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Solar Cooling Alternatives for Residential Houses

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第7期18卷 348-362页

作者： meron mulatu mengistu Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 26Ethiopia

The energy consumption rate of non-OECD(non-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the OECD countries which is 0.6 *** developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 ***,even now,renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing *** paper focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house of Bahir Dar city,in *** meet the demand of housing in the city,different types of apartments and villa houses are under *** the analysis case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses,condominium apartment and Impact Real Estate Villa *** results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8℃ and 30.7℃,5.53 kW and 5.73 kW *** of the residences are not satisfied at this operating *** are different types of solar cooling *** sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified into absorption,adsorption and desiccant cooling *** adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling *** do not have moving *** of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are:activated carbon/ammonia,silica gel/water,zeolite/*** chillier with silica gel/water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45℃ coming from flat plate *** 75℃ regeneration temperature,the system delivers 9℃ chilled water *** cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both *** gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling

关键词： Adsorption cooling load condominium impact real-estate IDA ICE

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Farmers' decision to adopt watershed management practices in Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 376-387页

作者： Fekadu mengistu Engdawork Assefa Center for Environment and Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in the highlands of Ethiopia for several ***,the successes of these practices have been quite limited and the main factors affecting these practices have not been examined in *** study intended to investigate rates and intensities of adoption of watershed management practices and to determine the main factors affecting farmers' adoption decisions in the upper Gibe *** were collected from 304 household heads in six sub catchments across different topographic settings using household *** groups discussions,key informant interviews and transect walk observations were also *** statistics and econometric models such as,multivariate and ordered probit were used to analyze the *** results revealed that the majority of households (82.6 percent) used at least one of the six practices considered in this *** bund,grass strip cultivation with soil bund and compost were the major watershed management practices adopted by *** rate and intensity of adoption were better for program participants and in upper and middle topographic *** results of the multivariate and ordered probit analysis indicated that household size,extension services,credit services,training services and perception of soil erosion had positive significant relationship with both rate and intensity of adoption of most ***,policy makers and planners need to consider labor,knowledge and awareness,and capital intensive nature of the practices for the up scaling planning and implementations of watershed intervention technologies.

关键词： Watershed management practices Farmers' decision Adoption Determinants Gibe river basin

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Structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,Southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 493-501页

作者： mengistu Gelasso Junqing Li Department of Forest Ecology College of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityP.O.Box 100083BeijingPeople’s Republic of China

This study evaluates the structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest,a dry Afromontane forest in southern *** data were collected using a systematic sampling *** and distribution of seedlings,saplings and mature trees were assessed along an altitudinal gradient using quadrats of different *** number of individuals,frequencies,heights and DBH of species>1 m and DBH>2.5 cm were recorded in altitudinal bands of 100 *** of the vegetation structure shows that the density of woody species decreases as DBH and height class *** area of stems with DBH>2.5 cm was 53.4 m^(2)ha^(−1).Population structure and regeneration patterns indicate a significant degradation of the forest due to anthropogenic *** was better for less valuable woody species than for species with economic and ecological *** suggests a discontinuous recruitment of these species due to selective cutting of middle and higher diameter ***,enrichment planting of high value,endangered species is necessary to maintain them as part of this *** is a need to develop and implement an effective forest management plan for sustainable use of these forest resources.

关键词： Woody species Altitudinal gradient Regeneration status Structural distribution

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Watershed prioritization for conservation planning using RUSLE and morphometric methods,Northwestern Ethiopia

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第8期20卷 2242-2262页

作者： Agumassie Genet GELA Daniel Ayalew mengistu Daniel Asfaw BEKELE Department of General Forestry Debre Markos UniversityBure 18Ethiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia Geo-spatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bahir Dar UniversityBahir Dar 79Ethiopia

