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Solving the subset sum problem by the quantum Ising model with variational quantum optimization based on conditional values at risk

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Qilin Zheng miaomiao yu Pingyu Zhu Yan Wang Weihong Luo Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Hefei National Laboratory

The subset sum problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, and its complexity belongs to the nondeterministic polynomial time complete(NP-Complete) class. This problem is widely used in encryption, planning or scheduling, and integer partitions.An accurate search algorithm with polynomial time complexity has not been found, which makes it challenging to be solved on classical computers. To effectively solve this problem, we translate it into the quantum Ising model and solve it with a variational quantum optimization method based on conditional values at risk. The proposed model needs only n qubits to encode 2ndimensional search space, which can effectively save the encoding quantum resources. The model inherits the advantages of variational quantum algorithms and can obtain good performance at shallow circuit depths while being robust to noise, and it is convenient to be deployed in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era. We investigate the effects of the scalability, the variational ansatz type, the variational depth, and noise on the model. Moreover, we also discuss the performance of the model under different conditional values at risk. Through computer simulation, the scale can reach more than nine qubits. By selecting the noise type,we construct simulators with different QVs and study the performance of the model with them. In addition, we deploy the model on a superconducting quantum computer of the Origin Quantum Technology Company and successfully solve the subset sum problem. This model provides a new perspective for solving the subset sum problem.

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Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Research and Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Research and Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期2卷 23-27页

作者： miaomiao yu Feng Gao Xuezhong Ren Jianghe Peng Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a degenerative disease characterized by pathological changes in the cartilage and subchondral bone of the knee joint.Initially,knee joint pain is the main symptom,and in the later stages,deformities and mobility disorders may occur.Modern medicine lacks effective treatment methods for early and mid stage KOA,and has drawbacks such as significant side effects and high costs.A large number of stud‐ies have confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in treating KOA,and has obvious advantages such as small trauma,low cost,and definite therapeu‐tic effect,which are gradually being accepted by a large number of KOA patients.The commonly used methods for preventing and treating KOA with traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice include:oral administration of traditional Chinese medi‐cine,external application of traditional Chinese medicine,fumigation,acupuncture therapy,massage therapy for regulating tendons,and targeted penetration therapy of tra‐ditional Chinese medicine.According to relevant literature,traditional Chinese medicine can significantly alleviate knee joint symptoms and improve knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis,which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.This article provides a review of the research progress in the prevention and treatment of KOA using traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.

关键词： knee osteoarthritis Traditional Chinese Medicine research progress

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Facile preparation and efficient MnxCoy porous nanosheets for the sustainable catalytic process of soot

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 516-528页

作者： miaomiao Hu Kun Zhou Tingyi Zhao Zheng Li Xianhai Zeng Di yu Xuehua yu Mingqin Zhao Zhihui Shao Qixiang Xu Bing Cui Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou450002China School of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China College of Energy Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang110034China

The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of Mn_(x)Co_(y) oxides were synthesized using MgO template substitution.This method greatly improves the preparation and catalytic efficiency and is more in line with the current theme of green catalysts and sustainable development. The resulting Mn_(1)Co_(2.3) has a strong activation capability of gaseous oxygen due to a high concentration of Co^(3+) and Mn^(3+). The Mn doping enhanced the intrinsic activity by prompting oxygen vacancy formation and gaseous oxygen adsorption. The nanosheet morphology with abundant mesoporous significantly increased the solid–solid contact efficiency and improved the adsorption capability of gaseous reactants. The novel design of Mn_(1)Co_(2.3)oxide enhanced its catalytic performance through a synergistic effect of Mn doping and the porous nanosheet morphology, showing significant potential for the preparation of high-performance soot combustion catalysts.

关键词： Soot combustion Intrinsic activity Contact efficiency Mn doping DFT

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Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat(ISLR)negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation through the BMP-Smad signaling pathway

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 138-140页

作者： Lei Xiong miaomiao Lan Chang Liu Lei Li YingYing yu Tongtong Wang Fan Liu Kun Wang Jin Liu Qingyong Meng State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100094China

Osteoporosis(OP)is an aging-associated condition that significantly affects the quality of life in aging humans and has few treatment options.As an important marker,recombinant immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucinerich repeat(ISLR)could be used as a gene therapy for OP.We herein used alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alizarin red S(ARS)staining to evaluate osteogenic differentiation potential.

