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Biology and resource acquisition of mistletoes,and the defense responses of host plants

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 332-344页

作者： meseret muche A.Muthama Muasya Berhanu Abraha Tsegay Department of Biology Woldia UniversityP.O.Box 400WoldiaEthiopia Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownRonde-bosch 7700South Africa Department of Biology Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia

Background:Mistletoes are the most successful group of obligatory hemi-parasitic flowering plants that attach to the host via haustorium for obtaining water and *** review aims to assess the current knowledge on mistle-toes host plant recognition,haustorium formation,water/minerals acquisition,and host plants’defense signaling and responses against mistletoe ***:Some mistletoes are host-specific while others are generalists occurring on a wide range of vascular *** host nitrogen(N)content,parasite–host chemical interactions,compatibility,and dispersal agents are the main determinant factors for host *** take up substantial amounts of water and minerals passively via apoplastic routes,and most are xylem feeders,but could shift to phloem-feeding during the physiological stress of the host *** evidence highlighted that cell wall loosening and modification are critical during the development of the haustorium in the host *** is made possible by the application of physical pressures by the developing haustorium and cell wall degradation using enzymes(xyloglucan endotransglycosylases,glucanase,expansins,etc.)produced by the *** plants defend against mistletoe infection mechanically by producing spines,lignin,suberin,etc.,which discourages dispersers,and chemically defend by killing the infector or inhibiting the establishment of the haustorium using their secondary metabolites such as terpenes,phenolics,and N-containing *** the host plants’response to mistletoe attack resembles the response to other biotic stresses,unlike short-term stressors,the effect of mistletoe attack is long-term and depends on the parasite *** by mistletoe leads to water and nutrient stress of the host plant and deteriorates its healthy establishment and ***:Mistletoes are heterogeneous group in the order Santalales which have versatile mechanisms for pollination,seed dispersal and

关键词： Biotic stress Haustorium Host defense Mistletoes Mimicry Resource procurement

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Quantifying the impacts of spatiotemporal land use and land cover changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model in Zoa watershed,southwest Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 344-364页

作者： Ginjo Gitima Menberu Teshome meseret Kassie Monika Jakubus Department of Geography and Environmental Studies University of GondarP.O.Box 196GondarEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Tabor UniversityP.O.Box 272Debre TaborEthiopia Department of Soil Science and Microbiology Poznan University of Life SciencesUl.Szydłowska 5060-656 PoznanPoland

Background Soil erosion in Ethiopian highlands is highly consistent with land use/land cover(LULC)changes that are associated with deforestation and a decline in ***,identifying soil erosion-prone areas and quantifying soil loss in rugged terrains and various agroecologies due to LULC changes have not been dedicated to scientific ***,we quantified the impacts of spatiotemporal LULC changes on soil loss across agroecologies and slope categories using GIS and RUSLE model from 1985 to 2021 in Zoa watershed,southwest ***,prioritizing erosion severity risks at sub-watersheds and quantifying temporal sediment yield is essential for better conservation *** images,rainfall,Digital Elevation Model,and soil data were obtained from field observations and secondary *** Bareland and farmland have been expanding at the expense of other land use *** annual soil loss in the watershed ranged from 0 to 113.21 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),0 to 163.16 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),and 0 to 194.58 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)with a mean annual soil loss of 21.07,29.35 and 40.93 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 1985,2000,and 2021,*** LULC classes,the highest soil loss was generated from bareland(31.73 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))and farmland(27.08 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))in 1985 later upsurged to 35.52 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)and 59.91 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 2021,respectively,due to the maximum susceptibility of soil erosion risks from unprotected *** results also revealed that the lowland agroecology generated the highest mean soil loss of 24.05 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)in 1985,39.74 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in 2000,and increased to 57.55 t ha^(-1) year^(-1)in *** the slope categories,the highest and most excruciating soil loss was engendered from steep(35.55–60.78 t ha–1 year–1)and very steep(52.48–72.69 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))slope terrains during 1985–*** northwestern part of the watershed is the most erosion-prone area which is now ex

关键词： Soil erosion RUSLE Land use/land cover Slope gradient Tolerable soil loss Soil conservation

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Incidence of human rabies exposure and associated factors at the Gondar Health Center, Ethiopia: a three-year retrospective study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 17-22页

