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Diesel Engine Emissions and Performance Characteristics under Cape Chestnut Biofuel

Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2013年第6期1卷 9-14页

作者： Jedidah W. maina Ayub N. Gitau James A. Nyang’aya Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of mechanical and manufacturing Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Cape Chestnut oil was processed to biodiesel through transesterification. Cape Chestnut kennels are reported to have oil content of 60% - 63% [1]. Properties of biodiesel were determined and compared with those of diesel and engine tests done at a constant speed of 1500 RPm on the biodiesel blends to evaluate their performance and emissions characteristics. Performance evaluation was in terms of Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Horse Power (BHP) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (ETE). The engine was initially run on diesel to establish the reference characteristics before running on biodiesel blends. The biodiesel was blended with diesel volumetrically to 80% (B80), 50% (B50), 20% (B20) and 5% (B5) the percentage being the volume of biodiesel in the blended fuel. Diesel fuel had the lowest BSFC followed by B5 whose BSFC was 7.3% higher than that of diesel. BTE for B100 was lower than that of diesel by 20.3% while that of B5 was 7.6% lower. Concentration of SO2 in B100 was 92.7% lower than that of diesel fuel while that of B20 was 24.7% lower. NO and NO2 concentrations for B100 were around 15% higher than that of diesel. Particulate matter of less than 10 μm diameter (Pm10) for diesel was found to be 72% of the total collected from all the test fuels as compared to that of biodiesel blends at 28%. The study concluded that Cape Chestnut biodiesel blends containing up to 20% biodiesel can be used in an unmodified diesel engine since their performance and emission characteristics were very similar to that of diesel but with reduced toxic gas emissions therefore friendly to the environment.

关键词： Biodiesel Transesterification Performance Emissions Brake Specific Fuel Consumption Brake Horse Power Engine Thermal Efficiency

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Prolonged Obstructed Labor Is an Uncommon Presentation of a Giant Bladder Calculus: A Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Urology 2019年第4期9卷 77-83页

作者： B. m. Abubakar A. Abdulkadir A. A. Atterwahmie A. A. Atterwahmie A. A. Panti A. I. maina Department of Surgery Federal Medical Centre Nguru Nigeria Department of Surgery Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Federal Medical Centre Nguru Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Birniwa General Hospital Birniwa Nigeria

Prolonged obstructed labor is a critical intrapartum emergency. This intricacy is, however, unusual as a primary presentation of a giant bladder calculus. We report a case of a 25-year-old Para 6 + 1, who presented with a history of labor pains of 72 hours duration. She had background lower urinary tract symptoms with supra-pubic swelling and hematuria of 2 years duration. She had a single antenatal visit at 32 weeks however;no obstetric ultrasound scan was done before she went into labor. Examination revealed a highly placed fetal head with increase fetal heart rate. There was a hard mass bulging under the anterior vaginal wall. The diagnosis was a prolonged obstructed labor secondary to bladder mass with fetal distress was made. She had a caesarean section (CS) with the delivery of fresh stillborn. The bi-manually palpable bladder mass persisted post-CS. Her abdominopelvic ultrasound scan and abdominal X-ray post-CS revealed giant vesical calculus with obstructive uropathy. Urine microscopy culture and sensitivity yielded E. coli sensitive to Ciprofloxacin;other laboratory investigations were normal. She was treated for UTI and 2 weeks post-CS, she had opened cystolithotomy. The stone weighed 536 g. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful.

关键词： Prolonged Obstructed Labor Giant Calculus Primary Presentation

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Dermaseptin B2’s Anti-Proliferative Activity and down Regulation of Anti-Proliferative, Angiogenic and metastatic Genes in Rhabdomyosarcoma RD Cells <i>in Vitro</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第10期12卷 337-359页

作者： Ahmed A. Abdille Josephine Kimani Fred Wamunyokoli Wallace Bulimo Yahaya Gavamukulya Esther N. maina Department of molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry College of Health Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre for Public Health Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Faculty of Health Sciences Busitema University Mbale Uganda Department of Biochemistry College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RmS) is the most prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in children, representing approximately 50% of pediatric sarcomas and can develop in any part of the body though more frequently at the extr... 详细信息

