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erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： Mark T.Richardson Rasmus e.Benestad Jet Propulsion laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Physical Data and Processes

HIeRARCHICAl STOCHASTIC FINITe eleMeNT MeTHOD FOR STRUCTURAl ANAlYSIS

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2013年第2期26卷 189-196页

作者： lufeng Yang Yue'e Zhou Jingjing Zhou Meilan Wang The Key lab of engineering Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of China Ministry of education School of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureGuangxi University

In this paper, the hierarchical approach is adopted for series representation of the stochastic nodal displacement vector using the hierarchical basis vectors, while the Karhunen- loire series expansion technique is employed to discretize the random field into a set of random variables. A set of hierarchical basis vectors are defined to approximate the stochastic response quantities. The stochastic variational principle instead of the projection scheme is adopted to develop a hierarchical stochastic finite element method （HSFeM） for stochastic structures under stochastic loads. Simplified expressions of coefficients of governing equations and the first two statistical moments of the response quantities in the schemes of the HSFeM are developed, so that the time consumed for computation can be greatly reduced. Investigation in this paper suggests that the HSFeM yields a series of stiffness equations with similar dimensionality as the perturbation stochastic finite element method （PSFeM）. Two examples are presented for numerical study on the performance of the HSFeM in elastic structural problems with stochastic Young＇s Modulus and external loads. Results show that the proposed method can achieve higher accuracy than the PSFeM for cases with large coefficients of variation, and yield results agreeing well with those obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation （MCS）.

关键词： hierarchical stochastic finite element method random field variational principle,Karhunen-loeve series

environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases:Knowns and unknowns

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3768-3778页

作者： Juliane I.Beier Gavin e.Arteel Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Pittsburgh liver Research Center and University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15213USA Department of environmental and Occupational Health University of PittsburghPA 15213USA

liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic ***,inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors,and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive *** "pure" genetic and "pure" xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors,identified or *** purpose of this review is to highlight the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the development of liver disease by other *** exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component,but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is sufficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a *** review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the *** together,identifying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward,or at the very least to "know what we don't know."

关键词： Hepatic injury exposomics liver disease Drug-induced liver injury Alcoholic liver disease Non-alcoholic liver disease Inherited liver disease Autoimmune liver disease

Surface diffusivity of atomic deuterium on Ni_3(Al, Ti)(110) surface with and without boron

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2002年第4期12卷 649-652页

作者： J.l.Wang Y.W.Chung DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandengineering RobertR.McCormickSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedScienceNorthwesternUniversityEvanstonIL60208USA DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandengineering RobertR.McCormic

The electron stimulated desorption was used to measure the surface diffusivity of atomic deuterium on clean and boron modified Ni 3(Al, Ti)(110) surfaces. Boron dosing was performed using a solid state boron ion source. earlier studies showed that boron dissociates water readily at temperatures as low as 130?K and that the resulting atomic hydrogen is bound to the surface strongly. The surface diffusion coefficient of atomic D on 0.05 monolayer boron modified surface was measured to be about 10 times smaller than that on the clean surface. This slower diffusion of atomic hydrogen may explain why boron improves the ductility of polycrystalline Ni 3Al in moist environments.

关键词：氘原子表面扩散硼 Ni3Al Ni3Ti 金属间化合物

Using pXRF and vis-NIR spectra for predicting properties of soils developed in loess

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 602-615页

作者： Gafur GOZUKARA Yakun ZHANG Alfred e.HARTeMINK University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveMadison WI 53706USA eskisehir Osmangazi University Department of Soil Science and Plant NutritionEskisehir 26160Turkey

Visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometers have been increasingly utilized for predicting soil properties worldwide. However, only a few studies have focused on splitting the predictive models by horizons to evaluate prediction performance and systematically compare prediction performance for A, B, and combined A+B horizons. Therefore, we investigated the performance of pXRF and vis-NIR spectra, as individual or combined, for predicting the clay, silt, sand, total carbon (TC), and pH of soils developed in loess, and compared their prediction performance for A, B, and A+B horizons. Soil samples (176 in A horizon and 172 in B horizon) were taken from Mollisols and Alfisols in 136 pedons in Wisconsin, USA and analyzed for clay, silt, sand, pH, and TC. The pXRF and vis-NIR spectrometers were used to measure the pXRF and vis-NIR soil spectra. Data were separated into calibration (n = 244, 70%) and validation (n = 104, 30%) datasets. The Savitzky-Golay filter was applied to preprocess the pXRF and vis-NIR spectra, and the first 10 principal components (PCs) were selected through principal component analysis (PCA). Five types of predictor, i.e., PCs from vis-NIR spectra, pXRF of beams at 0–40 and 0–10 keV (XRF40 and XRF10, respectively) spectra, combined XRF40 and XRF10 (XRF40+XRF10) spectra, and combined XRF40, XRF10, and vis-NIR (XRF40+XRF10+vis-NIR) spectra, were compared for predicting soil properties using a machine learning algorithm (Cubist model). A multiple linear regression (MlR) model was applied to predict clay, silt, sand, pH, and TC using pXRF elements. The results suggested that pXRF spectra had better prediction performance for clay, silt, and sand, whereas vis-NIR spectra produced better TC and pH predictions. The best prediction performance for sand (R2= 0.97), silt (R2= 0.95), and clay (R2= 0.84) was achieved using vis-NIR+XRF40+XRF10 spectra in B horizon, whereas the best prediction performance for TC (R2= 0.93)

