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Reflection of a moving shock wave over an oblique shock wave

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第5期34卷 399-403页

作者： miaomiao WANG Ziniu wu Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The reflection of a moving shock wave over a wedge immersed in a still gas and the reflection of a wed ge induced steady shock wave over symmetrical and asymmetrical reflecting surfaces have received intensive considerations since more than 70 years ago.Here we consider a different shock reflection problem—reflection of a moving shock wave over an initially steady oblique shock wave induced by a wedge immersed in supersonic flow.For the flow condition we considered,five moving triple points,with each connecting an incident shock wave,a reflected shock wave and a Mach stem,are identified.By using the reference frame co-moving with each triple point,the type of each shock wave of this triple point is clarified.The present study is significant in that it treats a new shock reflection problem leading to a new shock reflection configuration and showing potential applications in supersonic flow with unsteady shock interaction.

关键词： Shock reflection Triple point Unsteady shock wave

Melatonin shapes bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 242-251页

作者： Lingfei Du Bingnan Liu Ziyi Han Yaoyao Xia Miaomiao Wu Shaojuan Liu Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina

Due to the immature gastrointestinal immune system,weaning piglets are highly susceptible to pathogens,e.g.,enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Generally,pathogens activate the immune cells(e.g.,macrophages)and shape intracellular metabolism(including amino acid metabolism);nevertheless,the metabolic cues of tryptophan(especially melatonin pathway)in directing porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection remain unclear.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the changes in the serotonin pathway of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection and the effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage functions.Porcine macrophages(3D4/21 cells)were infected with ETEC,and the change of serotonin pathway was analysed by reverse transcription PCR and metabolomic analysis.The effect of melatonin on porcine macrophage function was also studied with proteomic analysis.In order to investigate the effect of melatonin on bacterial clearance function of porcine macrophages during ETEC infection,methods such as bacterial counting,reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to detect the corresponding indicators.The results showed that ETEC infection blocked melatonin production in porcine macrophages(P<0.05)which is largely associated with the heat-stable enterotoxin b(STb)of ETEC(P<0.05).Interestingly,melatonin altered porcine macrophage functions,including bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities based on proteomic analysis.In addition,melatonin pretreatment significantly reduced extracellular lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity(P<0.05),indicating that melatonin also attenuated ETEC-triggered macrophage death.Moreover,melatonin pretreatment resulted in the decrease of viable ETEC in 3D4/21 cells(P<0.05),suggesting that melatonin enhances bacterial clearance of porcine macrophages.These results suggest that melatonin is particularly important in shaping porcine macrophage function during ETEC infection.

关键词： Porcine macrophage Melatonin Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Serotonin pathway

Treatment of coking wastewater by a novel electric assisted micro-electrolysis filter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 165-172页

作者： Ruosong Xie Miaomiao Wu Guangfei Qu Ping Ning Yingying Cai Pei Lv Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science & Technology Kunming 650500 China

A newly designed electric assisted micro-electrolysis filter（E-ME） was developed to investigate its degradation efficiency for coking wastewater and correlated characteristics. The performance of the E-ME system was compared with separate electrolysis（SE） and micro-electrolysis（ME） systems. The results showed a prominent synergistic effect on COD removal in E-ME systems. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC–MS） analysis confirmed that the applied electric field enhanced the degradation of phenolic compounds.Meanwhile, more biodegradable oxygen-bearing compounds were detected. SEM images of granular activated carbon（GAC） showed that inactivation and blocking were inhibited during the E-ME process. The effects of applied voltage and initial p H in E-ME systems were also studied. The best voltage value was 1 V, but synergistic effects existed even with lower applied voltage. E-ME systems exhibited some p H buffering capacity and attained the best efficiency in neutral media, which means that there is no need to adjust p H prior to or during the treatment process. Therefore, E-ME systems were confirmed as a promising technology for treatment of coking wastewater and other refractory wastewater.

