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Alternaria TeA toxin activates a chloroplast retrograde signaling pathway to facilitate JAdependent pathogenicity

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 123-140页

作者： Jiale Shi He Wang Mengping Li Liru mi Yazhi Gao Sheng Qiang Yu Zhang Dan Chen Xinbin Dai Hongyu Ma Huan Lu Chanhong Kim Shiguo Chen Weed Research Laboratory Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory Noble Research Institute2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Botany and Plant Biology University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

The chloroplast is a critical battleground in the arms race between plants and *** microbe-secreted mycotoxins,tenuazonic acid(TeA),produced by the genus Alternaria and other phytopathogenic fungi,inhibits photosynthesis,leading to a burst of photosynthetic singlet oxygen(1o2)that is implicated in damage and chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde *** the signicant crop damage caused by Alternaria pathogens,our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which TeA promotes pathoge-nicity and cognate plant defense responses remains *** now reveal that *** induces necrotrophic foliar lesions by harnessing EXECUTER1(EX1)/EX2-mediated chloroplast-to-nucleus retro-grade signaling activated by TeA toxin–derived photosynthetic 1o2 in Arabidopsis *** of the 1o2-sensitive EX1-W643 residue or complete deletion of the EX1 singlet oxygen sensor domain compro-mises expression of 1o2-responsive nuclear genes and foliar *** also found that TeA toxin rapidly induces nuclear genes implicated in jasmonic acid(JA)synthesis and signaling,and EX1-mediated retro-grade signaling appears to be critical for establishing a signaling cascade from 1o2 to *** present study sheds new light on the foliar pathogenicity of ***,during which EX1-dependent 1o2 signaling in-duces JA-dependent foliar cell death.

关键词： TeA mycotoxin Alternaria pathogen chloroplast singlet oxygen retrograde signaling jasmonic acid

Deep Weighted Fusion Learning(DWFL)-based multi-sensor fusion model for accurate building occupancy detection

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 542-554页

作者： MdRumman Rafi Fei Hu Shuhui Li Aijun Song Xingli Zhang Zheng o’Neill Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityTXUSA

With the advancement of artificial intelligence,the dominance of deep learning(DL)models over ordinary machine learning(ML)algorithms has become a reality in recent years due to its capability of handling complex pattern recognition without manual feature *** the growing demands for power savings,building energy loss reduction could benefit from DL *** buildings/rooms with the varying number of occupants,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems are often found in operations without much *** reduce the building’s energy loss,accurate occupancy detection/prediction(oDP)results could be used to control the proper operations of ***,oDP is a challenging issue due to multiple reasons,such as improper selection/deployment of sensors,inefficient learning algorithms for pattern recognition,varying room conditions,*** overcome the above challenges,we propose a DL-based framework,i.e.,Deep Weighted Fusion Learning(DWFL),to detect and predict occupancy counts with optimal multi-sensor fusion *** fuses the extracted features from multiple types of sensors with the priority/weight assignment to each *** weight assignment considers different room conditions and the pros/cons of each type of *** evaluate DWFL model in terms of occupancy prediction accuracy,we have set up an experimental testbed with low-cost cameras,carbon dioxide(Co_(2)),and passive infrared(PIR)*** the recently proposed occupancy detection models,DeepFusion utilized deep learning model on heterogeneous sensor data and achieved 88%accuracy in occupancy count estimation(Xue et al.,2019).Another deep learning-based model mi-PIR achieved 91%accuracy on raw analog data from PIR sensors(Andrews et al.,2020).our research outcome is 94%.Therefore,the experiment results show that our DWFL scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art oDP methods by 3%.

关键词： Building energy saving Convolutional neural network(CNN) occupancy detection Deep learning Multi-sensor fusion Wavelet transform

Thermal explosion and irreversibility of hydromagnetic reactive couple stress fluid with viscous dissipation and Navier slips

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2019年第4期9卷 246-253,I0004页

作者： S.o.Salawu M.S.dada o.J.Fenuga Department of Mathematics Landmark UniversityOmu-aranNigeria Department of Mathematics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Mathematics University of LagosAkokaNigeria

The study examines the thermal explosion branched-chain and entropy generation as a result of irreversibility of hydromagnetic reactive couple stress liquid with viscous heating and Navier *** reactive fluid flow is enhanced by heat dependent pre-exponential factor and axial pressure gradient in a porous *** flow equations for the non-Newtonian couple stress fluid model and heat transfer are solved by employing a semi-analytical collocation weighted residual method(CWRM).The efficiency and validity of the obtained results was verified with the existing *** results reveal that at low hysteresis magnetic and viscous dissipation the irreversibility process is minimized and thermodynamic equilibrium is *** results from this study can assist in understanding the relationship between thermal and thermal explosions branched-chain.

