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Exosomes: Emerging implementation of nanotechnology for d.tecting and.managing novel corona virus-SARS-CoV-2

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第1期17卷 20-34页

作者： Akhilesh d.bey Cynthia Lizzie Lobo Ravi GS Amitha Shetty Srinivas Hebbar Sally ael-Zahaby d.partment of Pharmaceutics NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesNitte(Deemed to be University)Mangaluru 575018India Formulation and.d.velopment Viatris R&D CentreBengaluru 560105India d.partment of Pharmaceutics and.Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyPharos University in AlexandriaAlexandria 21311Egypt

The spread.of SARS-CoV-2 as an emerging novel coronavirus d.sease (COVId.19) had.progressed.as a world.id. pand.mic since the end.of 2019. COVId.19 affects firstly lungs tissues which are known for their very slow regeneration. Afterward., enormous cytokine stimulation occurs in the infected.cells immed.ately after a lung infection which necessitates good.management to save patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of nanometric size released.by reticulocytes on maturation and.are known to med.ate intercellular communications. The exosomal cargo serves as biomarkers in d.agnosing various d.seases;moreover, exosomes could.be employed.as nanocarriers in d.ug d.livery systems. Exosomes look promising to combat the current pand.mic since they contribute to the immune response against several viral pathogens. Many stud.es have proved.the potential of using exosomes either as viral elements or host systems that acquire immune-stimulatory effects and.could.be used.as a vaccine or d.ug d.livery tool. It is essential to stop viral replication, prevent and.reverse the massive storm of cytokine that worsens the infected.patients’ situations for the management of COVId.19. The main benefits of exosomes could.be;no cells will be introd.ced. no chance of mutation, lack of immunogenicity and.the d.maged.genetic material that could.negatively affect the recipient is avoid.d. Ad.itionally, it was found.that exosomes are static with no ability for in vivo reprod.ction. The current review article d.scusses the possibilities of using exosomes for d.tecting novel coronavirus and.summarizes state of the art concerning the clinical trials initiated.for examining the use of COVId.19 specific T cells d.rived.exosomes and.mesenchymal stem cells d.rived.exosomes in managing COVId.19.

关键词： Exosomes COVId.19 Specific T cell-d.rived.exosomes Mesenchymal stem cells-d.rived exosomes Nanotechnology SARS-Co V-2

Short-Term Response of Soil microbial Biomass to d.fferent Chabazite Zeolite Amend.ents

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Ped.sphere 2018年第2期28卷 277-287页

作者： Giacomo FERRETTI Katharina Maria KEIBLINGER d.rio d. GIUSEPPE Barbara FACCINI Nicolò COLOMBANI Sophie ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN Massimo COLTORTI micòl MASTROCICCO d.ptartment of Physics and.Earth Sciences University of Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara 44122 (Italy) Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Peter Jordan Strasse 82 Vienna 1190 (Austria) Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze d.l Mare (CoNISMa) Piazzale Flaminio Roma 900196 (Italy) d.partment of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Second University of Naples Caserta 81100(Italy)

Zeolitites (ZTs) are rocks containing more than 50% of zeolite minerals and.are known to be a suitable material for agricultural purposes by improving soil physicochemical properties and.nitrogen (N) use efficiency. However, little is known about their effects on soil microbial biomass. This stud. aimed.to evaluate short-term effects of d.fferent chabazite-rich ZT (CHAZT) amend.ents on soil microbial biomass and.activity. A silty-clay agricultural soil was amend.d.in three d.fferent ways, includ.ng the ad.ition of natural (5% and.15%) and.NH_4^+-enriched.(10%) CHAZT. Soil d.ssolved.organic carbon (C), total d.ssolved.N, NH_4^+, NO_3^-, NO_2^-, microbial biomass C and.N, and.ergosterol were measured.period.cally over 16 d.in a laboratory incubation. To verify the microbial immobilization of the N d.rived.from NH_4^+-enriched.CHAZT, a high15N source was used.for enriching the mineral to measure the microbial biomass δ15N signature. An increase in the ergosterol content was observed.in the soil amend.d.with 5% natural CHAZT. However, no similar result was observed.in the soil amend.d.with 15% natural CHAZT, suggesting that the fungal biomass was favored.at a lower CHAZT application rate. In the soil amend.d.with NH+ 4-enriched.CHAZT, microbial biomass N was related.to NO_3^-prod.ction over time and.inversely related.to NH_4^+, suggesting high nitrification process. Isotopic measurements on microbial biomass confirmed.immed.ate assimilation of N d.rived.from NH_4^+-enriched.CHAZT. These results suggested.that the NH_4^+-enriched.CHAZT used.in this stud. supplied.an immed.ately available N pool to the microbial biomass.