关键词： Coking wastewater Micro-electrolysis Electrochemical COD removal

The generation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cancer cells: From nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 1041-1053页

作者： Zhiwei Fan Changyue wu miaomiao Chen Yongying Jiang Yuanyuan wu Renfang Mao Yihui Fan Department of Pathogenic Biology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Laboratory of Medical Science School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Dermatology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Pathophysiology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China

The immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)targeting on PD-1/PD-L1 has shown remarkable promise in treating cancers.However,the low response rate and frequently observed severe side effects limit its broad benefits.It is partially due to less understanding of the biological regulation of PD-L1.Here,we systematically and comprehensively summarized the regulation of PD-L1 from nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation.In PD-L1 and PD-L2 highly expressed cancer cells,a new TAD(topologically associating domain)(chr9:5,400,000-5,600,000)around CD274 and CD273 was discovered,which includes a reported super-enhancer to drive synchronous transcription of PD-L1 and PD-L2.The re-shaped TAD allows transcription factors such as STAT3 and IRF1 recruit to PD-L1 locus in order to guide the expression of PD-L1.After transcription,the PD-L1 is tightly regulated by mi RNAs and RNA-binding proteins via the long 3’UTR.At translational level,PD-L1 protein and its membrane presentation are tightly regulated by post-translational modification such as glycosylation and ubiquitination.In addition,PD-L1 can be secreted via exosome to systematically inhibit immune response.Therefore,fully dissecting the regulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 and thoroughly detecting PD-L1/PD-L2 as well as their regulatory networks will bring more insights in ICB and ICB-based combinational therapy.

关键词： Immune checkpoint blockade PD-L1 PD-L2 Topologically associating domain Transcription Post-transcriptional regulation Post-translational regulation Exosome

Low-frequency blue energy harvesting for sustainable and active anticorrosion

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Nano Research 2023年第9期16卷 11871-11877页

作者： miaomiao Cui Yawei Feng Hao wu Yuankai Jin Wanbo Li Zuankai Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Interdisciplinary Research Center for Engineering Science School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Engineering materials serving in marine surroundings are inevitably corroded.The corrosive marine conditions can also be utilized to harvest kinetic ocean wave energy to solve this problem.Leveraging water–solid triboelectrification to harvest lowfrequency wave energy for active anticorrosion is promising.Existing techniques are efficient in harnessing environmental energy with frequencies higher than 3 Hz,whereas the dominated ocean waves with optimal wave spectral density fluctuate from 0.45 to 1.5 Hz.Herein,we proposed a highly efficient and sustainable blue energy-powered cathodic protection(BECP)strategy by fusing water–solid triboelectric nanogenerators and cathodic protection technology.Leveraging the highly efficient triboelectrification between the moving water and hydrophobic fluorinated ethylene propylene tube,we developed the built-in power module,enabling the harvest of ocean wave energy lower than 1.5 Hz.The generated volumetric current density is 28.9 mA·m^(-3),5–20 times higher than the values of the reported devices.Moreover,the proposed BECP performs comparably to conventional cathodic protection in corrosion inhibition.Significantly,the proposed approach can be easily applied to ships,buoys,and other offshore platforms to simultaneously realize blue energy harvesting and engineering material protection,providing an alternative to traditional active protection technology.

关键词： corrosion inhibition blue energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator cathodic protection

Density Functional Theory Study of Marine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Anaerobic Degradation

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中国海洋大学学报:英文版 2023年第5期22卷 1353-1360页

作者： XU Xiang MAN miaomiao SUN Qinxing LIU Qingzhi wu Kechen YANG Dengfeng College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Marine Sensing Materials Minjiang UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)are a kind of serious pollutants in the ocean.Biodegradation is considered as an economical and safe way for PBDEs removal and reductive debromination dominates the initial pathway of anaerobic degradation.On the basis of experimental study,Octa-BDE 197,Hepta-BDE 183,Hexa-BDE 153,Penta-BDE 99 and Tetra-BDE 47 were selected as the initial degradation objects,and their debromination degradation were studied using density functional theory.The structures were optimized by Gaussian 09 program.Furthermore,the molecular orbitals and charge distribution were analyzed.All C-Br bond dissociation energies at different positions including ortho,meta and para bromine atoms were calculated and the sequence of debromination was obtained.There is a close relationship between molecular structure,charge,molecular orbital and C-Br bond.All PBDEs exhibited similar debromination pathways with preferential removal of meta and para bromines.

