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Chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2258-2271页

作者： Caroline Valibouze Caroline Dubuquoy Philippe Chavatte micha.l Genin Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux Christel Rousseaux Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille UniversityLille 59037France Intestinal Biotech Development Facultéde MédicineLille 59045France U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Universitéde LilleLille 59000France UlR 2694-METRICS Évaluation des Technologies de santéet des Pratiques MédicalesUniversity of LilleLille 59000France KitoZyme SA Institution SociétéAnonymeZone 2Parc des Hauts SartsRue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological ***,recommended treatments remain limited,yielding only limited therapeutic ***-glucan(CG)is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety *** provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS,we performed preclinical molecular,cellular,and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in *** To evaluate the roles of CG in visceral analgesia,intestinal inflammation,barrier function,and to develop computational molecular *** Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension(CRD)in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS[15 milligrams(mg)/kilogram(kg)]in 33 Sprague-Dawley *** pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment(weeks 0,3,5,and 7)in animals receiving CG(n=14)at a human equivalent dose(HED)of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control(tap water,n=11)and positive control(phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED,n=8)*** anti-inflammatory effect of CG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 C57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)administered in their drinking water during 14 ***-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(lPS)were treated with CG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia μ-opioid receptor(MOR),cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,inflammation[interleukin(Il)-10,Il-1b,and Il-8]and barrier function[mucin 2-5AC,claudin-2,zonula occludens(ZO)-1,ZO-2]using the real-time PCR *** modelling of CG,lPS,lipoteichoic acid(lTA),and phospholipomannan(PlM)was developed,and the abili

关键词： Chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Inflammation Intestinal barrier Molecular modelling Microbial cell walls chelation

Immunovirological Profile of HIV1 Infection in Children and Adolescents Followed at the Bangui Pediatric University Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 585-597页

作者： Simplice Cyriaque Kango Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita Marie Colette Nganda-Bangue micha.l Dan-Houron Alexandre Manirakiza Jean Chrysostome Gody Department of The Clinique Mé dicale Infantile Raymond Max Siopathis University Children&#8217s Hospital Bangui CAR Faculty of Health Sciences (FACSS) Bangui CAR National laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui CAR Pasteur Institute Bangui CAR

History: Pediatric management of HIV infection in children in the Central African Republic began in 2004 with the use of fractionated adult antiretrovirals and Cotrimoxazole. It has evolved over the years with the use of pediatric forms, oral suspensions and dispersible tablets. The transition to Dolutegravir took place in 2020. The active file of our patients will grow from 78 to over 1900 today. Follow-up examinations are carried out to assess adherence to treatment. Objective: To determine the immunovirological profile and factors associated with treatment failure during follow-up of children on ART at the Bangui pediatric university hospital. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study from May 30 to December 02, 2022. The study sample was drawn from a cohort of HIV-1-infected children followed up at the Bangui pediatric university hospital and on ART for three semesters who met the selection criteria. Results: The prevalence of treatment failure varied from one semester to the next. Thus, the prevalence of therapeutic failure was 20% in the first semester, 10% in the second semester and 7% in the third semester. The prevalence of virological failure was 10.28% in the first half of the year, 6.91% in the second half and 4.98% in the third. Secondly, immunological failure was 0.48% in the first half of the year, 0.32% in the second 0.64% in the third half. Finally, clinical failure was 8.82% in the first half, 4.82% in the second half, 1.92% in the third half. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with treatment failure were male gender (p 1000 copies/ml (p Conclusion: The occurrence of treatment failures in children is a major problem, especially in our resource-limited countries, given the challenges facing antiretroviral therapy. It is therefore necessary to carry out a study on resistance genotyping in order to propose correct management protocols, as the future of treatment programs depends on it.

关键词： Profile Immunovirological HIV/AIDS Children Bangui

Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availability in Ferralsols and Rice Production in Forest Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 33-53页

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Brahima Kone Kouadio Amani Franck micha.l lemonou Bahan Jean lopez Essehi Brou Kouame François lompo Albert Yao-Kouame National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) Sustainable Soil and Water Management Program Bouaké C&ocircte d’Ivoire Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Man Research Station Rice Program Man C&ocircte d’Ivoire Environment and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Phosphorus bioavailability has long been a recurring problem in tropical acid soils. A pot experiment was carried out during three (3) successive rice production cycles at Adiopodoumé to evaluate the response of the NERICA 5 rice accession to various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. The experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and Togo natural phosphate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were determined at each production cycle. The results showed that single-dose natural phosphate supplementation for three cropping cycles resulted in an average enrichment of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 after each trial following its continuous dissolution, with an increase in DSP (33.31% to 70.52%). The study revealed one strategy for managing and enhancing native P with cations and another for exogenous P: there would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on native P, whereas an antagonism would characterize the two parameters in phosphate fertilization.

关键词： Soil Acidity Native and Exogenous Phosphorus Free Iron Ca/Mg Balances Rice Growing Côte d’Ivoire

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs Pál Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synaptic N-met hyl-D-aspartate receptors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory postsynaptic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion pathways from the release site towards the extra synaptic recepto *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under pathological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synaptic strength via eliciting timing-dependent synaptic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synaptic plasticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be important regionspecific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the pathophysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than physiological *** inward currents are identified in the pathophysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hypersynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to paroxysmal depolarizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to epilepsy,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlapping with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical spreading depolarization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA receptor paroxysmal depolarizational shift slow inward current

On calculating glacial isostatic adjustment

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第5期15卷 441-452页

作者： l.M.Cathles Cornell University IthacaNY 14853USA

Modeling the earth's fluid and elastic response to the melting of the glaciers of the last ice age is the most direct way to infer the earth's radial viscosity ***,we compare two methods for calculating the viscoelastic response to surface *** one,the elastic equation of motion is converted to a viscoelastic equation using the Correspondence *** the other,elastic deformation is added to the viscous flow as isostatic adjustment *** two modeling methods predict adjustment histories that are different enough to potentially impact the interpretation of the observed glacial isostatic adjustment(GIA).The differences arise from buoyancy and whether fluid displacements are subjected to hydrostatic *** methods agree if they use the same equations and boundary *** origin of the differences is determined by varying the boundary conditions and pre-stress application.

