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Hydro-Alcoholic Leaf Extract and Fractions of Codiaeum variegatum (var. Mollucanum) Exhibited an Improved Anti-Amoebic and Moderate Anti-Oxidant Potential

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 339-356页

作者： Sylvain Pechangou Nsangou Carine Matsingang Fondjou Charifa Ngbetnkom Mandou Sunil Kumar mfotie njoya emmanuel Frederic Nico Njayou Rakesh Sehgal Paul Fewou Moundipa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Lab Technology Chandigarh University Mohali India Department of Medical Parasitology Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh India

Amoebiasis, classified as the third intestinal parasitic infection, represents a public health problem in low-income countries where hygiene and sanitation conditions are poor. With the resurgence of resistant pathogenic strains as well as ancestral considerations in developing countries such as Cameroon, many people rely on medicinal plants to treat a plethora of diseases. This work aimed to highlight the anti-amoebic and anti-oxidant potential of Codiaeum variegatum extracts and fractions. The anti-amoebic potential of C. variegatum was assayed on the polyxenic culture of the clinical isolates of E. histolytica. Then, the anti-oxidant potential of the ethanolic/hydroethanolic extracts and fractions was evaluated through DPPH radical scavenging, iron reduction (FRAP), lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential and total antioxidant capacity tests followed by the determination of phenolic compound and flavonoid content. It was found that the fractionation process decreased the amoebicidal activities of C. variegatum leaf extracts. However hydroethanolic extract (CI50: 10.08 ± 0.42, 5.18 ± 0.09, 5.18 ± 0.09 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours) was more active than ethanolic extract (CI50: 15.59 ± 6.17;9.61 ± 2.37;6.26 ± 3.22 μg/mL respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Interestingly, the activities of hydroethanolic extract were significantly non-different compared to metronidazole CI50: 8.42 ± 0.44, 6.45 ± 0.22 and 3.42 ± 0.33 μg/mL, respectively after 24, 48 and 72 hours). Ethanolic extract and EF5 showed higher Phenolic compound contents and higher antioxidant activity than hydroethanolic extract and other fractions through DPPH radical scavenging power (EC50 = 311.50 ± 4.12 μg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (44 ± 0.07 mgEAA/gF). However, these activities are significantly lower than those of ascorbic acid (EC50 = 31.20 ± 4.39 μg/mL, and 61.34 ± 4.42 μg/mL respectively). This low antioxidant activity was confirmed by po

关键词： Codiaeum Variegatum Amoebiasis Antiamoebic Antioxidant

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Dry Eyes Syndrome in Glaucomatous Patients on Anti-Glaucoma Eye Drops Followed up at the Garoua Regional Hospital-Northern Cameroon

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 350-360页

作者： Josiane Mare njoya Dodo Balkissou Bimingo Noelle Bra’ Eyatcha Viola Dohvoma Yannick Bilong Godefroy Koki Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

Background: Dry eye and glaucoma are two common pathologies in the elderly, and are very often associated. This association suggests a link between them and between their treatments. Our purpose for this study is to determine the prevalence of dry eye in our glaucoma patients treated with eye drops and deduce the factors associated with it. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study from October 2022 to September 2023 in the ophthalmology department of Garoua Regional Hospital in glaucoma patients aged over 15 years able to answer the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires and treated with antiglaucoma eye drops for more than 3 months. These patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and a tear film break-up time test. Results: A total of 73 patients (146 eyes) were examined. The average age of the patients was 47.2 ± 16.5 years, with a male predominance of 54.8%. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome in our patients according to the OSDI score was 56.2% (95% CI) (44.8;67.6). The prevalence of dry eye syndrome on clinical examination of the BUT in the right eye was 83.7% (95% CI) (75.1;92.1) and 79.4% (70.2;88.7) in the left eye. The duration of antiglaucoma treatment was the factor associated with dry eye syndrome (p < 0.05) in glaucoma patients in our setting. Conclusion: Dry Eye Syndrome is common in glaucoma patients on drops in our setting. Treatment duration of more than 1 year seems to be associated with dry eyes.