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in children, representing approximately 50% of pediatric sarcomas and can develop in any part of the body though more frequently at the extremities. Aim: Evaluating the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of Dermaseptin B2 on Rhabdomyosarcoma RD (CCL-136TM) cells and its effect on the expression of MYC, FGFR1, NOTCH1, and CXCR7 genes involve in processes including proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. methods: RD cells were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Exponentially growing cells were treated with Dermaseptin B2 and Antiproliferative activity was assayed using the resazurin and migration assays at three time-points. In order to determine the gene expression profiles of mYC, NOTCH1, FGFR1 and CXCR7, total RNA was extracted from the cells and q-RT-PCR was performed with β-Actin as reference gene. Results: Dermaseptin B2 inhibited the proliferation of RD cells in a time and concentration dependent manner as with IC50 values of 7.679 μM, 7.235 μM, 5.993 μM. The 2-dimentional wound healing assay showed inhibition of migration and motility of the RD cells at time-points of 6, 24, 48 and 72-hours with the greatest inhibition observed at 72-hours. Dermaseptin B2 downregulated the target MYC (fc;1.5013, 1.5185, 2.4144), CXCR7 (fc;2.8818, 4.4430, 3.9924), FGFR1 (fc;2.3515, 2.0809, 2.2543), NOTCH1 (fc;2.4667, 4.6274, 4.3352) genes for the three-time points respectively. NOTCH1 and CXCR7 showed higher fold changes with respect to β-Actin than MYC and FGFR1. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Dermaseptin B2 mily:

关键词： Dermaseptin B2 Doxorubicin RmS Angiogenesis metastasis

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Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomy in a Low Resources Country: An Eight-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from a Secondary Care Hospital in Niger

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第10期14卷 1611-1627页

作者： Amadou Issa Abdou Hamidou Soumana Diaouga Zalika Salifou Lankoandé Souley Ibrahim Lailata maina Oumara Harouna Salifou Jamila Salamatou Guédé Younsou Ganda moussa Boukari Oumarou Garba Souleymane Hamissou Souley m. Noury madi Nayama Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mother and Child Health Centre Dan Dicko Dankoulodo University of Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Issaka Gazoby Maternity Hospital Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Mother and Child Health Centre Andre Salifou University of Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology General Referal Hospital Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Anesthesia Referal Hospital in Maradi Maradi Niger

Introduction: Emergency obstetric hysterectomy (EOH) is a lifesaving procedure that is performed as a last resort in cases of severe postpartum haemorrhage. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, socio-demographic profile of patients, indications, management and maternal-fetal outcomes of EOH in a maternity hospital with limited resources in Niger. methodology: This was an eight-year retrospective cohort study involving the analysis of medical records from patients who underwent emergency obstetric hysterectomies between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2022 at the mother and Child Health Centre (mCHC) in maradi, Niger. The epidemiological data, indications, and outcomes of EOH were collated and subjected to analysis using the statistical software package SPSS 21.0. Comparisons were made using the Chi-squared test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During the study period, 239 cases of emergency obstetric hysterectomy were recorded out of 269,710 deliveries, representing a frequency of 0.89%. The mean age of the patients was 32.41 years (range: 17 - 50 years). The patients were identified as married (239 cases, 100%), unemployed (228 cases, 95.4%), and not attending school (215 cases, 90%). The largest number of cases were observed in large multiparous women (i.e., those with more than five children), representing 58.6% of the total number of cases (140 patients). The average parity among this group was 6.15 children. The majority of patients (229 patients, 95.82%) had undergone in utero transfer, with 169 patients (70.71%), originating from peripheral maternity units in the maradi region. Upon admission, 116 patients (48.53%) exhibited active genital haemorrhage, while 58 patients (24.26%) were in shock. The primary indications for hysterectomy were uterine rupture (153 patients, 64%), uterine atony (77 patients, 32.2%), and placental accreta (six patients, 2.5%). Hysterectomy was performed

关键词： Emergency Obstetrical Hysterectomy Postpartum Hemorrhage maternal mortality Niger

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Antimicrobial Profiles of Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria Recoverable from Sewage and Sludge from Juja and Kibera Informal Settlements of the Larger Nairobi metropolis

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Advances in microbiology 2019年第6期9卷 507-524页

作者： John maina Perpetual Ndung’u Anne muigai Helen Onyango Joel K. mukaya Susan Wambui Terry Judah Joyce Kinyua Joystella muriuki Lynne Chesenge Lydia Kisoo Rebecca Thuku Boniface Wachira Vincent Bett Thomas Gachuki John Kiiru Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kiambu County Central Kenya Kenya Center for microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Nairobi Kenya

