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Seasonal variations in dissolved organic matter concentration and composition in an outdoor system for bank filtration simulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 252-261页

作者： Muhammad Zeeshan Omamah Ali Shamas Tabraiz Aki Sebastian ruhl German Environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany Technische Universitat Berlin Water TreatmentKF4Str.des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Natural and Applied Sciences Section School of Psychology and Life SciencesCanterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT11QUUK

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and *** in DOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of DOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking *** study investigated year-long variations of DOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF *** was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of DOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of DOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to *** fluorescent DOM showed that DOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent DOM was recirculated in the system throughout the *** removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent DOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p0.05)change in the removal of DOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable DOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.

关键词： Bank filtration Dissolved organic matter Dissolved oxygen Fluorescence spectroscopy Excitation-emission matrix

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Burden of gallstone disease in the United States population:Prepandemic rates and trends

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1130-1148页

作者： Aynur Unalp-Arida Constance E ruhl National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892-5458United States Social&Scientific Systems Inc.DLH Holdings Corp CompanySilver SpringMD 20910United States

BACKGROUND Gallstone disease is one of the most common digestive disorders in the United States and leads to significant morbidity,mortality,and health care *** To expand on earlier findings and investigate prepandemic rates and trends in the gallstone disease burden in the United States using national survey and claims *** The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey,National Inpatient Sample,Nationwide Emergency Department Sample,Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample,Vital Statistics of the United States,Optum Clinformatics®Data Mart,and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare 5%Sample and Medicaid files were used to estimate claims-based prevalence,medical care including cholecystectomy,and mortality with a primary or other gallstone *** were age-adjusted(for national databases)and shown per 100000 *** Gallstone disease prevalence(claims-based,2019)was 0.70%among commercial insurance enrollees,1.03%among Medicaid beneficiaries,and 2.09%among Medicare beneficiaries and rose over the previous ***,in the United States population,gallstone disease contributed to approximately 2.2 million ambulatory care visits,1.2 million emergency department visits,625000 hospital discharges,and 2000 deaths *** had higher medical care rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis,but mortality rates were higher among *** had higher ambulatory care visit and hospital discharge rates compared with Whites,but not mortality *** had lower ambulatory care visit and mortality rates,but similar hospital discharge rates compared with *** the study period,ambulatory care and emergency department visit rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis rose,while hospital discharge and mortality rates *** commercial insurance enrollees,rates were higher compared with national data for ambulatory care visits and hospitalizations,but lower for emergency department ***

关键词： Gallstone disease Burden Cholecystectomy Mortality Health care use Cholelithiasis Gallstones Epidemiology

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Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Model-Based Prediction for Protein Content in Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 145-160页

作者： Kavera Biradar Waltram Ravelombola Aurora Manley Caroline ruhl Texas A&M AgriLife Research Vernon TX USA University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad India Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose legume with high quality protein for human consumption and livestock. The objective of this work was to develop near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction models to estimate protein content in cowpea. A total of 116 cowpea breeding lines with a wide range of protein contents (19.28 % to 32.04%) were selected to build the model using whole seed and ground seed samples. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression technique with different pre-treatments (derivatives, standard normal variate, and multiplicative scatter correction) were carried out to develop the protein prediction model. Results showed: 1) spectral plots of both the whole seed and ground seed showed higher spectral scatter at higher wavelengths (>1450 nm), 2) data pre-processing affects prediction accuracy for bot whole seed and ground seed samples, 3) prediction using ground seed samples (0.64 R2 0.85) is better than the whole seed (0.33 R2 0.78), and 4) the data pre-processing second derivative with standard normal variate has the best prediction (R2_whole seed = 0.78, R2_ground seed = 0.85). The results will be of interest in cowpea breeding programs aimed at improving total seed protein content.