Soil erosion and the subsequent sedimentation are serious environmental *** land management coupled with intense rainfall has complicated the problem in the Ethiopian ***,soil loss costs a profound amount of the national GDP and deters land *** soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource ***,this study aimed at estimating the mean annual soil loss rate of Gilgel Abay watershed which has critical implications on Lake Tana and Abbay River(Upper Blue Nile River),using RUSLE and morphometric analysis *** including rainfall,soil,Digital Elevation Model and land use/land cover were used to generate important parameters required for the soil loss *** collected through field observation,consultation with experts and document analysis were used for validation *** results of the study reveal that the watershed experienced an average soil loss rate of 39.8 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).Subsequently,nearly 25%(37,038 ha)of the watershed is threatened by moderate to very severe soil *** the four sub watersheds,sub watershed 3(S3)and sub watershed 4(S4),which consist of about 65%(105,000 ha)of the total area of the study watershed,experienced an annual soil loss rate of over 30 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1).The amount of soil loss that the study watershed has experienced is above the soil loss tolerance level of Ethiopia(2-18 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1))and the tropical region(10 t ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Similarly,the results of morphometric analysis showed that the studied watershed has S-shaped hypsometric curve,an indication for maturity stage of landscape *** studied watershed is also characterized by a non-circular shaped drainage with rugged and dissected topography that contributes to high flash flood,peak discharge and incidence of soil *** result of both models signified that S3 and S4 are highly susceptible to soil ***,t

关键词： Soil loss RUSLE model Morphometric analysis Gilgel Abay watershed

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Perception and attitude of pastoralists on livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park, Ethiopia: implication for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 129-141页

作者： Yihew Biru Zewdu K.Tessema mengistu Urge Department of Biology School of Natural and Computational SciencesDire Dawa UniversityPO Box 1632Dire DawaEthiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia.

Introduction:Pastoral livestock share grazing areas and watering points with wildlife around the protected areas in Eastern *** causes a high degree of livestock-wildlife interactions,leading to conflicts between the local community and park ***,understanding the perception and attitude of local people towards livestockwildlife interaction is very crucial to optimize both livestock production and biodiversity conservation in protected *** paper presents the perception and attitude of local community towards livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park(ANP),***:Interview to 180 randomly selected households,representing Afar,Ittu,and Kereyu ethnic groups living around ANP,was conducted from August to December 2015 using a semi-structured *** on community attitude towards wildlife,livestock production systems,and its constraints were collected through focus group-and key informant *** used ordinal logistic regression model to analyze community attitude towards wildlife ***:Respondents ranked feed shortage(0.38),lack of water(0.32),and climate change(0.30)as the major constraints of livestock production around ANP.A high degree of conflict(79%;χ^(2)=24.09;df=2;P=0.000)between the local community and park was *** 73%of the households would be ready to live in harmony with the ***,85%of park staff considered the community as a threat,due to high livestock grazing pressure and illegal park resource ***,community attitude towards wildlife significantly varied(χ^(2)=46.28;df=4;P=0.00)particularly due to educational level(χ^(2)=15.96;df=6;P=0.014),income source(χ^(2)=16.77;df=2;P=0.00),and distance of household from ANP(χ^(2)=20.51;df=4;P=0.00).The logistic regression model revealed that ethnic group,education,benefit obtained,and conflict with the park were significantly associated with attitude towards wildlife(χ^(2)15=76.62;df=16;P=0.000).Conclusions:Maj

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Conflict Livestock production Pastoral community Protected areas

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Perception and attitude of pastoralists on the use and conservation of rangeland resources in Afar Region,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 228-237页

作者： Minyahel Tilahun Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe Alemayehu mengistu College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Wolkite UniversityGubreiEthiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Forage and Rangeland Scientist Urael BranchP.O.Box 62291Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Animal Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Community perception plays a significant role in rangeland resource *** rangeland management practices by the pastoral communities are based on accumulated knowledge in connection to their local *** played a vital role in food production and sustaining its inhabitants in arid environment for ***,national policies and development interventions in East African pastoral systems have often overlooked pastoralism while centered on the modernization of agricultural sector for economic development and poverty ***:We used household survey,focus group discussion,key informant interview,and individual questionnaire to understand the perceptions and attitude of Afar pastoralists towards rangeland resource use and conservation practices,as well as impacts of development intervention on traditional rangeland resource use and conservation *** data were analyzed using index ranking and descriptive ***:The results showed that livestock holding per household was higher on average(22.90±2.27 Tropical Livestock Unit(TLU))in the non-intervened woreda than in the intervened woreda(8.30±3.85 TLU).Respondents mentioned that livestock productivity was adversely affected by a number of factors such as invasion of Prosopis juliflora(Dergi Hara),shrinkage in the capacity of rangelands(Beadu and Bebea’),and recurrent *** of grazing resources attributed to the invasion of Dergi Hara and drought created livestock feed crisis with strong implication on the livelihood of *** results showed that the traditional resource management practices such as mobility,herd splitting,and diversification had a role to contribute to the improvement of rangeland management and conservation of *** rules and seasonal-based grazing patterns of riversides during drought were perceived as key elements for rangeland resource management and conservation of rangeland res