关键词： Glacial isostatic adjustment Viscoelastic normal modes Hydrostatic pre-stress Elastic buoyancy Correspondence principle

Effect of radiative loss mechanisms on FIR thermometric parameters of Nd^(3+)-doped lithium tellurite glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1250-1257,I0002页

作者： C.Y.Morassuti A.P.l Silva l.A.O.Nunes S.M.lima l.H.C.Andrade Optical and Photothermal Spectroscopy Group(GEOF) Center for Studies in Natural Resources(CERNA)State University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UEMS)C.P.351DouradosMSBrazil Renato Archer Information Technology Center Dom Pedro I Highway(SP-65)Km 1436-Chácaras Campos dos AmaraisCampinasSPBrazil Institute of Physics of São Carlos University of São PauloSão CarlosSPBrazil

Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glasses are promising materials for thermometers based on the fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)***,at high Nd^(3+)concentrations,energy transfer(ET)processes such as optical reabsorption and cross-relaxation can affect the Nd^(3+)emission,which has been little explored in the ***,the present work investigated the use of Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass(samples doped with Nd^(3+)at 0.2 mol%,0.5 mol%,2.0 mol%,and 4.0 mol%)in fluorescence thermometers,in the temperature range from 299 to 371 *** results indicate a strong dependence of the FIR parameters on the Nd^(3+)concentration,due to changes in the emission band profiles caused by optical reabsorption of the Nd^(3+)emissions and cross-relaxation processes.A decrease of the relative sensitivity of the ratio^(4)F_(5/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)/^(4)F_(3/2)→^(4)I_(9/2)is observed for samples doped with higher amounts of Nd^(3+).The maximum relative sensitivity at 299 K is 3.00%/K,which is the highest value among the reported Nd^(3+)ions.

关键词： Nd^(3+)-doped tellurite glass Fluorescence intensity ratio Optical thermometry Judd-Ofelt Rare earths

Non-adhesive and adhesive contacts of an elastic quarter-or eighth-space with freely sliding sides

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2052-2063页

作者： Qiang lI Valentin l.POPOV Technische Universität Berlin Berlin 10623Germany

The contact of an elastic quarter-or eighth-space is studied under the condition that the movement of the side surface of the quarter-space is constrained:It can slide freely along the plane of the side surface but its normal movement is blocked(for example,by a rigid wall).The solution of this contact problem can be easily achieved by additionally applying a mirrored load to an elastic ***-adhesive contact and the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts(JKR)-type adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and an elastic quarter-space under such a boundary condition is numerically simulated using the fast Fourier transform(FFT)-assisted boundary element method(BEM).Contacts of an elastic eighth-space are investigated using the same *** on the position of the sphere relative to the side edge,different contact behavior is *** the case of adhesive contact,the force of adhesion first increases with increasing the distance from the edge of the quarter-space,achieves a maximum,and decreases further to the JKR-value in large distance from the *** enhancement of the force of adhesion compared to the half-space-contact is associated with the pinning of the contact area at the *** provide the maps of the force of adhesion and their analytical approximations,as well as pressure distributions in the contact plane and inside the quarter-/eighth-space.

关键词： quarter-space eighth-space adhesion edge effect boundary element method(BEM)

Evaluating the impact of thermostat control strategies on the energy flexibility of residential buildings for space heating

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Building Simulation 2021年第5期14卷 1439-1452页

作者： Kun Zhang micha.l Kummert Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealCanada

Buildings can be operated in an energy-flexible manner while respecting occupant thermal *** energy flexibility of building operations,both in time and quantity,can be harnessed by the electrical grid for load *** the context of smart grid and intelligent buildings,the concept of energy flexibility in buildings broadens the existing demand management thinking from the top-down one-way control to two-way *** paper,extending studies on thermostat controls of heating and air conditioning systems for demand response,evaluates the impact of different control schemes on the energy flexibility of residential *** control strategies,Model Predictive Control(MPC)and Rule-Based Control(RBC),are investigated for a space heating system using co-simulation *** indicators are introduced and adapted from the literature to assess the control performances of the *** results show that different flexibility indicators favour different control strategies in this case *** demand response events of four hours,the MPC strategy presents two to three times of flexible energy than that of *** also delivers 20%more of maximum power reduction during the events against *** RBC strategy,on the other hand,is twice of MPC for flexible energy *** evaluation work can be beneficial to guide the control system design of new buildings or control retrofits of existing buildings that consider better grid-building interactions for the future.

关键词： energy flexibility MPC grid-building interaction demand response

Quantum vortices get stretched

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 225-227页

作者： Emanuel A.l.Henn São Carlos Institute of Physics University of São Paulo-PO Box 36913560-970São CarlosBrazil

Since its discovery, superfluidity [1,2] remains one of the most remarkable phenomena in quantum physics. The onset of the quantum regime in liquid helium is visually striking, when the fluid flows without dissipation or detaches from a rotating bucket, remaining still upon soft rotations. The same phenomenon is present in the context of ultracold bosonic quantum gases where, most of the time, superfluidity walks hand-in-hand with the transition to Bose−Einstein condensation [3].

关键词： quantum rotating rotation