关键词： Cubist model machine learning algorithm portable X-ray fluorescence spectra soil elements visible near-infrared spectra

Structural engineering design of carbon dots for lubrication

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Chinese Chemical letters 2021年第9期32卷 2693-2714页

作者： Chuang He Shuang e Honghao Yan Xiaojie li State Key laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial equipment Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Research Center for Analytical Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Carbon dots(CDs)have opened up a new field of carbon nanomaterials and successively attracted increasing attention since their discovery in *** to their ultrasmall size,tunable surface functional groups,excellent dispersibility,attractive stability,low toxicity,environmental friendliness,facile synthesis and low-cost precursors,CDs have been developed as green and promising frictionreducing and anti-wear materials in lubrication science,applied to energy conservation and extension of mechanical service life in recent ***,there are few reviews focusing on the application of CDs in the important field of *** this review,we comprehensively summarize the development of CDs in lubrication for the first ***,three strategies for structural engineering design of CDs to improve their tribological characteristics are fully analyzed,in terms of size and shape control,surface modification and heteroatom ***,the advance in lubrication application of CDs,including CDs as additives for lubricants,greases,gel and magnetorheological fluids as well as CDs as lubricating coatings,is systematically ***,the lubricating mechanisms of CDs as additives are introduced in ***,the remaining major challenges and opportunities for CDs in lubrication field are discussed and outlined.

关键词： Carbon dots lubrication Tribological characteristics lubricating mechanism

The computerized lASSI-BC Test versus the Standard lASSI-l Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie e. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth liz Gallardo emory Neer Sofia Ramirez elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the lASSI-l. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PeT. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the lASSI-l (lASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the lASSI-l. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the lASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the lASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil lASSI-l. Overall, the lASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil lASSI-l. Advantages of the lASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference lASSI-l Computerized Cognitive Assessment

Changing mountain farmscapes: vulnerability and migration drivers in the Paute River watershed,Southern ecuador

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第7期18卷 1902-1919页

作者： Mario e.DONOSO Fausto O.SARMIeNTO Unit of engineering Industry and ConstructionCatholic University of CuencaCuenca 010150Ecuador VlIR-IUC Program in Migration and local Development University of Cuenca-Flemish UniversitiesCuenca 010150Ecuador Neotropical Montology Collaborator Department of GeographyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGa.30602USA

Abrupt changes in land use/land cover have often characterized Andean rural *** is particularly notorious in the Paute River watershed in southern *** seek to show how,under tenets of the global economy,rural mountain landscapes suffer constant modifications due to the agricultural practices of dwellers and *** of arable slopes takes center stage in analyzing vulnerability due to the high erodibility factor found in this *** using remote sensing and GIS applications,we analyzed the potential erodibility with intersections of rural development constraining of ecosystem services,including the production of water,food,and cultural values in the Paute River *** found six sources of migratory flows and analyzed topographic and elevation effects in potential erodibility indexes of agroecological options to ameliorate the environmental *** identified factors associated with migration trends observed in the area and assessed vulnerability issues of resource management that could prevent deforestation,soil erosion,and acculturation amidst the pressures of development in the *** conclude that sustainable development options can be implemented with a watershed management approach oriented to diminish *** approach shall be integrative,inclusive,and respectful of the rich biocultural diversity heritage conservation of southern ecuador.

关键词： Farmscapes erodibility Migration Rurality Paute-ecuador

ON A NeW ClASS OF ANAlYTIC FUNCTION DeRIVeD BY A FRACTIONAl DIFFeReNTIAl OPeRATOR

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2014年第5期34卷 1417-1426页

作者： Rabha W.IBRAHIM Janusz SOKól Institute of Mathematical Sciences University Malaya Department of Mathematics Rzeszów University of Technologyul. W. Pola 2 35-959 Rzeszów Poland

Making use of the fractional differential operator, we impose and study a new class of analytic functions in the unit disk （type fractional differential equation）. The main object of this paper is to investigate inclusion relations, coefficient bound for this class. Moreover, we discuss some geometric properties of the fractional differential operator.

关键词： analytic function fractional calculus fractional differential operator univalentfunction unit disk bounded turning function