关键词： Perception and attitude Pastoralists Rangeland resources Use and conservation Development intervention

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Tree species diversity predicts aboveground carbon storage through functional diversity and functional dominance in the dry evergreen Afromontane forest of Hararghe highland, Southeast Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 619-633页

作者： mengistu Teshome Wondimu Zebene Asfaw Nigussie Muktar Mohammed Yusuf Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia. College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Oda Bultum UniversityChiroEthiopia.

Background:Regarding the most important ecological challenges,scientists are increasingly debating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem *** this,several experimental and theoretical researches have shown inconsistencies in biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships,supporting either the niche complementarity or selection effect *** relationship between species diversity,functional diversity,and aboveground biomass carbon was investigated in this study employing standing aboveground carbon(AGC)stock as a proxy measure for ecosystem *** hypothesized that(i)effects of diversity on AGC can be transmitted through functional diversity and functional dominance;(ii)effects of diversity on AGC would be greater for functional dominance than functional diversity;and(iii)effects of functional diversity and functional dominance on carbon stock varied with metrics and functional ***-weighted means(CWM)of functional traits(wood density,specific leaf area,and maximum plant height)were calculated to assess functional dominance(selection effects).As for functional diversity(complementarity effects),multi-trait functional diversity(selection effects)indices were *** tested the first hypothesis using structural equation *** the second hypothesis,the effects of environmental variables such as slope,aspect,and elevation were tested first,and separate linear mixed-effects models were fitted afterward for functional diversity,functional dominance,and the two ***:Results revealed that slope had a significant effect on aboveground carbon *** diversity and functional dominance were significant predictors of the aboveground carbon storage(22.4%)in the dry evergreen Afromontane *** effects of species richness on aboveground carbon storage were mediated by functional diversity and functional dominance of *** shows that both the selection effects and the niche complement

关键词： Community-weighted mean Mixed-effect model Niche complementarity Selection effect Structural equation modeling

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The Effects of Selenium-enriched Probiotics on Growth Performances,Oocysts Shedding and Intestinal Lesions of Local Chinese Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella

The Effects of Selenium-enriched Probiotics on Growth Perfor...

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作者： Berhe Mekonnen mengistu 南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

本课题旨在研究日粮添加富硒益生菌(SP)对感染了柔嫩艾美耳球虫的中国本土黄公鸡的生长表现、卵囊排出情况和肠道病变的影响。270只一日龄的本地鸡随机地分为五组,每组三个重复。阴性和阳性对照组中鸡只饲喂基础日粮(0.11 mg Se/kg),其... 详细信息

本课题旨在研究日粮添加富硒益生菌(SP)对感染了柔嫩艾美耳球虫的中国本土黄公鸡的生长表现、卵囊排出情况和肠道病变的影响。270只一日龄的本地鸡随机地分为五组,每组三个重复。阴性和阳性对照组中鸡只饲喂基础日粮(0.11 mg Se/kg),其他组则分别饲喂益生菌(P,0.11 mg Se/kg)、亚硒酸钠(SS,0.41 mg Se/kg)和富硒益生菌(SP,0.41mg Se/kg)。在21日龄,除了阴性对照组,其他各组的每只鸡用灌胃法感染1.5 × 104个孢子化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊。每组中随机选取9只(每个重复3只)鸡采集血清、肝脏和盲肠样品。结果表明,和阳性对照组相比P、SS和SP三个组的采食量和体重增长都有显著的增高。另外,这三个组相比阳性对照组表现出更高的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1(GPx1)活性,并且葡萄糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量也显著上升。但是饲料消耗比(FCR)、卵囊排出数量、盲肠损伤计分、丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性仍较低。此外,P、SS和SP组的卵囊排出较少,盲肠损伤计分较低。和P组相比,SP组的GPx1、GPx4、SelW和IFN-y的mRNA表达量上调较显著,SS组次之。而在阳性对照组中这些基因的mRNA表达量相比阴性对照、P、SS和SP组显著下调。除了 P组中IFN-y的mRNA表达量相比阴性对照上调了之外,其他几个基因的mRNA表达量在P组和阴性对照组之间差异不明显。总之,日粮中添加富硒益生菌对改善鸡的生长表现和抗氧化能力、提高相关基因的mRNA表达、减少卵囊排出、缓解肠道病变等方面有显著的功效,对柔嫩艾美耳球虫造成的损伤起到一定的保护作用,这对家禽养殖企业来说具有重要的价值。