作者： meseret Yibrah Debasu Damtie School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Background:Rabies is one of the oldest known and most feared human *** studies provide basic information about the burden of the disease and underline the importance of prevention and control ***,there have been limited studies conducted regarding the incidence of rabies and associated factors in Ethiopia,in general,and in this study area,in ***,the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of human rabies exposure and associated factors at the Gondar Health Center,***:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gondar Health Center where post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)for rabies was available for the whole population in the North Gondar Zone catchment *** of human rabies exposure cases between 2011 and 2013 were collected from the rabies PEP registration book using data abstraction *** data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical ***:A total of 261 cases of human rabies exposure were reported to the Gondar Health Center from 2011 to *** sex and age specific distribution showed that the majority of these cases were among males(142/226,62.8%)and children under 15 years of age(87/226,38.5%).A predominant number of cases were observed in individuals from rural areas(161/220,73.2%),and during fall and winter seasons(67/222,30.18%).A significant number of people exposed to rabies(23.2%)came to the health center for PEP two or more weeks after the *** incidence of human rabies exposure cases was 4.6,2.61,and 1.27 per 100,000 population in 2011,2012,and 2013,*** male and living in an urban setting were found to be risk factors for human rabies exposure in ***:A significant number of human rabies exposure cases were reported to the Gondar Health *** male and living in an urban setting were found to be associated with rabies exposure.A community-based follow-up study is recommended to more accuratel

关键词： Exposure Incidence Rabies Risk factors

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Determinants of farmers’perception to invest in soil and water conservation technologies in the North-Western Highlands of Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Desalew meseret Moges Aklilu Amsalu Taye Department of Natural Resource Management Debre Tabor UniversityEthiopia Department of Geography&Environmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia

Soil erosion by water is a severe and continuous ecological problem in the north-western Highlands of *** perception of farmers to practice soil and water conservation(SWC)technologies is one of the major causes that have resulted accelerated soil ***,this paper examines the major determinants of farmers’perception to use and invest in SWC technologies in Ankasha District,north-western highlands of Ethiopia.A detailed field survey was carried out among 338 households,randomly selected from two rural sample kebeles(called villages here after).Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of multiple variables on farmers’*** results indicate that educational level of the respondents and their access to trainings were found to have a positive and very significant association(P<0.01)with farmers’***,land ownership,plot size,slope type,and extension contact positively and significantly influenced farmers’perception at 5%level of *** the other hand,the influence of respondents’age and plot distance from the homestead was found to be negative and significant(P<0.05).The overall results of this study indicate that the perception of farmers to invest in SWC technologies was highly determined by socioeconomic,institutional,attitudinal and biophysical ***,a better understanding of constrains that influence farmers'perception is very important while designing and implementing SWC *** contacts between farmers and extension agents and continues agricultural trainings are also needed to increase awareness of the impacts of SWC benefits.

关键词： Soil erosion Farmers’perception Soil and water conservation Logistic regression Ethiopia

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Nutritional, health benefits and toxicity of underutilized garden cress seeds and its functional food products: a review

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 420-432页

作者： meseret Azene Kifle Habte Helen Tkuwab Center for Food Science and Nutrition Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box:1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Ethiopian Public Health Institute Food Science and Nutrition Research DirectorateP.O.Box:1242Addis AbabaEthiopia Mekelle University MekelleEthiopia

Garden cress seed is a potential source of macro and micronutrients including essential fatty acids and amino acids as well as minerals such as iron, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. The seed also provides appreciable amount of health-protective bioactive compounds used to treat diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, bone fracture, asthma, constipation and some forms of cancer. Besides,, it is used to develop functional foods of therapeutic value in food manufacturing industries and traditional food preparations. Even though, it is known for its superior health benefits, provision of essential nutrients, and wider application in functional food development it is among the most underutilized crop in the world. Additionally, majority of studies conducted on garden cress seeds are mainly animal trials and hence needs to conduct studies on human. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to provide up to date research evidence on the nutrient composition and therapeutic use of underutilized garden cress seeds and its functional food products, promising for the prevention of non-communicable and communicable diseases.

关键词： Garden cress seeds Lepidium sativum L. Underutilized Phytochemicals Therapeutic value Chronic and infectious disease Functional foods

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Could a phase model help to improve translational animal research?