关键词： Immunoglobulin alkaline herein

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Strategies for improving extraction capacity through preorganization structure:A novel 5,6-bicyclicmalonamide extractant(THPPD)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 768-774页

作者： miaomiao Zhang Zhen Yang yuhua Cui Jianhui Su Heng Zhao Chengjin Xu Xiaolei Liu Guoxin Sun Xiujing Peng yu Cui School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of JinanJinan250022China Institute for Smart Materials&Engineering University of JinanJinan250022China Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control Jinan250101China

Rational design of extractant structure to improve the extraction and separation capacity of rare earth elements(REEs)is a long-standing challenge.Herein,a new strategy was proposed to improve the stability of the chelating structure formed by malonamide and REEs.The stability of the chelating structure is greatly improved by using a double-ring framework structure which makes the two carbonyl groups of malonamide unable to rotate freely and both of them point to the metal ion position.Three benzyl groups were used to construct the hydrophobicity of the extractant and the organic shell of the extracted species.Tribenzylhexahydro-pyrrolo-pyridine-dione(THPPD)was designed and synthesized.The structure reduces the energy consumed by rotating carbonyl group in the coordination with metal ions and then improves the extraction ability of extractant.The crystal structure was preorganized as expected,with the two carbonyls pointing in a favorable coordination direction to the structural complement of the metal ion.The extraction behaviors of REEs with THPPD in a nitric acid medium were studied.Compared with N,N’-dibenzyl-N,N’-dimethylmalonamide(DBDM-MA)with a chain structure,the extraction capacity of THPPD is 360 times higher than that of DBDM-MA at 5.0 mol/L sodium nitrate.Furthermore,the binding energy and Gibbs free energy were investigated by density functional theory(DFT)in conjunction with the B3LYP.The theoretical results show that THPPD has more effective interaction with Pr(NO_(3))3 than DBDM-MA.The construction of chelating groups conformation is a worthy direction to improve the coordination ability and even selectivity of extractant.

关键词： Rare earth elements Extraction separation 5,6-bicyclicdiamide extractant

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Quantum algorithm and experimental demonstration for the subset sum problem

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 261-274页

作者： Qilin ZHENG Pingyu ZHU Shichuan XUE Yang WANG Chao WU Xinyao yu miaomiao yu Yingwen LIU Mingtang DENG Junjie WU Ping XU Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense Technology

To solve the subset sum problem, a well-known nondeterministic polynomial-time complete problem that is widely used in encryption and resource scheduling, we propose a feasible quantum algorithm that utilizes fewer qubits to encode and achieves quadratic speedup. Specifically, this algorithm combines an amplitude amplification algorithm with quantum phase estimation, and requires n + t + 1 qubits and O(2(0.5+o(1))n) operations to obtain the solution, where n is the number of elements, and t is the number of qubits used to store the eigenvalues. To verify the performance of the algorithm, we simulate the algorithm with the online quantum simulator of IBM named ibmq simulator using Qiskit and then run it on two IBM quantum computers called ibmq santiago and ibmq bogota. The experimental results indicate that compared with the brute force algorithm, the proposed algorithm results in quadratic acceleration for the problem of a set S with four elements and two subsets whose sum equals target w. Using the iterator twice, we obtain success probabilities of 0.940 ± 0.004, 0.751 ± 0.040, and 0.665 ± 0.060 on the simulator, ibmq santiago, and ibmq bogota, respectively, and the fidelity between the theoretical and experimental quantum states is calculated to be 0.944 ± 0.002, 0.753 ± 0.017, and 0.657 ± 0.028, respectively. If the error rates of the experimental quantum logic gates can be reduced, the success probabilities of the proposed algorithm on real quantum devices can be further improved.

关键词： quantum algorithm subset sum quadratic speedup encryption algorithm complexity

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环状RNA在喉鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2024年第3期59卷 289-295页

作者：于苗苗王宝山河北医科大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉科石家庄050005

喉鳞状细胞癌(laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,LSCC)是头颈部常见的一种恶性肿瘤,发病部位隐蔽,早期自觉症状不明显,易发生颈部淋巴结转移,预后差。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种非编码RNA,具有单链闭环结构,稳定性高。随着... 详细信息

喉鳞状细胞癌(laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma,LSCC)是头颈部常见的一种恶性肿瘤,发病部位隐蔽,早期自觉症状不明显,易发生颈部淋巴结转移,预后差。环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种非编码RNA,具有单链闭环结构,稳定性高。随着研究的深入,研究者发现circRNA在LSCC患者的组织、细胞、外泌体和血液中表达异常,这些circRNA被认为是致癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子,可能会介导LSCC的发生、转移和化疗耐药性。尽管目前对circRNA在LSCC中的功能机制尚未充分了解,但研究表明,它们可以通过多种方式起到重要作用,例如成为微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的分子海绵,与RNA结合蛋白(RNA-binding protein,RBP)结合等。最终,circRNA可能成为LSCC诊治过程中潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。本文就circRNA在LSCC中的异常表达、生物学功能、分子机制及临床意义进行综述。在此基础上,我们希望揭示circRNA在肿瘤发生和进展中的作用,并展望circRNA在肿瘤研究中的作用。

关键词：颈部淋巴结转移外泌体喉鳞状细胞癌致癌基因 RNA结合蛋白肿瘤研究闭环结构恶性肿瘤

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Experimental demonstration of quantum transport enhancement using time-reversal symmetry breaking on a silicon photonic chip