Africa has experienced rapid urban migration in the past two decades. New informal settlements continue to emerge and expand but the sanitation provision of facilities has not improved at the same pace and this poses a serious health concern to the public especially the urban poor. Open sewage systems and sludge-clogged drainage systems as well as soil contaminated with industrial and domestic wastes are possible sources of germs that probably cause clinical infections and epidemics. In this cross-sectional study, we recorded diverse genera of Gram-negative non-fastidious bacteria that included;Escherichia coli (23%), Klebsiella spp (21%), Enterobacter spp (19%), Citrobacter spp (10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), Proteus spp (7%), Salmonella (3%), Yersinia spp (3%), Shigella spp (2%), morganella morganii (2%), Edwardisella spp (1%), Hafnia spp (1%), Serratia marcesence (0.5%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (0.5%). most of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin while imipenem and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antimicrobial agents. Resistance combination towards ampicillin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin was also noted in recovered isolates (16%). An overall high antimicrobial resistance was recorded among isolates from slum as compared to those recovered from Juja, a middle-class settlement located at the edge of Nairobi metropolis. The prevalence of isolates with a combined resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime), gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was the highest among P. aeruginosa isolates (13%) but none of the Yersinia species and Edwardisella tarda exhibited this resistance. Carriage of blaTEm (52%) was most prevalent in all bacteria species followed by blaCTX-m (20%), blaSHV (18%) while blaOXA (17%) was the least common. The phylogeny analysis revealed significant genetic similarity among strains belonging to E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. agglomerans and P. mirabilis strains but less relatedness

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance multiple-Drug Resistance (mDR) Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae Sewage and Sludge

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18例AIDS晚期鼻出血的临床治疗

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解放军医学杂志 2007年第6期32卷 653-653页

作者：黄靖曹丽 Nyoni m. margaret 解放军第81医院耳鼻咽喉科南京210002 解放军第81医院眼科南京210002 赞比亚卢萨卡maino Soko医院耳鼻咽喉科

获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)是当前危及人类健康及社会发展的最严重的疾病之一。笔者在赞比亚麦纳索科医院(maina Soko)援外工作期间遇到18例典型的AIDS晚期患者鼻腔出血病例,现总结报道如下。[第一段]

关键词：获得性免疫缺陷综合征鼻出血治疗

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“La maina”滑坡（意大利卡尔尼克山岭）场地勘查与模拟

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水文地质工程地质技术方法动态 2008年第2期 12-18页

作者：赵玉军（译）薛星桥（校） G marcato m. mantovani A. Pasuto CNR-IRPI-National Research Council of Italy Research Institute for Hydrological and Geological Hazard PreventionC.so Stati Uniti 4 35127 Padova Italy GRJL-Geo Risk Joint Lab Palazzo delle Fiere 32013 Longarone （BL） Italy IHEPAS-Institute of Hydro Engineering of the Polish Academy of Science 7Koscierska Str. 80-953 Gdansk Poland

Sauris水库是一个水力发电水域，在其下游方向用高136米的双拱形混凝土水坝截流。水坝稳固地建造在坚硬的岩石上（Dolomia dello Schlern），但是，部分坝体处于早三叠纪粘土层上部——尤其是斜坡下部区域露出地面的早三叠纪粘土层，由... 详细信息

Sauris水库是一个水力发电水域，在其下游方向用高136米的双拱形混凝土水坝截流。水坝稳固地建造在坚硬的岩石上（Dolomia dello Schlern），但是，部分坝体处于早三叠纪粘土层上部——尤其是斜坡下部区域露出地面的早三叠纪粘土层，由于汇水盆地的蓄水增大了坝体滑动的可能。近年来，在“La maina”滑坡区域约10万平方米滑坡体表面上已出现多个裂缝，滑坡体体积约150万立方米。目前假定的不稳定区域的发育需要特别关注，如该水库所处的滑坡坡脚区域。在地方全民保护管理委员会的领导下，为了了解交通基础设施、一些建筑物和水库存在的风险，以及将来采取应急措施稳定斜坡，开发了一种模拟斜坡虚拟时间条件的数值模型。应立即建立一种由4个测斜仪、3个弦式伸缩仪和10个GPS基准点组成的监测系统，来监测滑坡的表面位移和深层位移。常利用收集的数据，依据地质和形态学开展数值模拟。通过比较模型与斜坡运动的形态学依据，检验模拟结果的可靠性。按照该数值模型提供的资料设计和实施缓解方案。

关键词：数值模拟滑坡区 La 意大利不稳定区域勘查场地山岭

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