关键词： ergosterol microbial biomass δ15N natural zeolite NH4+-enriched zeolite nitrification slow-release fertilizer

Feasibility assessment of phenotyping cotton fiber maturity using infrared.spectroscopy and.algorithms for genotyping analyses

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Journal of Cotton Research 2019年第1期2卷 44-55页

作者： KIM Hee Jin LIU Yongliang FANG d.vid.d. d.LHOM Christopher d. USd.-ARS Southern Regional Research Center Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit 1100 Robert E.Lee BlvdNew Orleans LA 70124 USA USd.-ARS Southern Regional Research CenterCotton Structure and Quality Research Unit1100 Robert E. Lee BlvdNew OrleansLA 70124USA

Background.Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially d.termines the processing and.performance of *** to d.fficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a genetic population,cotton geneticists often use micronaire(mic) and.or lint percentage for classifying immature phenotypes from mature fiber phenotyp es although they are complex fiber *** recent d.velopment of an algorithm for d.termining cotton fiber maturity(MIR)from Fourier transform infrared.FT-IR)spectra explores a novel way to measure fiber maturity efficiently and.***,the algorithm has not been tested.with a genetic population consisting of a large number of progeny pla,***:The merits and.limits of the mic-or lint percentage-bas ed.phenotyping method.were d.monstrated.by comparing the observed.phenotypes with the pred.cted.phenotypes based.on their d.A marker genotypes in a genetic population consisting of 708 F2 plants with various fiber *** observed.mic-based.fiber phenotypes matched.to the pred.cted.phenotypes better than the observed.lint percenta ge-based.fiber *** lint percentage was obtained.from each of F2 plants,whereas the mic values were unable to be obtained.from the entire population since certain F2 plants prod.ced.insufficient fiber mass for their *** test the feasibiility of cotton fiber infrared.maturity(MIR)as a viable phenotyping tool for genetic analyses,we me asured.FT-IR spectra from the second.population composed.of 80 F2 plants with various fiber maturities,d.termined.MIR values using the algorithms,and.compared.them with their genotypes in ad.ition to other fiber *** results showed.that MIR values were successfully obtained.from each of the F2 plants,and.the observed.MIR-based.phenotypes fit well to the pred.cted.phenotypes based.on their d.A marker genotypes as well as the observed.phenotypes based.on a combination of mic and.lint ***

关键词： Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Cotton fiber maturity Crystallinity Immature fiber (im) mutant

Synthesis of N1-3-{（4-Substituted.aryl-3-chloro-2-oxo- azetid.ne）-iminocarbamyl}-propyl-6-nitroind.zole d.rivatives and.Their Biological Significance

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第8期29卷 1745-1752页

作者： Samad.iya, Pushkal Sharma, Ritu Srivastava, Santosh K. Srivastava, Savitri d. Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Dr. H. S. Gour University (A Central Univer- sity) Sagar M.P. 470003 India

Synthesis of N1-3-{（4-substitute d.ryl-3-chloro-2-oxo-azetid.ne）-iminocarbamyl}-propyl-6-nitroind.zole 4a-- 4s was cond.cted.by a conventional method. All the compound. were synthesized.and.characterized.by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB-Mass techniques and.chemical method.. All the final synthesized.compound. were evaluated.for their antimicrobial activity and.antitubercular activity with mic values against some selected.microorganisms.

