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Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons mich.el wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

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Chemotherapy-induced small extracellular vesicles prime the pre-metastatic niche to accelerate neuroblastoma metastasis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 65-68页

作者： Carson A.wills Xiaoming Liu Longgui Chen Yuanjun Zhao Zhenqiu Liu Vladimir S.Spiegelman Jeffrey Sundstrom Hong-Gang Wang Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyThe Pennsylvania State University Collegeof MedicinePA 17033USA Department of Ophthalmology The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicinePA 17033USA Department of Public Health Sciences The Pennsylvania StateUniversityCollegeofMedicinePA 17033USA

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children,accounting for more than 10%of cancerrelated deaths in this *** standard of care for patients diagnosed with medium-to high-risk neuroblastoma,incl... 详细信息

关键词： neuroblastoma metastatic metastasis

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Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.Jackson R.Mishra J.M.Rebelo J.Santos P.Antunes J.Pombo H.Magalhaes L.wills M.Askill School of Computing and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Computing and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISel Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic perspective,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the pantograph-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerodynamics Computational fluid dynamics Pantograph loads Current collection performance

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Lygodium flexuosum extract down regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CCl_4 -induced hepatotoxicity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第6期5卷 421-426页

作者： Pallara Janardhanan wills Velikkakathu Vasumathi Asha Plant Based Bioactives and Disease Biology Laboratory Rajiv Gandhi Centre for BiotechnologyThiruvananthapuramKerala 695014India MIMS Research Foundation Malabar Institute of Medical SciencesCalicut-673007KeralaIndia

Objective:To examine the downregulalion of proinflammatory cytokines in a time dependant manner on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in experimental ***:CCl4（150μL/100 g） was dissolved in com oil（1:1 v/v%） and administered orally,GroupⅠwas treated as normal control and received corn oil on 8th ***Ⅱwas toxic control and was given a single dose of CCl4 on 8th ***Ⅲwas treated with Lygodium flexuosum（***） n-hexane extract（200 mg/kg） for 8 days and on 8th day a single dose of CCl4 was ***Ⅳ（negative contnil） received *** n-hexane extract（200 mg/kg） alone for 8 ***:Treatment with n-hexane extract prior to the administration of CCl4 significantly prevented an increase in serum AST,ALT,LDH activity and lipid peroxidation and prevented the depletion of glutathione （GSH）.Rats treated with *** had reduced mRNA levels of TGF-β1,TNF-αand IL-1βgenes in liver of CCl4 intoxicated rats when compared to CCl4 control as evidenced by RT-PCR. Conclusions:The data suggest that ***,a widely available fem,significantly reduces CCl4 induced acute hepatotoxicily by down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats.

关键词： Lygodium flexuosum Carbon tetrachloride mRNA TGF-β1 TNF-α IL-1β

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Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--positive chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 477-481页

作者： Jian LU Paul S. wills P. CHRIS WILSON Indian River Research and Education Center University of Florida/IFAS 2199 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945-3138 USA Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University 5600 U.S. 1 North Fort Pierce FL 34946 USA

A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds, included geosmin, 2- methylisobomeol （MIB）, 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine （IBMP）, and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine （IPMP）. Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153 〉 121, 167 〉 125, 152 〉 95, and 165 〉 109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200ng·L^-1, and from 0.8 to 200ng·L^-1 for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

关键词： off-flavor/odor compounds liquid-liquid microextraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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The immunology of human cytomegalovirus latency： could latent infection be cleared by novel immunotherapeutic strategies？

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第2期12卷 128-138页

作者： Mark R wills Emma Poole Betty Lau Ben Krishna John H Sinclair Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

While the host immune response following primary human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） infection is generally effective at stopping virus replication and dissemination, virus is never cleared by the host and like all herpesviruses, persists for life. At least in part, this persistence is known to be facilitated by the ability of HCMV to establish latency in myeloid cells in which infection is essentially silent with, importantly, a total lack of new virus production. However, although the viral transcription programme during latency is much suppressed, a number of viral genes are expressed during latent infection at the protein level and many of these have been shown to have profound effects on the latent cell and its environment. Intriguingly, many of these latency-associated genes are also expressed during lyric infection. Therefore, why the same potent host immune responses generated during lytic infection to these viral gene products are not recognized during latency, thereby allowing clearance of latently infected cells, is far from clear. Reactivation from latency is also a major cause of HCMV-mediated disease, particularly in the immune compromised and immune naive, and is also likely to be a major source of virus in chronic subclinical HCMV infection which has been suggested to be associated with long-term diseases such as atherosclerosis and some neoplasias. Consequently, understanding latency and why latenUy infected cells appear to be immunoprivileged is crucial for an understanding of the pathogenesis of HCMV and may help to design strategies to eliminate latent virus reservoirs, at least in certain clinical settings.