关键词： Cowpea Germplasm Protein Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Partial Least Squares (PLS)

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三叠纪——侏罗纪之交气候变化与森林火灾事件:来自中国华南的化石证据

三叠纪——侏罗纪之交气候变化与森林火灾事件:来自中国华南的化...

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中国古生物学会古植物学分会、江苏省古生物学会2021年学术年会

作者：王永栋宋宜李丽琴谢树成周宁罗根明 Thomas J.Algeo Wolfram M.Kurschner Jennifer C.Mc Elwain Vivi Vajda micha ruhl 中科院南京地质古生物研究所和生物演化与环境卓越创新中心现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室西北大学地质学系美国辛辛那提大学挪威奥斯陆大学爱尔兰都柏林大学圣三一学院瑞典自然历史博物馆

距今2亿年前的三叠纪—侏罗纪之交发生了显生宙5大生物集群灭绝事件之一,导致全球的海陆生态系统受到重创。普遍认为,当时中大西洋区域发生的巨量火山喷发及其引发的环境效应是造成这次生物大灭绝的主因。在中大西洋大火成岩省及其周围... 详细信息

距今2亿年前的三叠纪—侏罗纪之交发生了显生宙5大生物集群灭绝事件之一,导致全球的海陆生态系统受到重创。普遍认为,当时中大西洋区域发生的巨量火山喷发及其引发的环境效应是造成这次生物大灭绝的主因。在中大西洋大火成岩省及其周围广泛出现了古火灾事件,这些古火灾事件既是火山活动的直接证据,又是陆地植被系统更替的主要诱发原因之一。相比于海洋而言,对陆地生态系统三叠纪—侏罗纪之交重大生物事件的探究相对薄弱,特别是针对远离中大西洋大火成岩省且处于东特提斯洋的东亚地区陆地生态系统的响应及其植被更替机制等研究涉及甚少。由中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所和中国地质大学(武汉)联合美国、挪威、瑞典和爱尔兰等多国学者组成的国际科研团队,以中国华南川东鄂西地区广元、宣汉、合川和秭归等剖面为研究对象,对晚三叠世须家河组和早侏罗世珍珠冲组/香溪组开展高精度的磁性地层学、古植物学、孢粉学和分子地球生物学等多学科交叉创新研究。

关键词：晚三叠世三叠纪气候变化早侏罗世森林火灾侏罗纪

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Landform type mediates compositional change in a hurricane-disturbed subtropical forest

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 292-304页

作者： Robert L.Spicer Ariel ELugo Nathan ruhl Department of Biological Science Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028USA International Institute of Tropical Forestry United States Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceJardín Botánico SurRío PiedrasPRUSA

Background:Categorization of topographical features into landform type is a long-standing method for understanding physiographic patterns in the *** in forest composition between landform types are driven primarily by concurrent differences in soil composition and moisture,but also disturbance *** studies have focused on the interaction between fire disturbance,succession,and landforms,but the effects of hurricane disturbance on compositional differences between landforms are poorly *** the study presented here,we assess compositional and structural differences between landform types in the tree community of a young sub-tropical forest that is frequently subjected to ***,we ask whether the tree community(1)changed structurally over the study period,(2)experienced compositional change over the study period,(3)is compositionally different between landform types,and(4)exhibits compositional change mediated by landform ***:The tree community experienced significant structural change over the course of our study,but compositional change was only significant for some ***:Despite large-scale,intense,and frequent hurricane disturbance to our study system,compositional change in the tree community was localized and only significant for some landform types.