关键词： Thermal criticality Entropy generation Viscous heating Non-Newtonian fluid

V_(2)o_(3)/VN electrocatalysts with coherent heterogeneous interfaces for selecting low-energy nitrogen reduction pathways

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SusMat 2024年第4期4卷 90-103页

作者： Tae-Yong An Chengkai Xia minyeong Je Hyunjung Lee Seulgi Ji min-Cheol Kim Subramani Surendran mi-Kyung Han Jaehyoung Lim Dong-Kyu Lee Joon Young Kim Tae-Hoon Kim Heechae Choi Jung Kyu Kim Uk Sim Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)NajuRepublic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)SuwonRepublic of Korea Materials&Chemistry Group Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Polymer Engineering Graduate SchoolAlan G.MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute&School of Polymer Science and EngineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea Research Institute NEEL SciencesJeollanamdoRepublic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea Department of Chemistry Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is a sustainable alterna-tive to the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia(NH3)***,the significant uphill energy in the multistep NRR pathway is a bottleneck for favorable serial *** overcome this challenge,we designed a vanadium oxide/nitride(V_(2)o_(3)/VN)hybrid electrocatalyst in which V_(2)o_(3)and VN coex-ist coherently at the heterogeneous *** single-phase V_(2)o_(3)and VN exhibit different surface catalytic kinetics for NRR,the V_(2)o_(3)/VN hybrid elec-trocatalyst can provide alternating reaction pathways,selecting a lower energy pathway for each material in the serial NRR *** a result,the ammo-nia yield of the V_(2)o_(3)/VN hybrid electrocatalyst was 219.6µg h^(-1)cm^(-2),and the Faradaic efficiency was 18.9%,which is much higher than that of single-phase VN,V_(2)o_(3),and VNxoy solid solution catalysts without *** functional theory calculations confirmed that the composition of these hybrid electrocatalysts allows NRR to proceed from a multistep reduction reaction to a low-energy reaction pathway through the migration and adsorption of interme-diate ***,the design of metal oxide/nitride hybrids with coherent heterointerfaces provides a novel strategy for synthesizing highly efficient elec-trochemical catalysts that induce steps favorable for the efficient low-energy progression of NRR.

关键词： coherent heterogeneous interfaces green ammonia synthesis hybrid electrocatalyst low-energy progression nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) vanadium oxide/nitride(V_(2)o_(3)/VN)

基于改进自适应多目标粒子群算法的机械臂最优轨迹规划方法

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实验技术与管理 2024年第3期41卷 184-191页

作者：左国玉李宓郑榜贵北京工业大学信息学部北京100124

轨迹规划是机械臂运动控制的关键环节,向控制器提供时间最短且稳定的参考轨迹,能够减少机械臂的运动时间以及关节振动。该文针对多自由度机械臂的时间、冲击最优轨迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进自适用多目标粒子群算法(improved adapti... 详细信息

轨迹规划是机械臂运动控制的关键环节,向控制器提供时间最短且稳定的参考轨迹,能够减少机械臂的运动时间以及关节振动。该文针对多自由度机械臂的时间、冲击最优轨迹规划问题,提出了一种基于改进自适用多目标粒子群算法(improved adaptive multi-objective particle swarm optimization,IAMoPSo)的机械臂轨迹规划方法。首先,利用5次B样条曲线对给定的关节路径点进行插值,获得位置、速度以及加速度等物理量连续的运动轨迹;然后,建立以机械臂的运动时间和关节冲击为优化目标的数学模型,将机械臂的关节运动学约束作为优化问题的约束条件;最后,为提高非支配解集的多样性,同时避免产生局部极值,采用变异算子、自适应权重以及动态学习因子的混合策略改进多目标粒子群算法,再优化求解目标函数,并利用归一化函数选取平均最优解。使用5次B样条曲线插值能够满足机械臂关节轨迹平滑以及连续性要求,基于IAMoPSo算法的最优轨迹规划方法能获得收敛性较好的Pareto前沿面,依据平均最优准则所选取的时间、冲击最优轨迹,能有效提高机械臂的作业效率与稳定性。

关键词：轨迹规划 5次B样条曲线多目标粒子群轨迹优化

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非二氧化碳温室气体卫星遥感反演研究进展

遥感技术与应用 2024年第4期39卷 793-808页

作者：米西源胡容海南京信息工程大学大气科学学院江苏南京210044 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049

除二氧化碳(Co_(2))外,甲烷(CH_(4))、二氧化氮(No_(2))、一氧化二氮(N_(2)o)和臭氧(o_(3))等非二氧化碳(Non-Co_(2))温室气体同样对气候有着巨大影响。比如甲烷在辐射强迫方面是仅次于二氧化碳(Co_(2))的第二大温室气体,臭氧已成为中... 详细信息