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第10期65卷 2-9页

作者： Yang Wang Xinyao yu Shichuan Xue Yizhi Wang Junwei Zhan Chao Wu Pingyu Zhu Qilin Zheng miaomiao yu Yingwen Liu Xiaogang Qiang Junjie Wu Xuejun Yang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military SciencesBeijing 100071China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

The continuous-time quantum walk is a basic model for studying quantum transport and developing quantum-enhanced algorithms. Recent studies show that by introducing a phase into the standard continuous-time quantum walk model, the time-reversal symmetry can be broken without changing the Hermitian property of the Hamiltonian. The time-reversal symmetry breaking quantum walk shows advantages in quantum transport, such as perfect state transfer, directional control, transport speedup, and quantum transport efficiency enhancement. In this work, we implement the time-reversal symmetry breaking quantum walks on a reconfigurable silicon photonic chip and demonstrate the enhancement introduced by breaking time-reversal symmetry. Perfect state transfer on a three-site ring, a quantum switch implemented on a six-site graph, and transport speedup using a linear chain of triangles are demonstrated with high fidelity. Time-reversal asymmetry has also been used in a simplified light-harvesting model,implying the potential of time-reversal symmetry breaking in photosynthesis investigations.

关键词： quantum walk time-reversal asymmetry quantum transport

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RELIABILITY INDICES OF DISCRETE-TIME Geo^X/G/1 QUEUEING SYSTEM WITH UNRELIABLE SERVICE STATION AND MULTIPLE ADAPTIVE DELAYED VACATIONS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2012年第6期25卷 1122-1135页

作者： Yinghui TANG miaomiao yu Xi yuN Shujuan HUANG School of Mathematics and Software Science Sichuan Normal University School of Science Sichuan University of Science and Engineering School of Mathematics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

这篇论文从可靠性研究的观点与不可靠的加油站和多重适应推迟的假期认为排队的分离时间的 GeoX/G/1 是模型。后面的问题将被讨论：1 ) 服务者在在时间 n 的一个概括忙时期的概率；2 ) 加油站在在时间 n 的失败的概率，即，加油站的短暂 ... 详细信息

这篇论文从可靠性研究的观点与不可靠的加油站和多重适应推迟的假期认为排队的分离时间的 GeoX/G/1 是模型。后面的问题将被讨论：1 ) 服务者在在时间 n 的一个概括忙时期的概率；2 ) 加油站在在时间 n 的失败的概率，即，加油站的短暂 unavailability，和加油站的稳定的州的 unavailability；3 ) 加油站失败的期望的数字在时间间隔期间(0， n ] ，并且加油站的稳定的州的失败频率；4 ) 加油站故障在的期望的数字一概括的服务者忙碌时期。最后，作者证明有不可靠的加油站的一些普通分离时间的排队模型是在这篇论文讨论的模型的特殊情况。

关键词：离散时间可靠性指标服务站延误休假排队系统自适应延迟排队模型

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Boosting the dimensionality of frequency entanglement using a reconfigurable microring resonator

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 79-88页

作者： Chao Wu Qilin Zheng Yingwen Liu Yang Wang Jiangfang Ding Pingyu Zhu Shichuan Xue miaomiao yu Weihong Luo Kaikai Zhang Anqi Huang Mingtang Deng Junjie Wu Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance ComputingCollege of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Integrated quantum frequency combs(QFCs)based on microring resonators supplies as an essential resource for expanding the Hilbert-space dimensionality for high-dimensional quantum computing and information processing.In this work,we propose and demonstrate a reconfigurable ring resonator with tunable quality factors to efficiently increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement,simultaneously,ensuring a high on-chip pair generation rate(PGR)and coincidence-to-accidental ratio(CAR).Our method exploits the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer instead of the traditional straight waveguide as the coupler of resonators which offer a tunable external coupling coefficient to modulate the quality factor to enlarge the QFCs’bandwidth and thus increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement.We measured the QFCs’joint spectral intensity of 28 frequency pairs under various quality factors ranging from 16.6×10^(4) to 3.4×10^(4).Meanwhile,the measured Schmidt number increased from 11.01 to 24.77,denoting a huge expansion of the Hilbert-space dimensionality from 121 to a record number of 613 dimensions,which agrees well with our theoretical calculations.In addition,the PGR and CAR-another two key parameters for high-quality QFCs-were all measured under different quality factors to verify that our method can significantly increase the Schmidt number and CAR while maintaining a high PGR.In fact,bright QFCs with a total PGR of 4.3 MHz under a 0.48 mW pump power and a mean CAR of 1578 were simultaneously obtained at the highest Schmidt number.This method is widely applicable to other material-based ring resonators and can act as a general solution for high-dimensional QFCs.

关键词： reconfigurable resonator quantum frequency comb Hilbert-space dimensionality

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