关键词： Dry Eyes Glaucoma Conservative Eye Drops Médications Garoua-Cameroon

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瑞香素及噁唑类小分子抑制吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1(IDO1)的研究

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天然产物研究与开发 2018年第12期30卷 2128-2132,2096页

作者：李晟李焱鑫 emmanuel mfotie njoya 蒋黎李霖王飞中国科学院成都生物研究所天然产物及临床转化重点实验室成都610041 四川省医学科学院四川省人民医院检验医学研究所成都610072

吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1,IDO1)在肿瘤免疫中发挥了重要作用,为了获得新型的IDO1小分子抑制剂,本研究利用He La细胞系建立了IDO1抑制剂筛选模型,筛选抑制IDO1活性的天然小分子化合物。将He La细胞接种于48... 详细信息

吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1,IDO1)在肿瘤免疫中发挥了重要作用,为了获得新型的IDO1小分子抑制剂,本研究利用He La细胞系建立了IDO1抑制剂筛选模型,筛选抑制IDO1活性的天然小分子化合物。将He La细胞接种于48孔板中,加入干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)诱导He La细胞中IDO1的表达,检测HeLa细胞分泌IDO1的酶代谢活性。对化合物库筛选后发现瑞香素(Daphnetin)和一个噁唑类小分子ZH-26能够抑制IDO1酶活性,采用Graph Pad Prism计算瑞香素和ZH-26的IC50值,结果显示瑞香素的IC50为16. 50±0. 33μM,ZH-26的IC50为4. 68±0. 21μM。进一步在HEK-293A细胞中过表达IDO1,不同浓度瑞香素和ZH-26处理细胞后也表现出对IDO1活性的抑制作用。采用Western blot方法发现瑞香素显著下调IFN-γ诱导的IDO1蛋白表达,而ZH-26则对IFN-γ诱导的IDO1的表达没有影响。综上,瑞香素和ZH-26在He La细胞内没有发现明显的细胞毒作用。本实验首次发现了瑞香素和ZH-26具有抑制IDO1的活性,不但为了解瑞香素这一天然来源临床药物的抗肿瘤机制提供新的视角,也为开发新的靶向IDO1的肿瘤免疫治疗候选药物奠定了基础。

关键词：吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1 筛选瑞香素噁唑类化合物

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The assessment of water-borne erosion at catchment level using GIS-based RUSLE and remote sensing: A review

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 27-46页

作者： Kwanele Phinzi njoya Silas Ngetar School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalMazisi Kunene RoadGlenwoodDurban 4041South Africa

Soil erosion is a direct product of the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic *** factors vary over space and time,making the assessment of soil erosion even more *** erosion models such as the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) provides a rather simple and yet comprehensive framework for assessing soil erosion and its causative *** considers rainfall (R),topography (LS),soil erodibility (K),cover management (C),and support practice (P) as important factors affecting soil *** the past few years,RUSLE has benefited tremendously from advances in geospatial technologies like Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote *** this paper,an overview of recent developments on the use of these geospatial technologies in deriving individual RUSLE factors is provided,placing an emphasis on related successes and *** review is expected to improve the understanding of the role played by such technologies in deriving RUSLE parameters despite existing *** research,however,must pay special attention to error assessment of remote sensing-derived RUSLE parameters.

关键词： Soil erosion Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) parameters Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote sensing

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Factors in the Garoua Central Prison, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 174-183页

作者： Mohamadou Abdou Galdima Adamou Dodo Balkissou Guy Roger Nsenga Djapa Winnie Tatiana Bekolo Nga Gilles Aghoagni Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam Ali Abas Mathurin Pierre Kowo Firmin Ankouane Andoulo Dominique Noah Noah Oudou njoya Servais Albert Fiacre Eloumou Bagnaka Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Garoua Regional Hospital Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty de Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 1 Yaound&#233 Cameroon

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in Cameroon. Garoua city is the headquarters of the North Region of Cameroon, where the HBV prevalence is among the highest of the country. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg carriage and associated factors among persons incarcerated in the Garoua Central Prison. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to July 31, 2023 at the Garoua Central prison. We included all prisoners willing to participate in the study and who gave their verbal consent. We collected data using a pre-established data entry form and we used rapid test for blood screening for HBV surface antigen (HBs Ag) with ELISA confirmation. Data were analyzed using the R® software for Windows. After the univariate analysis, we selected associated variables to HBV infection with p-value p-value was set at 5%. Results: We included 1389 prisoners out of which 97.6% were male. The median age (IQR) of the study population was 28 (23 - 35) years. The median (IQR) duration of incarceration was 12 (6 - 26) months and the mean (±sd) number of incarcerations was 1.24 (±0.6). HBV prevalence was estimated at 14.8% (95% CI: 13.0 - 16.7). Upon uni- and multivariate analysis, no risk factor was significantly associated with viral hepatitis B infection in our study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis B was high in the Garoua Central Prison, but there were no additional risk factors for HBV infection. There is a need to include the Garoua Central Prison and by the way other prisons in the country in the chronic viral hepatitis care program.