关键词：富硒益生菌柔嫩艾美耳球虫生长性能卵囊脱落肠道病变鸡

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Phenotypic diversity in Ethiopian durum wheat(Triticum turgidum ***)landraces

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 190-199页

作者： Dejene K.mengistu Afeworki Y.Kiros Mario E.Pè Department of Dryland Crop and Horticultural Sciences Mekelle University P.O.Box 231 Mekelle Ethiopia Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (SSSUP) Pizza Martiri Liberà 33 – 56127 Pisa Italy

The phenotypic diversity of 274 Ethiopian durum wheat accessions was analyzed, taking their geographic origins into account. The aim was to assess the extent and patterns of agronomically important phenotypic variation across districts of origin and altitude classes for major qualitative traits using diversity index and multivariate methods. Eight qualitative and three quantitative traits were scored for 2740 plants and analyzed for diversity. The Shannon–Weaver diversity(H′) index was used to estimate phenotypic diversity. The estimated H′ ranged from monomorphic for glume hairiness to highly polymorphic for other traits. The highest(0.86) H′ was obtained for seed degree of shriveling, possibly indicating the differential responses of the genotypes to water deficit during later growth stages. With respect to district of origin, the highest(0.72) and lowest(0.44) H′ values were obtained for the Bale and SNNP districts, respectively. With respect to altitude, the highest(0.76) and lowest(0.62) H′ values were recorded for altitudes 1600–2000and > 3000 m above sea levels, respectively. Principal components analysis explained substantial variation contributed by district of origin and altitude range. Genotypes were clustered into three groups by districts of origin and altitude class, with relatively strong bootstrap values of 57 and 62 for the former and latter, respectively. It could be concluded that Ethiopian durum wheat landraces are very diverse both within and among districts of origin and altitude classes. This wealth of genetic diversity should be exploited for wheat improvement of yield and for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly terminal drought.

关键词： Phenotypic diversity Diversity index Landraces Districts of origin Altitude Ethiopia

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Improving milk safety at farm-level in an intensive dairy production system:relevance to smallholder dairy producers

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第3期2卷 135-143页

作者： Habtamu Lemma D. Ashenafi mengistu Taddese Kuma Berhanu Kuma Wolaita Sodo University College of AgriculturePOB 138Ethiopia Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and AgricultureEthiopia Ethiopian Development Research Institute Ethiopia

Objective:This paper discusses methods for improving milk safety in smallholder ***:Analyzing best practices/experiences of selected countries and Ethiopian dairy farming as a case study(household survey and milk testing).Results:The coliform count was slightly higher than European *** value of total bacterial count found was higher than the standard of bacteriological quality of *** Cell count is slightly higher than US standard,but it is in the range of the EU ***,there were other associated challenges facing dairy farmers,including shortage of feed concentrate and water,milk marketing,health of dairy stock,and manure *** better practices were also observed including literacy and dairying experience of smallholder dairy *** this,increased availability of some dairy stakeholders and their efforts would also be an added *** efforts of private veterinarians to engage in provision of drugs and on-call home-treatment for stall-fed cows were good,but this needs to be complemented with laboratory based-diagnostic/clinical and advisory services prevent ***:Improvement of milk safety can be achieved through good management practices by dairy farmers,market incentives,and increased efforts of various stakeholders and the adoption of best *** this regard,a coordinated action involving all stakeholders is needed to implement preventative/control measures,quality management strategies,and appropriate regulation while supporting and building capacity of smallholder dairy producers to minimize risks associated with milk production.

关键词： milk safety challenges prevention intensive dairy systems smallholders dairy farms.

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