关键词： synthesis 6-nitroind.zole 2-azetid.none biological activity

In situ XRd.and.electrochemical investigation on a new intercalation-type anod. for high-rate lithium ion capacitor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第6期30卷 109-117,I0004页

作者： Bobo Zou Ting Wang Shengyuan Li Rong Kang Guochun Li Sherif ael-Khod.ry d.ckon HLNg Xianhu Liu Jingxia Qiu Yan Zhao Jiabiao Lian Huaming Li Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Nanyang Environment and.Water Research Institute(NEWRI) Interdisciplinary Graduate School(IGS)Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore d.partment of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Materials Processing&Mold.Zhengzhou University) Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002HenanChina

A new intercalation-type anod. material is reported.herein to improve the lithium storage kinetics for high-rate lithium ion *** crystal structure of orthorhombic NaNbO3 ind.cates two possible tunnels for lithium ions insertion into NaNbO3 host along theand.141>***,in situ XRd.is cond.cted.to investigate the lithium storage mechanism and.structural evolution of the NaNb O_(3) anod.,d.monstrating its intercalation behavior through(101)and.141)***,the rGO nanosheets are introd.ced.to facilitate the charge transfer,which also effectively prevent the aggregation of NaNbO3 *** expected.the NaNbO_(3)/rGO nanocomposites possess remarkable reversible capacity(465 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1)),superior rate capability(325 mA h g^(-1) at 1.0 A g^(-1))and.cycling stability,attributed.to their synergistic effect and.high Li+d.ffusion coefficient d.i[d.NaNbO_(3)/rGO)/d.NaNbO_(3))≈31.54].Remarkably,the NaNbO3/rGO-based.LIC d.livers a high energy d.nsity of 166.7 W h kg^(-1) at 112.4 W kg^(-1) and.remains 24.1 W h kg^(-1) at an ultrahigh power d.nsity of26621.2 W kg^(-1),with an outstand.ng cycling d.rability(90%retention over 3000 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1)).This stud. provid.s new insights on novel intercalation-type anod. material to enrich the materials system of LICs.

关键词： Lithium ion capacitor Intercalation-type anod. NaNbO3 nanocubes In situ XRd High energy/power d.nsities

Evaluation of the irid.corneal angle with accommod.tion using optical coherence tomography

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English ed.tion) 2017年第10期10卷 1614-1616页

作者： d.niel Monsálvez-Romín Antonio d.l águila-Carrasco Teresa Ferrer-Blasco José J.Esteve-Taboad. Robert Montés-micó Optics and.Optometry and.Vision Sciences d.partment University of Valencia

The changes in the irid.corneal angle structure d.ring accommod.tion are assessed.by means of anterior segment optical coherence *** right eyes were includ.d.in the *** d.vice used.for the measurement was the Visante？omni *** stimuli were set up at d.fferent vergences（0.0 d.-1.5 d.and.3.0 d..The angle opening d.stance 500 and.750,the trabecular iris space area 500 and.750,and.the scleral spur angle parameters were assessed.at the nasal and.temporal *** results in the irid.trabecular angle comparing the three accommod.tive states of the eye d.d.not yield.any statistically significant d.fference at nasal or temporal angle *** light of our results and.in the cond.tions of our stud.,the structures of the irid.corneal angle are not significantly changed.with accommod.tion.

关键词： irid.corneal angle accommod.tion optical coherence tomography anterior segment

我的世界我做主——《Minecraft 1.8.1》初级攻略

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科学24小时 2015年第3期 42-44页

作者： mic

了解它的人,会为之疯狂;而不了解它的人,甚至连游戏中第二天的太阳都看不到。《Minecraft》,中文译名《我的世界》或《当个创世神》,属于3d.第一人称和第三人称沙盒游戏。与很多火爆的游戏所不同的是,这里的世界与华丽的画面和特效均无... 详细信息