关键词： Hepatitis B Prison Associated factors Cameroon

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Codiaeum Variegatum Hydro Alcoholic Leaf Extracts and Their Fractions Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Vitro

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 40-54页

作者： Sylvain Pechangou Nsangou Charifa Ngbetkom Mandou Carine Matsigang Fondjou Vigny Sayal Ngohoba Edie Brice Enang II Ibrahim Njingou emmanuel mfotie njoya Frederic Nico Njayou Paul Moundipa Fewou Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde1 Yaounde Cameroon Centre for Quality of Health and Living Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Central University of Technology Bloemfontein South Africa

Codiaeum variegatum has been widely investigated for its biological proprieties ranging from the antiamoebic potential to the phytochemical analysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of C. variegatum leaf extracts and fractions. A primary macrophage culture activated by Saccharomyces cereviseae (SC) was used to evaluate cell cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts and fractions. Macrophages were treated with different concentrations (0.1;1;10 and 100 μg/mL) of the extracts/fractions for the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity, nitric oxide (NO) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) production. No significant difference was observed on cell viability in the presence of extracts and fractions at tested concentration during the incubation period. Extracts and fractions of C. variegatum inhibited the 5-lipoxygenase activity, NO and TNF-α production by viable primary mouse macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The fractionation process increased anti-inflammatory activity. Among fractions, HEF2, HEF3, HEF5, EEF1, EEF3 and EEF5 exhibited the best anti-inflammatory potential. C. variegatum extracts and fractions exhibited a greater anti-inflammatory potential throughout the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, 5-Lox and TNF-α.

关键词： C. variegatum Anti-Inflammatory 5-Lipoxygenase NO TNF-α

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Factors Associated in HIV Infected Patients in Yaoundé(Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第7期10卷 181-186页

作者： Antonin Wilson Ndjitoyap Ndam Ousmanou Nsangou Mbombo njoya Richard Njouom Mathurin Kowo Serge Clotaire Billong Firmin Ankouane Oudou njoya Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Pasteur Center of Cameroon Yaoundé Cameroon

The Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis. This affection is generally asymptomatic and benign. Its incidence is elevated in sub Saharan Africa. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients, the HEV can cause chronic hepatitis with risks of cirrhosis and cancer. Assessing the prevalence and risk factors of an HEV infection in people living with HIV can help to prevent the transmission and the onset of their complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HEV markers and associated factors among HIV infected patients in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Ninety HIV infected patients were included in this study, with 29 men (32.2%) and 61 women (67.8%). The mean age was 46 ± 11.4 years old (21 - 74). The prevalence of HEV serological markers was 6.7% and 12.2% for immunoglobulins (IgG) and IgM respectively. Both IgG and IgM were positive for 2 patients (2.2%), while 15 patients (16.7%) had at least one immunoglobin positive. The consumption of well water and porcine foods was found to be associated with the presence of IgM HEV antibodies. There was no association between CD4 count, viral load and the presence of HEV serological markers.

关键词： Seroprevalence Hepatitis E HIV Associated Factors Yaoundé

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High Frequency of HBeAg-Negative Cases in Naive HBsAg-Positive Subjects with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Managed in the YaoundéHepatitis Therapeutic Committee: A Cross Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第2期5卷 113-121页