关键词： Cytomegalovirus latency immune evasion immunotherapeutic

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Quantitative Analysis of Azodicarbonamide in Insulation Layers of Extruded Cables by HPLC–UV Detection

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2021年第4期5卷 370-378页

作者： Sensen Shen Cuilan Chang Chenbo Shen Harvey Xu Shawn Miao Scott wills Dow Chemical(China)Investment Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201203China Dow Inc.CollegevillePA 19426USA

Azodicarbonamide(ADC),which has been abundantly used in the creation offoamed plastics as a blowing and foaming agent,has attracted more and more attention in recent years due to the health risks associated with its *** is actually on the REACH(Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals)regulation Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern,and the residual content in products needs to be confirmed by the end users according to ***,the determination and monitoring of ADC in plastic products is necessary and crucial not only for the growth of ADC global market but also for the health of the *** this work,a quantitative method for ADC in insulation layers of cables was developed by using optimized total dissolution methodology(TDM)for sample preparation followed by HPLC under HILIC conditions with UV absorbance *** linear range of this method was 6–600μg·g^(-1) ,and the limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantitation(LOQ)were 0.94 and 3.1μg·g^(-1) in solution,*** method has good recovery and precision,and is easy to *** meets the needs of the industry and is conducive to the growth of ADC global *** method is expected to be applicable to ADC quantitation in other polyolefin products.

关键词： Azodicarbonamide Total dissolution methodology HPLC–UV Cable insulation layers

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Neoadjuvant therapy for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: The need for patient-centered research

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第4期26卷 375-382页

作者： Jordan M Cloyd Allan Tsung John Hays Celia E wills John FP Bridges Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States College of Nursing The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer with high recurrence rates following surgical *** adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival,a significant proportion of patients are unable to initiate or complete all intended therapy following pancreatectomy due to postoperative complications or poor performance *** administration of chemotherapy prior to surgical resection is an alternative strategy that ensures its early and near universal delivery as well as improves margin-negative resection rates and potentially improves long-term survival *** therapy is increasingly being recommended to patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,however,patient-centered research on its use is *** this review,we highlight opportunities to focus research efforts in the domains of patient preferences,patient-reported outcomes,patient experience,and *** research in these areas may identify relevant barriers and facilitators to the use of neoadjuvant therapy thereby increasing its utilization,improve shareddecision making for patients and providers,and optimize the experience of those undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.

关键词： Preoperative therapy Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Quality of life Shared decision making Patient preferences

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A high-throughput data analysis and materials discovery tool for strongly correlated materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 138-146页

作者： Hasnain Hafiz Adnan Ibne Khair Hongchul Choi Abdullah Mueen Arun Bansil Stephan Eidenbenz John wills Jian-Xin Zhu Alexander V.Balatsky Towfiq Ahmed Department of Physics Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02119USA Department of Computer Science University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA The Information Science and Technology Institute Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Nordita KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 23Stockholm SE-10691Sweden Department of Physics University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213USA

Modeling of f-electron systems is challenging due to the complex interplay of the effects of spin–orbit coupling,electron–electron interactions,and the hybridization of the localized f-electrons with itinerant conduction *** complexity drives not only the richness of electronic properties but also makes these materials suitable for diverse technological *** this context,we propose and implement a data-driven approach to aid the materials discovery *** deploying state-of-the-art algorithms and query tools,we train our learning models using a large,simulated dataset based on existing actinide and lanthanide *** machine-learned models so obtained can then be used to search for new classes of stable materials with desired electronic and physical *** discuss the basic structure of our f-electron database,and our approach towards cleaning and correcting the structure data *** examples of the applications of our database include successful prediction of stable superstructures of double perovskites and identification of a number of physically-relevant trends in strongly correlated features of f-electron based materials.

关键词： database desired conduction

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A comparative study of boron isotopes and trace elements of the marine foraminifers during the last glacial maximum and Holocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第12期53卷 91-100页

作者： NI YunYan 1,2 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 2 Bristol Isotope Group,Department of Earth Sciences,Bristol University,wills Memorial Building,Queens Road,Bristol BS8 1RJ,United Kingdom Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China Bristol Isotope Group Department of Earth Sciences Bristol University Bristol UK

Boron isotopic compositions in marine planktonic foraminifers can record changes in seawater pH and hence provide a new tool to reconstruct the changes of paleo-atmospheric *** a comparative study was done on boron isotopes and trace element abundances of planktonic foraminifers,Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globigerinoides ruber from three tropical ODP sites,Site 806B,Site 664C and Site *** is demonstrated here that *** is a better species to be used for downcore boron isotope analyses on glacial-interglacial scales,particularly since *** is prone to dissolution causing unexpectedly light boron isotopes during glacial *** has been shown that the trace elements composition of foraminifers (i.e.,Mg/Ca,U/Ca,B/Ca,and Li/Ca) can reflect the variations of seawater temperature and/or [CO3 2-].However,all of these systems are highly species de-pendent and affected by other vital effects,and it is therefore important to perform necessary calibrations when applying them to the downcore analyses.

关键词： foraminifers boron isotope trace element last glacial maximum atmospheric PCO2

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