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第6期5卷 550-556页

作者： Benjamin Mayer Jan Tuckermann Rainer muche Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different *** particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical ***,transferability of these findings to the human organism is *** other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative ***)provided by such experimental *** general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are ***:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational *** model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal ***:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation *** for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot *** on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical ***:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.

关键词： confirmatory trials hypothesis testing results interpretation transferability

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Effect of Varieties and Fungicide Rate on Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) Disease of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) at Tach Gayint District in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第5期13卷 588-599页

作者： Merkuz Abera meseret Semagn College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Faba bean is suffered with many biotic and abiotic factors. Chocolate spot disease, caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the biotic factors limiting yields of this crop resulting in yield losses up to 68% in Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted during 2020/2021 cropping season at Tach Gayint district, Ethiopia to determine the integration of faba bean varieties and fungicide rates on reducing chocolate spot disease. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, viz. three faba bean varieties and four rate of Mancozeb fungicide in factorial arrangement. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data was collected and analyzed. Results indicated that, disease incidence was reached at maximum percentage in all treatments on the last dates of assessment. But treatments were significantly difference in severity level. The least disease severity was recorded from varieties treated by 3.5 kg/ha of Mancozeb 80% WP with mean values Walki (12.7%), and (18.1% and 20.8%) on Gora and local variety respectively at the final dates of disease assessment. Similarly, the reduced AUDPC was also recorded from varieties treated by 3.5 kg/ha of Mancozeb 80% WP with mean values Walki (371.8% unit/day) and (539% and 686.4% days) on varieties Gora, and Local respectively. Whereas the maximum disease severity and AUDPC were obtained from unsprayed plots. Based on the results obtained, variety Walki treated with Mancozeb 80% WP at rate of 2.5 kg/ha and 3.5 kg/ha were effective to reduce the effect of chocolate spot disease for the study area.

关键词： AUDPC Botrytis fabae Mancozeb Disease Severity Vicia faba Variety

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Assessment of Factors Influencing Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae) Disease Epidemics of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) at Tach Gayint District in North Western Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第7期12卷 391-406页

作者： Merkuz Abera meseret Semagn Plant Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the oldest domesticated food legumes that have been cultivated for at least 5000 years. It is a multi-purpose crop that plays an important role in the socio-economic life of farming communities in Ethiopia. Chocolate spot disease, caused by Botrytis fabae is one of the yield limiting factors of this crop resulting in yield losses up to 68% in Ethiopia. A field survey was conducted in Tach Gayint district South Gondar Administrative Zone during the 2020/2021 main cropping season to assess the importance of the chocolate spot disease of faba bean. A total of 60 faba bean farmer fields were assessed in six (6) Kebele Administrations and most farmer fields were affected by chocolate spots. But the status of disease incidence and severity was varied. Significant differences among locations were observed due to altitude, soil type, planting density, date of planting, crop growth stages and farm history of the fields. Independent variables like Altitude, farm history, crop growth stage, date of planting and planting density were significantly associated with both disease incidence and severity when entered first and last into a model. The finding indicates that the lowest plant density and late planting of the crop reduce the incidence and severity of the disease.

关键词： Chocolate Spot Incidence Severity Faba Bean

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Transport Overhaul

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ChinAfrica 2015年第1期7卷 32-33页

作者： Elias meseret

THE East African nation of Ethiopia is hoping to inaugurate its first and very own city rail system in 2015. The Addis Ababa Light Railway Transit. being constructed with loans obtained mainly from the Export-Import B... 详细信息

关键词： Transport Overhaul

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Modeling and Simulation of Real Gas Flow in a Pipeline

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第8期4卷 1652-1681页

作者： Agegnehu Atena Tilahun muche Department of Mathematics Savannah State University Savannah USA

In this paper, a mathematical model that describes the flow of gas in a pipe is formulated. The model is simplified by making some assumptions. It is considered that the natural gas flowing in a long horizontal pipe, no heat source occurs inside the volume, transfer of heat due to heat conduction is dominated by heat exchange with the surrounding. The flow equations are coupled with equation of state. Different types of equations of state, ranging from the simple Ideal gas law to the more complex equation of state Benedict Webb Rubin Starling (BWRS), are considered. The flow equations are solved numerically using the Godunov scheme with Roe solver. Some numerical results are also presented.

关键词： Gas Flow Equation of State Godunov Scheme Roe Solver Pipe

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