作者： Firmin Ankouane Mathurin Kowo Oudou njoya Elie Claude Ndjitoyap Ndam Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The aim was to describe the epidemiology of the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection within Yaoundé Hepatitis Therapeutic Committee. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from June 2004 to May 2012. We consecutively collected epidemiological data (gender, age, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, HBe-antigen-HBeAg, hepatitis B viral load-HBV-DNA and cirrhosis evaluation) from naive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients with chronic HBV infection. Chronic HBV infection is defined by the persistence of HBsAg for at least six months. The level of serum HBV-DNA was determined by the COBAS-AmpliPrep Technical/COBAS-TaqMan HBV®2.0 (Roche). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software (IBM Corporation, USA). Results: Of the 315 HBsAg-positive patients consulted, 74.6% were male;mean (SD) age 35.04 (10.25) years. Nearly 92% were HBeAg-negative. The serum ALT level was normal in 63.2%;HBV-DNA was detected in 81.0% and was ≤2000 IU/mL in 65.9%. Liver biopsy was performed in 145 (46.03%);10 (6.9%) had cirrhosis. HBeAg-negative patients were older than HBeAg-positive (35.3 vs. 31.9 years;p = 0.006). The serum ALT level was high in 84.0% HBeAg-positive patients and in 32.8% HBeAg-negative (p < 0.0001). HBV-DNA was detected in 100% of HBeAg-positive patients against 79.7% of HBeAg-negative (p = 0.05). The median HBV-DNA level was 1550 × 103 IU/mL in HBeAg-positive patients and 1140 IU/mL in HBeAg-negative (p < 0.0001). Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 15.4% of HBeAg-positive patients and in 6.1% of HBeAg-negative (p = 0.221). Conclusion: HBeAg-negative cases are predominant among HBsAg-positive patients with chronic HBV infection in Cameroon. With the knowledge of this epidemiology, the care of patients will be improved.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis B e Antigens Viral Load Liver Cirrhosis Cameroon

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Competencies of Obstetric Caregivers Regarding Hepatitis B in the West Region of Cameroon

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2020年第3期8卷 81-88页

作者： Bintcha Walter Essi Marie José Mayopa Cédric FranÇois njoya Oudou Unitéde gynécologie et Obstétrique/FSS-universitéd’Abomey Calavi CotonouBP:188Bénin Département de médecine interne et Spécialités/FMSB-Universitéde YaoundéI YaoundéBP:1364Cameroun Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Hépatites virales et la Communication en Santéde la FMSB(LRHCS FMSB)-Universitéde YaoundéI YaoundéBP:1364Cameroun Département de Santépublique FMSB-Universitéde YaoundéI YaoundéBP:1364Cameroun

There are many zones of high prevalence of hepatitis B like Cameroon(10%).Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B is the most common mode of transmission in high prevalence *** prevention is assured by the health care staff in charge of pregnant *** therefore used to assess the level of competence(skills levels)of obstetricians regarding hepatitis B in West region of *** was a cross-sectional analytical KAP *** recruitment took place in 11 hospitals in 5 major departments of West region of *** sampling was consecutive and *** population was constituted of 148 participants with a sex ratio of *** mean age was 34 *** population consisted of 50 physicians(33.78%),61 nurses(41.22%),and 37 auxiliary staff(25%).Only 4%had a good skills level,55%had an average skills level,and 41%had an insufficient *** Skills level was influenced by gender,occupation,seniority in the *** skills level of health care workers was average and insufficient for *** does not allow them to effectively fight against the mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus in Cameroon.

关键词： Competencies caregivers obstetrics Hepatitis B West region of Cameroon

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Evaluation of Regeneration Stock Alternatives for Optimization of Growth and Survival of Field-Grown Forest Trees

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第5期7卷 507-516页

作者： Titus Fondo Ambebe Lum Ayeoffe Fontem Balgah Roland Azibo njoya Moses Tita Mogho Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Faculty of Science University ofBuea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science University ofBamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Successful reforestation depends on the use of stock material that has a high potential for growth and survival in the environment where it is out-planted. This study is aimed at raising awareness on plant traits that are useful in evaluating the reforestation potential of seedlings and cuttings. The authors reviewed relevant literature on the assessment of quality of seedlings and cuttings and on the comparison of field performance of the two stock types. Results indicated that root-collar diameter, shoot height, root mass, number of first-order lateral roots and shoot-root ratio are morphological parameters whereas root growth potential, water relations, photosynthetic capacity and dormancy status are physiological traits that could be used as a basis for rating and comparing the suitability of seedlings and cuttings for reforestation. There is a discrepancy among studies on the field performance of seedlings and cuttings. It is concluded that a combination of morphological and physiological parameters should be used in evaluating the relative value of cuttings and seedlings. In addition, the age of the parent plant of a cutting should be taken into consideration when comparing the reforestation potential of the two stock alternatives.

关键词： Cutting donor plant age reforestation seedling growth and survival.

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