关键词： polybrominated diphenyl ethers reductive debromination anaerobic degradation density functional theory bond dissociation energies

Automatic grape leaf diseases identification via UnitedModel based on multiple convolutional neural networks

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第3期7卷 418-426页

作者： miaomiao Ji Lei Zhang Qiufeng wu College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China School of Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburgh 15260USA College of Science Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

Grape diseases are main factors causing serious grapes reduction.So it is urgent to develop an automatic identification method for grape leaf diseases.Deep learning techniques have recently achieved impressive successes in various computer vision problems,which inspires us to apply them to grape diseases identification task.In this paper,a united convolutional neural networks(CNNs)architecture based on an integrated method is proposed.The proposed CNNs architecture,i.e.,UnitedModel is designed to distinguish leaves with common grape diseases i.e.,black rot,esca and isariopsis leaf spot from healthy leaves.The combination of multiple CNNs enables the proposed UnitedModel to extract complementary discriminative features.Thus the representative ability of United-Model has been enhanced.The UnitedModel has been evaluated on the hold-out PlantVillage dataset and has been compared with several state-of-the-art CNN models.The experimental results have shown that UnitedModel achieves the best performance on various evaluation metrics.The UnitedModel achieves an average validation accuracy of 99.17%and a test accuracy of 98.57%,which can serve as a decision support tool to help farmers identify grape diseases.

关键词： Grape leaf diseases Identification Multi-network integration method Convolutional neural network Deep learning

Heterogeneity of Surface Heat Exchange of Slopes and Potential Drivers of the Initiation of Thaw Slump,Qinghai‑Tibet Plateau

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 549-565页

作者： Xingwen Fan Wenjiao Li Xuyang wu miaomiao Yao Fujun Niu Zhanju Lin State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In the mountainous permafrost area,most thaw slumps are distributed in north or northeast-facing shady slope areas.It is commonly known that there is a heterogeneity in permafrost between diferent slope aspects,but there has been a lack of detailed measured data to quantitatively evaluate their relationships,and in-depth understandings on how the slope aspects are linked to the distribution of thaw slumps.This study examined the heterogenous thermal regime,soil moisture content,and surface radiation at two slope sites with opposing aspects in a warming permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The results indicate that similar air temperatures(T_(a))were monitored on the two slopes,but there were signifcant diferences in ground temperature and moisture content in the active layer from 2016 to 2021.The sunny slope exhibited a higher mean annual ground surface temperature(T_(s)),and over the fve years the mean annual temperature at the top of permafrost was 1.3–1.4℃warmer on the sunny slope than the shady slope.On the contrary,the near-surface soil moisture content was about 10–13%lower on the sunny slope(~22–27%)than the shady slope(~35–38%)during the thawing season(June–September).Radiation data indicate that signifcantly higher shortwave downward radiation(DR)appeared at the sunny slope site.However,due to the greater surface albedo,the net radiation(Rn)was lower on the sunny slope.Slope aspect also afects the ground ice content due to its infuence on ground temperature,freeze-thaw cycles,and soil moisture.Shady slopes have a shallower burial of ice-rich permafrost compared to sunny slopes.The results highlight greatly diferent near-surface ground thermal conditions at the two slope sites with diferent aspects in a mountainous permafrost region.This helps identify the slope-related causes of increasing thaw slumps and provides a basis for predicting their future development.

关键词： Mountainous permafrost Slope aspect Soil moisture content Surface heat exchange Thaw slumps

Volatolomics in healthcare and its advanced detection technology

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8185-8213页

作者： Wenwen Hu Weiwei wu Yingying Jian Hossam Haick Guangjian Zhang Yun Qian miaomiao Yuan Mingshui Yao School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 730107China Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors School of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 730107China Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200002Israel Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061China Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineClinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310006China The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518033China State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 310006China Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto University Institute for Advanced StudyKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan

Various diseases increasingly challenge the health status and life quality of human beings.Volatolome emitted from patients has been considered as a potential family of markers,volatolomics,for diagnosis/screening.There are two fundamental issues of volatolomics in healthcare.On one hand,the solid relationship between the volatolome and specific diseases needs to be clarified and verified.On the other hand,effective methods should be explored for the precise detection of volatolome.Several comprehensive review articles had been published in this field.However,a timely and systematical summary and elaboration is still desired.In this review article,the research methodology of volatolomics in healthcare is critically considered and given out,at first.Then,the sets of volatolome according to specific diseases through different body sources and the analytical instruments for their identifications are systematically summarized.Thirdly,the advanced electronic nose and photonic nose technologies for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)detection are well introduced.The existed obstacles and future perspectives are deeply thought and discussed.This article could give a good guidance to researchers in this interdisciplinary field,not only understanding the cutting-edge detection technologies for doctors(medicinal background),but also making reference to clarify the choice of aimed VOCs during the sensor research for chemists,materials scientists,electronics engineers,etc.

关键词： volatolomics electronic nose disease diagnosis sensor artificial olfaction volatile organic compounds