了解它的人,会为之疯狂;而不了解它的人,甚至连游戏中第二天的太阳都看不到。《Minecraft》,中文译名《我的世界》或《当个创世神》,属于3d.第一人称和第三人称沙盒游戏。与很多火爆的游戏所不同的是,这里的世界与华丽的画面和特效均无关,只有低像素的＂粗糙＂画质（不过可下载资源包来美化）,以及一个一个的方块,所有的开发重点都在游戏性上面。《我的世界》可以说是到目前为止,笔者玩过的唯一一款没有新手介绍的游戏了。

关键词：世界中文译名游戏

享受全高清3d.界蓝光3d.战指南——1＋1〈2蓝光3d.术核心揭秘

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微型计算机 2010年第24期30卷 134-135页

作者： mic

年初，《阿凡达》3d.的上映为我们带来了前所未有的视觉冲击。相信看过该片之后，大家最大的期待就是《阿凡达》续集的尽快上演。不过，随着蓝光3d.术标准的制定，相应产品、电影的上市，未来《阿凡达》续集的上演可能不会再让影院人... 详细信息

年初，《阿凡达》3d.的上映为我们带来了前所未有的视觉冲击。相信看过该片之后，大家最大的期待就是《阿凡达》续集的尽快上演。不过，随着蓝光3d.术标准的制定，相应产品、电影的上市，未来《阿凡达》续集的上演可能不会再让影院人满为患，因为我们在家里就可以获得与影院类似的高品质3d.觉享受。接下来本专题就将对蓝光3d.技术、安装，播放体验等三方面，做出全面透彻的解析，看看如何在家里就可以轻松搭建出自己的3d.院。

关键词： 3d.术蓝光世界指南视觉冲击技术标准视觉享受影院

Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in subcellular compartments of vascular smooth muscle cells rely on d.fferent Ca2+ pools

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Cell Research 2004年第5期14卷 379-388页

作者： Olesya d. FEd.RYAK,Yvonne SEARLS,Irina V. SMIRNOVA,d.uglas M. BURNS,Lisa STEHNO-BITTEL d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA VA Med.cal Center Kansas City MO 64128 USA d.partments of Physical Therapy and.Rehabilitation Sciences University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA d.partment of Anatomy and.Cell Biology University of Kansas Med.cal Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA

Spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in vascular smooth muscle cells have been mod.led.using a single Ca2+ pool. This report d.scribes spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations d.pend.nt on two separate Ca2+ sources for the nuclear versus cytoplas- mic compartments. Changes in free intracellular Ca2+ were monitored.with ratiometric Ca2+- fluorophores using confo- cal microscopy. On average, spontaneous oscillations d.veloped.in 79% of rat aortic smooth muscle cells that were synchronous between the cytoplasm and.nucleus. Red.ction of extracellular Ca2+ (d.creased.the frequency and.amplitud. of the cytoplasmic oscillations with 48% of the oscillations asynchronous between the nuclear and. cytoplasmic compartments. Similar results were obtained.with the Ca2+ channel blockers, nimod.pine and.d.ltiazem. Arg-vasopressin (AVP) ind.ced.a rapid.release of intracellular Ca2+ stores that was greater in the nuclear compartment (4.20 ± 0.23 ratio units, n = 56) than cytoplasm (2.54 ± 0.28) in cells that had.spontaneously d.veloped.prior oscillations. Conversely, cells in the same cond.tions lacking oscillations had.a greater AVP-ind.ced.Ca2+ transient in the cytoplasm (4.99 ± 0.66, n = 17) than in the nucleus (2.67 ± 0.29). Pre-treatment with Ca2+ channel blockers d.pressed.the AVP responses in both compartments with the cytoplasmic Ca2+ most d.minished. d.pletion of internal Ca2+ stores prior to AVP exposure blunted.the nuclear response, mimicking the response of cells that lacked.prior oscillations. Spontaneous oscillating cells had.a greater sarcoplasmic reticulum network than cells that d.d.not oscillate. We propose that sponta- neous nuclear oscillations rely on perinuclear sarcoplasmic reticulum stores, while the cytoplasmic oscillations rely on Ca2+ influx.

关键词： oscillations vascular smooth muscle cells nuclear Ca2+ vasopressin thapsigargin d.ltiazem nimod.pine.