关键词： Hurricane Forest Community Composition Change Succession Landform

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Screening for 26 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in German drinking waters with support of residents

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： Vanessa Ingold Alexander Kämpfe Aki Sebastian ruhl German Environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany German Environment Agency Section II 3.2Heinrich-Heine-Straße 1208645Bad ElsterGermany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Water TreatmentKF4Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany

The occurrence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in water cycles poses a challenge to drinking water quality and *** order to counteract the large knowledge gap regarding PFAS in German drinking water,89 drinking water samples from all over Germany were collected with the help of residents and were analyzed for 26 PFAS by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The 20 PFAS recently regulated by sum concentration(PFAS_(∑20)),as well as six other PFAS,were quantified by targeted *** all drinking water samples,PFAS_(∑20 )was below the limit of 0.1μg/L,but the sum concentrations ranged widely from below the limit of quantification up to 80.2 ng/*** sum concentrations(PFASP4)of perfluorohexanesulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS),perfluorooctanoate(PFOA),and perfluorononanoate of 20 ng/L were exceeded in two *** most frequently detected individual substances were PFOS(in 52%of the samples),perfluorobutanesulfonate(52%),perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(44%),perfluoropentanoate(43%)and PFHxS(35%).The highest single concentrations were 23.5 ng/L for PFHxS,15.3 ng/L for PFOS,and 10.1 ng/L for *** regionally elevated concentrations were identified,but some highly urbanized areas showed elevated *** of substitution PFAS,including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate and 2,2,3-trifluor-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluor-3-(trifluormethoxy)propoxy]-propanoate(anion of ADONA),were very low compared to regulated *** most frequently detected PFAS were examined for co-occurrences,but no definite correlations could be found.

关键词： Persistent chemicals Organic micro-pollutants EU drinking water directive Indicator PFAS Drinking water

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton Edward McCary michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce michael E.Donovan michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Model-Based Prediction for Protein Content in Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第3期 145页

作者： Kavera Biradar Waltram Ravelombola Aurora Manley Caroline ruhl

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Initiation of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Phenotyping of Plant Height and Canopy Width in Guar

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1427-1438页

作者： Waltram Ravelombola Aurora Manley Caroline ruhl Madeline Brown Hanh Pham Shubham Malani Waqas Ahmad Texas A&M AgriLife Research Vernon TX USA Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Texas A&M University TX USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Lubbock TX USA

The use of the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) has attracted scientific attention because of its potential to generate high-throughput phenotyping data. The application of UAS to guar phenotyping remains limited. Guar is multi-purpose legume species. India and Pakistan are the world’s top guar producers. The U.S. is the world guar largest market with an import value of >$1 billion annually. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of UAS phenotyping of plant height and canopy width in guar. The UAS data were collected from a field plot of 10 guar accessions on July 7, 2021, and September 27, 2021. The study was organized in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 blocks. A total of 23 Vegetation Indices (VIs) were computed. The analysis of variance showed significant genotypic effects on plant weight (p < 0.05) and canopy width (p on plant height (p most VIs were significant for both flights (p Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDRE) were significantly and highly correlated with plant height (r = 0.74) and canopy width (r = 0.68). The results will be of interest in developing high throughput phenotyping approach for guar breeding.

关键词： Guar Unmanned Aerial System Vegetation Indices Phenotyping Plant Height Canopy Width

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存在复杂覆盖层情况下陡倾反射层的傅氏有限差分偏移

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油气藏评价与开发 1996年第4期 85-86页

作者： T. ruhl

提高波动方程偏移方法的精度和效率是我们目前的研究课题之一,其主要问题是如何获得横向速度变化很大的介质中陡倾反射层的精确图像。本文提出一种改进后的偏移方法,它以串行相移算子和有限差分下行延拓算子为基础。由于采用了串行算子... 详细信息

提高波动方程偏移方法的精度和效率是我们目前的研究课题之一,其主要问题是如何获得横向速度变化很大的介质中陡倾反射层的精确图像。本文提出一种改进后的偏移方法,它以串行相移算子和有限差分下行延拓算子为基础。由于采用了串行算子,我们称该方法为傅氏有限差分偏移(FFD偏移)。通过加上一有限差分校正项,我们试图对分步傅氏偏移法加以推广和改进。使其适于横向速度变化很大的介质。与目前采用的多数偏移法相似,我们也以单程波动方程

关键词：反射层延拓地层有限差分偏移横向速度变化

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