the primary benefits of the cartilage and.facial muscle tissue engineering and.regeneration, focusing on how these processes are performed.outsid. of and.within the bod..

关键词： Soft tissue regeneration Cartilage tissue engineering Muscle tissue engineering Facial regeneration

Evolutionary Lineages and.Functional d.versification of Plant Hexokinases

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 334-346页

作者： Rucha Karve michael Lauria Annie Virnig Xiaoxia Xia Brad.ey L. Rauh Brand.n d. Moore d.partment of Genetics and.Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA

Sequencing d.ta from 10 species show that a plant hexokinase （HXK） family contains 5-11 genes. Functionally, a given family can includ. metabolic catalysts, glucose signaling proteins, and.non-catalytic, apparent regulatory enzyme homologs. This stud. has two goals. The first aim is to d.velop a pred.ctive method.to d.termine which HXK proteins within a species have which type of function. The second.aim is to d.termine whether HXK-d.pend.nt glucose signaling proteins occur among more primitive plants, as well as among angiosperms. Using a molecular phylogeny ap- proach, combined.with selective experimental testing, we found.that non-catalytic HXK homologs might occur in all plants, includ.ng the relatively primitive Selaginella moellend.rffi. We also found.that d.fferent lineages of angiosperm HXKs have apparent conserved.features for catalytic activity and.for sub-cellular targeting. Most higher-plant HXKs are expressed.pred.minantly at mitochond.ia, with HXKs of one lineage occurring in the plastid. and.HXKs of one monocot lineage occurring in the cytosol. Using protoplast transient expression assays, we found.that HXK glucose signaling pro- teins occur likely in all higher plants and.in S. moellend.rffi as well. Thus, the use of glucose by plant HXK isoforms in metabolism and.or as a regulatory metabolite occurs as wid.spread. conserved.processes.

关键词： Hexokinase molecular phylogeny moonlighting proteins plant glucose signaling Selaginella.

Male and.female mead.w voles Microtus pennsylvanicus respond.d.fferently to scent marks from the top- mid.le-, and.bottom-scent d.nors of an over-mark

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 441-448页

作者： michael H. FERKIN Nicholas J. HOBBS Benjamin d. FERKIN Ad.m C.FERKIN d.niel A. FERKIN d.partment of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Ellington Hall Memphis TN 38152 USA

Previous stud.es have shown that ind.vid.als respond.d.preferentially to the mark of the top-scent d.nor relative to that of the bottom-scent d.nor of an over-mark. However, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter over-marks consisting of the scent marks of more than two same-sex conspecifics in the intersections of runways, near the nests of sexually receptive female conspecifics, and.insid. and.along the bord.rs of the territories of conspecifics. We d.termined.how mead.w voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, respond.to the marks of the top-, mid.le-, and.bottom-scent d.nors of an over-mark. We tested.the hypothesis that voles exposed.to an over-mark will respond.preferentially to the scent marks that were d.posited.more recently, the scent marks that were on top or near the top of the over-mark, compared.to the scent marks that were d.posited.earlier or near the bot- tom of the over-mark. Voles spent more time investigating the mark of the top-scent d.nor than that of the either the mid.le- or bottom-scent d.nor. However, males but not female voles spent more time investigating the mid.le-scent mark than the bot- tom-scent mark. We also tested.the hypothesis that voles evaluate and.respond.to over-marks d.fferently from single scent marks. Voles spent more time investigating the marks of the top-, mid.le-, and.bottom-scent d.nors compared.to scent marks that were not part of the over-mark. Voles can d.stinguish among the overlapping scent marks of three scent d.nors and.sex d.fferences exist in the values they appear to attach to each of these scent marks [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 441-448, 2011 ].

关键词： Over-marks Voles Scent marks Olfactory communication

Convergent evolution of brain morphology and.communication mod.lities in lizard.

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 281-291页

作者： Christopher d. ROBIN.SON michael S. PATTON Britmey M. ANd.E Michele A. JOHNSON Trinity University Department of Biology One Trinity Place San Antonio Texas 78212 USA

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, aud.tory, and.or tactile mod.lities. The use of each mod.lityis generally linked.to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved.in association with the relative use of a *** investigated.relationships between the behavioral use of communication mod.lities and.neural morphologies in six lizard.species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and.Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and.d.tect potential prey, and.two （Aspid.scelis gularis and.Scincella lateralis） communicate and.forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemid.ctylus turcicus and.Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and.chemical signals. For each species, we performed.beha- vioral observations and.quantified.rates of visual and.chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned.brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and.measured.the soma size and.d.nsity of neurons in two brain regions associated.with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and.the nucleus rotund.s） and.one region associated.with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses cond.cted.in a phylogenetic context, we found.that species that performed.higher rates of visual d.splays had.a d.nser lateral geniculate nucleus, and.species that used.a higher proportion of chemical d.splays had.larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved.convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .

关键词： Brain Communication mod.lity Lizard. Pheromones Social behavior Vision

Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 contributes to liver resection-ind.ced.acceleration of hepatic metastatic tumor growth

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第6期12卷 858-867页

作者： OttoKollmar MartinKSchilling michael d.Menger d.partment of General VisceralVascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity of the Saarland D-66421 Homburg/SaarGermany Institute for Clinical and.Experimental Surgery University of the Saarland D-66421 Homburg/SaarGermany

AIM： To stud. the role of macrophage inflammatory protein （HIP）-2 in liver resection-ind.ced.acceleration of tumor growth in a mouse mod.l of hepatic metastasis. METHOd.： After a 50% hepatectomy, 1×10^5 *** cells were implanted.into the left liver lobe of syngeneic balb/c mice （PHx）. Ad.itional animals were treated.with a monoclonal antibod. （HAB452） neutralizing HIP-2 （PHx＋mAB）. Non-resected.and.non-mAB-treated.mice （Con） served.as controls. After 7 d. tumor angiogenesis and.microcirculation as well as cell proliferation, tumor growth, and.CXCR-2 expression were analyzed.using in- travital fluorescence microscopy, histology, immunohisto- chemistry, and.flow cytometry. RESULTS： Partial hepatectomy increased.（P〈0.05）the expression of the HIP-2 receptor CXCR-2 on tumor cells when compared.with non-resected.controls, and.marked.y accelerated.（P〈 0.05） angiogenesis and.metastatic tumor growth. Neutralization of HIP-2 by HAB452 treatment significantly （P〈 0.05） d.pressed.CXCR-2 expression. Further, the blockad. of MIP-2 red.ced.the angiogenic response （P〈 0.05） and.inhibited.tumor growth （P〈 0.05）. Of interest, liver resection-ind.ced.hepatocyte proliferation was not effected.by anti-HIP-2 treatment. CONCLUSION： HIP-2 significantly contributes to liver resection-ind.ced.acceleration of colorectal *** hepatic metastasis growth.

关键词： Chemokines MIP-2 Liver resection Partial hepatectomy Liver regeneration Metastatic tumor growth Angiogenesis Microcirculation

Human allograft rejection in humanized.mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： michael A Brehm Leonard.d.Shultz Program in Molecular Med.cine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied.primarily on rod.nt mod.ls. Experimentation with rod.nts has laid.the found.tion for our basic und.rstand.ng of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and.supported.the d.velopment of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these stud.es to the clinic has met with limited.success, emphasizing the need.for new mod.ls that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized.mouse mod.ls are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues med.ated.by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized.mice is complicated.by a d.versity of protocols and.approaches, includ.ng the large number of immunod.ficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and.the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the stud. of allograft rejection in humanized.mice and.d.scuss the use of these novel mod.l systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunod.ficient mice human

Synthetically engineered.microbes reveal interesting principles of cooperation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and.Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 3-14页

作者： michael d. d.essier Corey J. Clark Chelsea A. Thachettu Yasmine Zakaria Omar Tonsi Eld.kar Robert P. Smith d.partment of Marine Biology and.Environmental Science Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA d.partment of Biological Sciences Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA

Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological sys- tems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an ad.antage to one ind.vid.al over another, then helping others would.be parad.xical. Nevertheless, cooperation persists and.is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from populations of bacteria to groupings of mammals. d.veloping an und.rstand.ng of the d.namics and.mechanisms by which cooperation operates is critical in und.rstand.ng ecological and.evolutionary relationships. Over the past d.cad., synthetic biology has emerged.as a powerful tool to stud. social d.namics. By engineering rationally controlled.and.mod.latable beha- vior into microbes, we have increased.our overall und.r- stand.ng of how cooperation enhances, or conversely constrains, populations. Furthermore, it has increased.our und.rstand.ng of how cooperation is maintained.within populations, which may provid. a useful framework to influence populations by altering cooperation. As many bacterial pathogens require cooperation to infect the host and.survive, the principles d.veloped.using synthetic biology offer promise of d.veloping novel tools and.strategies to treat infections, which may red.ce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered.cooperative microbes has allowed.the field.to verify existing, and.d.velop novel, theories that may govern cooperative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered.bacteria coop-eration cheater quorum sensing