除二氧化碳(Co_(2))外,甲烷(CH_(4))、二氧化氮(No_(2))、一氧化二氮(N_(2)o)和臭氧(o_(3))等非二氧化碳(Non-Co_(2))温室气体同样对气候有着巨大影响。比如甲烷在辐射强迫方面是仅次于二氧化碳(Co_(2))的第二大温室气体,臭氧已成为中国多地仅次于PM_(2.5)的首要污染物。快速定位排放源,定量监测非二氧化碳排放,准确估算全球和区域非二氧化碳源汇分布具有重要的现实意义。本文综述了基于卫星遥感的非二氧化碳气体反演的发展,从算法原理出发,介绍了甲烷、二氧化氮、一氧化二氮和臭氧的反演现状,总结了现有研究的特点和有待解决的问题,以期为后续研究提供方向。目前利用卫星观测估算非Co_(2)气体浓度的主流方法是最优估计算法和DoAS相关的算法,CH_(4)、No_(2)、N_(2)o和o_(3)反演的柱浓度精度分别可达1%、10%、1%、1%。为更好提供可靠的数据产品以实现监测和实际应用,未来有待:①进一步提高非二氧化碳温室气体浓度反演的精度和效率;②研究基于多个传感器、算法和产品的数据同化问题;③优化针对不同地表类型的反演模型;④引入更精细的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和更精确的辅助参数;⑤协调全球多卫星网络资源;⑥研究多种气体之间的相互关系。

关键词：非二氧化碳温室气体卫星遥感反演算法甲烷氮氧化物臭氧

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全谱段多角度光学成像大气折光误差分析

武汉大学学报（信息科学版） 2024年第7期49卷 1176-1189页

作者：王艳丽孙克显金淑英王密山东科技大学测绘与空间信息学院山东青岛266590 齐鲁空天信息研究院山东济南250100 武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室湖北武汉430079

星载全谱段成像仪能够同时对可见光、近红外、短波红外、中波红外、长波红外光谱范围内的多个谱段进行探测,在热污染排放检测、农作物长势分析等方面发挥重要作用。然而,当光线穿越大气层时,受大气折射的影响,不同谱段存在程度不一的偏... 详细信息

星载全谱段成像仪能够同时对可见光、近红外、短波红外、中波红外、长波红外光谱范围内的多个谱段进行探测,在热污染排放检测、农作物长势分析等方面发挥重要作用。然而,当光线穿越大气层时,受大气折射的影响,不同谱段存在程度不一的偏折现象,降低了影像的几何定位精度、谱段间的配准精度,影响全谱段影像的应用效能与价值。针对全谱段多角度成像大气折光误差特性,采用高分五号全谱段光谱成像仪相机参数与大气参数,利用基于椭球分层的光学卫星大气折光改正模型,对全谱段多角度成像在不同区域、不同时间的大气折光误差差异进行了系统性的分析。实验结果表明,当侧摆角为45°时,大气折光引起的蓝波段的绝对几何定位误差约为6.491 m,相对几何定位误差可达2.698 m,对蓝波段与长波红外波段谱段间的配准精度的影响可达0.161 m。

关键词：全谱段成像仪多角度成像大气折光误差配准精度

内蒙古自治区臭氧污染特征及时空重点管控区段研究

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环境污染与防治 2024年第4期46卷 564-568,574页

作者：米敬程宇飞内蒙古自治区生态环境科学研究院内蒙古呼和浩特010011 海口经济学院海南海口571132 内蒙古自治区环境监测总站内蒙古呼和浩特010011

基于内蒙古自治区12个盟市的近地面臭氧(o_(3))浓度及气象等其他相关数据分析了内蒙古自治区的o_(3)污染特征,并提出重点管控区域和管控时段。结果表明,2019—2021年基本反映了内蒙古自治区的o_(3)浓度现状,这3年12个盟市的o_(3)质量浓... 详细信息

基于内蒙古自治区12个盟市的近地面臭氧(o_(3))浓度及气象等其他相关数据分析了内蒙古自治区的o_(3)污染特征,并提出重点管控区域和管控时段。结果表明,2019—2021年基本反映了内蒙古自治区的o_(3)浓度现状,这3年12个盟市的o_(3)质量浓度均未超过《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)二级标准限值(160μg/m^(3)),空间分布上呈西部和东南部高,中部和东北部低的特点。o_(3)防治典型区乌海及周边地区、河套灌区、“一湖两海”应进行重点管控,重点管控时段应为5—8月。以包头市为例研究发现,产业结构和机动车尾气是o_(3)污染的重要原因,温度大于25℃且风速小于5 m/s时温度和风速增大易促进o_(3)浓度升高。

关键词：臭氧污染内蒙古自治区重点管控时段重点管控区域

Investigation of HCAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby C.Krogstad Paiton o.McDonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua Evan C.Titgemeyer Barry J.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of Chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HCAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HCAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HCAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HCAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HCAR2. Stimulation of HCAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted Ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular Ca^(2+) responses when HCAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating Ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HCAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HCAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced Ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HCAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HCAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte Ca^(2+) mobilization in a HCAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis