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Smoking reduction did not promote future smoking cessation in a general population

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2011年第3期1卷 73-79页

作者： Charlotta Pisinger mette Aadahl Ulla Toft Torben Jorgensen Research Centre for Prevention and Health Glostrup University HospitalThe Capital Region of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark Faculty of Health Science Copenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark.

Introduction: Smoking reduction (SR) has been introduced as a strategy for smokers who are unwilling or unable to quit. We wanted to investi tigate whether SR at one-year follow-up increased the probability of abstinence from smoking at three and five-year follow-up. Methods: we included a random sample from a general population, the Inter99 study, Copenhagen, Denmark. A total of 1975 participants were daily smokers (from both the intervention and the control group) with information on tobacco consumption at both baseline and one-year follow-up (year 1999 to 2001). Of these, 112 had reduced their tobacco consumption substantially, by minimum 50%, at one-year follow-up. Information on tobacco consumption and smoking status was available on 1441 and 1308 participants at three-year and five-year follow-up, respectively. Outcome was self-reported point abstinence at three and five-year follow-up. logistic regression analyses were adjusted for confounders. Results: One out of five smokers (20.5%) had maintained their reduced tobacco consumption at five-year follow-up. About twice as many reducers as non-reducers reported that they had tried to quit since baseline (p logistic regression analyses we found no association between SR at one-year follow- up and being point abstinent at three-year (OR: 0.57;CI: 0.28 - 1.15) or five-year follow-up (OR: 1.08;CI: 0.56 - 2.09). Conclusions: Our study, including smokers from a general population found no association between substantial SR and future smoking cessation at three- and five-year follow-up. No studies so far have reported that SR undermines smoking cessation, but it is still controversial whether SR significantly increases future smoking cessation.

关键词： Smoking Cessation Smoking Reduction Tobacco Consumption

国际新闻报道中经济依赖与媒体偏见的关系 ——基于四家欧洲报纸对中美贸易战的报道

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国际新闻报道中经济依赖与媒体偏见的关系 ...

作者： mette van der Heide 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

通过内容分析和批评性语篇分析（CDA）相结合的方法,探讨了国际新闻制作中国家间经济依赖与媒体偏见的关系。这篇论文包含一个基本命题,即经济相互依存度高与更积极的报道相关。为了检验这一关系,本文运用框架理论对欧洲的4家报纸的730... 详细信息

通过内容分析和批评性语篇分析（CDA）相结合的方法,探讨了国际新闻制作中国家间经济依赖与媒体偏见的关系。这篇论文包含一个基本命题,即经济相互依存度高与更积极的报道相关。为了检验这一关系,本文运用框架理论对欧洲的4家报纸的730篇文章有关中美贸易战的报道进行内容分析和框架分析。本论文发现,中国报告中的正面偏向与关注经济机遇的框架相关,而负面偏向框架与关注政治差异这方面相关。对于欧洲的那四家报纸来说,政治差异和经济机遇的框架似乎是不相容的:当同时被用于消极的政治和积极的经济方面时,政治差异被赋予了更高的重要性,并消除了对经济机遇的正面偏向。政治框架在德国报纸中最为重要,这与德国的亲欧洲立场以及德国在欧盟中处于主导地位有关。因此,在报道中美贸易战时,《德国时代周报》对中国持负面态度。意大利报纸《共和报》对中国的评价最正面,这与最近意大利加入“一带一路”倡议,与中国的政治交流更加密切有关,同时也与其在全球贸易中较弱的经济地位有关。通过内容研究还发现,对中国持正面偏向报道的增加并不必然与美国的负面偏向有关,反之亦然。这两种形式的偏向可以独立存在。这项研究表明,,意识形态的差异对中国造成了死板的不信任的态度。如果要解决此问题,最好能更好地认识框架困境,以便可以从经济和政治两个角度独立地进行报道。

关键词：批评性语篇分析中美贸易战国际新闻新闻偏见国 CDA 内容分析际媒体学

Highly Increased levels of Inter-α-inhibitor Heavy Chain 4(ITIH4)in Autoimmune Cholestatic liver Diseases

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 796-802页

作者： Tea lund laursen lars Bossen Rasmus Pihl Anne Troldborg Thomas Damgaard Sandahl Annette Gudmann Hansen Trine Folserass mette Vesterhus Henning Grønbæk Steffen Thiel Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of Biomedi-cine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Rheumatology Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Norwegian PSC Research Center Department of Transplantation MedicineDivision of SurgeryInflammatory Diseases and TransplantationOslo University Hospital Rik-shospitaletOsloNorway Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital BergenNorway Department of Clinical Science University of BergenBergenNorway

Background and Aims:There is an unmet need for new bi-omarkers to improve diagnostics and prognostics in primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Inter-α-inhibitor heavy chain 4(ITIH4)is an abun-dant,liver-produced protein,and its synthesis may be al-tered in liver *** investigated whether ITIH4 plas-ma concentrations were affected in PBC and PSC ***:We developed an immunoassay specific for ITIH4 and determined ITIH4 plasma concentrations in 66 PBC,126 PSC,92 autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),67 chronic hepatitis C(CHC),33 alcoholic hepatitis(AH)patients and 138 healthy controls(HCs).Hepatic ITIH4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in ***:The mean plas-ma concentration of ITIH4 was almost doubled in PBC[409μg/ml(95%CI:388-431)]and 35%higher in PSC[308μg/ml,(95%CI:296-319)]compared with HCs[226μg/ml(95%CI:221-231);plated with IgM(rho=0.49,plic acid treatment(UDCA)had lower levels of ITIH4 than incomplete responders[395μg/ml(95%CI:364-425)]vs.460μg/ml(95%CI:421-498);p=0.02].Four weeks of UDCA treatment had no effect(p=0.19).In-creased ITIH4 immunohistochemical staining was seen in a liver biopsy from a PBC ***4 levels in AIH[224μg/ml(95%CI:208-241)]and HCs were similar(p=0.8).ITIH4 levels were lower in AH[199μg/ml(95%CI:175-223)]and CHC[202μg/ml(192-212)]patients than in HCs(plusions:The plasma concentration of ITIH4 was highly elevated in patients with PBC and PSC,suggesting that ITIH4 should be further investigated as a biomarker in cholestatic liver disease.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Autoim-mune hepatitis Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment Alcoholic hepatitis Chronic viral hepatitis

Transposition of the great arteries-a phenotype associated with 16p11.2 duplications?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2017年第12期9卷 848-852页

作者： Zarmiga Karunanithi Else Marie Vestergaard mette H lauridsen Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Aarhus University HospitalAarhus N 8200Denmark Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University HospitalAarhus N 8200Denmark Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Aarhus University HospitalAarhus N 8200Denmark

Genetic analyses of patients with transposition of the great arteries have identified rare copy number variations,suggesting that they may be significant to the aetiology of the *** paper reports the identification of a 16 p11.2 microduplication,a variation that has yet to be reported in association with transposition of the great *** 16 p11.2 microduplication is associated with autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay,but with highly variable phenotypic *** and attention deficit disorders are observed more frequently in children with congenital heart disease than in the general *** surgery is proposed as a risk factor,but as yet unidentified genetic abnormalities should also be taken into ***,congenital heart abnormalities may constitute a part of the phenotypic spectrum associated with duplications at 16 *** suggest chromosomal microarray be considered part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with transposition of the great arteries.

关键词： Transposition of the great arteries Copy number variation Genetics 16p11.2 Microduplication

Gender gap in acute coronary heart disease:Myth or reality?

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World Journal of Cardiology 2012年第2期4卷 36-47页

作者： mette Claassen Kirsten C Sybrandy Yolande E Appelman Folkert W Asselbergs Department of Cardiology Division Heart and Lungs University Medical Center Utrecht VU University Medical Center

AIM: To investigate potential gender differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) management, and prognosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed through Medline using pre-specified key words . An additional search was performed, focusing specifically on randomized controlled clinical trials in relation to therapeutic intervention and prognosis. In total, 92 relevant articles were found. RESUlTS: Women with CVD tended to have more hypertension and diabetes at the time of presentation, whereas men were more likely to smoke. Coronary angiography and revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention were performed more often in men. Women were at a greater risk of short-term mortality and complications after revascularization. Interestingly, women under 40 years presenting with ACS were athighest risk of cardiovascular death compared with men of the same age, irrespective of risk factors. This disadvantage disappeared in older age. The long-term mortality risk of ACS was similar in men and women, and even in favor of women. CONClUSION: Mortality rates are higher among young women with ACS, but this difference tends to disappear with age, and long-term prognosis is even better among older women.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Gender Myocardial infarction Coronary artery bypass grafting Percutaneous coronary intervention Postoperative complications Mortality Prognosis Estrogens

Does a population-based multi-factorial lifestyle intervention increase social inequality in smoking? The Inter99 study

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第3期2卷 394-402页

作者： Charlotta Pisinger mette Aadahl Ulla Toft Anne Helms Andreasen Torben Jorgensen Faculty of Health Science Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark Research Centre for Prevention and Health Glostrup University Hospital The Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

Introduction: The social inequality in smoking in the Western countries has been increasing. It has been suggested that the most important strategy to reduce health inequalities related to socio economic status (SEP) is to promote smoking cessation in persons with low SEP. One could fear that a smoking cessation intervention might benefit smokers with high SEP more, and thereby increase the social inequality in smoking. We wanted to investigate whether the effect differed across SEP. Methods: The study was an individual multi-factorial lifestyle intervention study with a control group, Inter99 (1999-2006), Copenhagen, Denmark. We included 1991 daily-smokers with self-reported information on education in the intervention group, and 1135 in the control group. Smokers in the intervention group were repeatedly offered individual life-style-counselling and group-based smoking cessation. We used generalised linear mixed models under the assumption of missing at random, including interaction term between intervention effect and SEP. Results: The gap in self-reported abstinence rates increased over time between persons with high and low education. Probability of abstinence was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group, at all follow-up-visits but the effect of the intervention changed over time. The differences in quit-rates across educational groups were not significantly different in the intervention than in the control group at any time. Conclusion: In this randomised population-based intervention study we found that smokers across all educational levels benefited from the anti-smoking intervention, and that the intervention did not increase the social inequality in smoking, as one could have feared.

关键词： Smoking Cessation Smoking Socioeconomic Factors Intervention Studies Inter99 Study

Human-driven topographic effects on the distribution of forest in a flat, lowland agricultural region

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014年第1期24卷 76-92页

作者： mette V. ODGAARD Peder K. BOCHER Tommy DAlGAARD Jesper E. MOESlUND Jens-Christian SVENNING Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Blichers AIIe 20 DK-8830 Tjele Denmark Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Group Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department of Computer Science Aarhus University Abogade 34 DK-8200 Aarhus N Denmark

Complex topography buffers forests against deforestation in mountainous regions. However, it is unknown if terrain also shapes forest distribution in lowlands where human impacts are likely to be less constrained by terrain. In such regions, if important at all, to- pographic effects will depend on cultural-historical factors and thus be human-driven （an- thropogenic） rather than natural, except in regions where the general climate or extreme soils limit the occurrence of forests. We used spatial regression modeling to assess the extent to which topographic factors explain forest distribution （presence-absence at a 48x48 m resolu- tion） in a lowland agricultural region （Denmark, 43,075 km2） at regional and landscape scales （whole study area and 10x10 km grid cells, respectively）, how landscape-scale for- est-topography relationships vary geographically, and which potential drivers （topographic heterogeneity, forest cover, clay content, coastal/inland location） determine this geographic heterogeneity. Given a moist temperate climate and non-extreme soils all landscapes in Denmark would naturally be largely forest covered, and any topographic relationships will be totally or primarily human-driven. At regional scale, topographic predictors explained only 5% of the distribution of forest. In contrast, the explanatory power of topography varied from 0%-61% at landscape scale, with clear geographic patterning. Explanatory power of topog- raphy at landscape scale was moderately dependent on the potential drivers, with topog- raphic control being strongest in areas with high topographic heterogeneity and little forest cover. However, these conditioning effects were themselves geographically variable. Our findings show that topography by shaping human land-use can affect forest distribution even in flat, lowland regions, but especially via localized, geographically variable effects.

关键词： Europe forest cover geographically weighted regression human impact landscape development topography vegetation distribution.

The effect of sustained, long-term changes in alcohol intake on cardiovascular risk

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第4期2卷 444-451页

作者： Ulla Toft Charlotta Pisinger mette Aadahl Allan linneberg Cathrine lau Torben Jorgensen Research Centre for Prevention and Health GlostrupDenmark Steno Diabetes Center GentofteDenmark

Objective: To investigate whether sustained long-term changes in alcohol intake are predictive of cardiovascular risk. Methods: The study population was a subpopulation of the five-year intervention study, Inter99 study, (1999-2006), Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 2117;30 - 60 years). Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaires at baseline, one-, three- and five-year follow-up. The associations between sustained long-term changes in alcohol intake and cardiovascular risk factors (HDl and non-HDl cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP);the absolute risk of ischemic heart disease (CRS)) at five-year follow-up were explored by linear regression models. The alcohol variables were tested for linear association with the response variable. Results: Sustained increased alcohol intake was significantly associated with increased CRS (β = 0.0028;P = 0.006) and a decreased HDl cholesterol (β = -0.0028;P = 0.005). Among participants with a moderate overall alcohol in-take at baseline increased alcohol intake was significantly associated with an increased plasma triglyceride (β = 0.0069;P = 0.04). No association with triglyceride was found for participants with a high alcohol intake. Change in wine intake was significantly negatively associated with changes in diastolic BP (β = 0.0015;P = 0.02). Conclusions: Sustained increase in the long-term intake of alcohol was a significant risk factor for an increased CRS, increased triglyceride level and decreased HDl cholesterol. Increased wine intake was associated with decreased diastolic BP.

关键词： Alcohol Consumption Cardiovascular Disease Intervention Studies

创建你的领导模式杰出的领导者应该掌握“人际交点”的艺术

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经理人 2011年第12期 58-59页

作者： mette Norgaard

在你与他人发生的无数次联系中，每一次都有可能将你带入自己人生的高潮或者低谷，每一次都有可能成为对种种事件主动施加影响的宝贵契机，每一次都有可能把那些平淡无奇的时刻转变为不同凡响的“人际交点”。

关键词：领导模式交点人际领导者艺术人生