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Boulder-induced form roughness and skin shear stresses in a gravel-bed stream

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 346-360页

作者： das Ratul DATTA Akash civil Engineering Department National Institute of Technology AgartalaAgartala-799046India

Boulder spacing in mountain rivers and near-wake flow zones within the boulder array is very useful for fish habitat and growth of aquatic *** present study aims to investigate how the boulder array and spacing influence the near-bed flow structures in a gravel-bed *** are staggered over a gravel-bed stream with three different inter-boulder spacing namely(a)large(b)medium and(c)small *** acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used for flow measurements in a rectangular channel and the results were compared with those acquired from numerical *** time-averaged velocity profiles at the near-wake flow zones of boulders experience maximum flow retardation which is an outcome of the boulder-induced form *** ratio of velocity differences associated to form and skin roughness and its positive magnitude reveals the dominance of form roughness closest to the *** roughness computed is 1.75 to 2 times higher than the skin roughness at the near-wake flow *** particular,the collective immobile boulders placed at different inter-boulder spacings developed high and low bed shear stresses closest to the *** low bed shear stresses characterised by a secondary peak developed at the trough location of the boulders is attributed to the skin shear ***,the spatial averaging of time-averaged flow quantities gives additional impetus to present an improved illustration of fluid shear *** formation of form-induced shear stress is estimated to be 17%to 23%of doubleaveraged Reynolds shear stress and partially compensates for the damping of time-averaged Reynolds shear stress in the interfacial *** quadrant analysis of spatial velocity fluctuations depicts that the form-induced shear stresses are dominant in the interfacial sub-layer and have no significance above the gravel-bed surface.

关键词： Array of boulders Near wake flow zones Velocity distributions Skin roughness Form induced shear stresses

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Effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose and xylotriose on plasma immunoglobulin, cecal metabolites production, microbial ecology, and metabolic pathways in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1578-1589页

作者： Razib das Pravin Mishra Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Dietary supplementation of xylooligosac charides(XOS) has been found to influence gut health by manipulating cecal microbiota and producing microbe-origin *** no study investigated and compared the effect of in ovo feeding of xylobiose(XOS2) and xy lotriose(XOS3) in *** study investigated the effect of in ovo feeding of these XOS compounds on post-hatch gut health parameters in chickens.A total of 144 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into three groups:a) non-injected control(cON),b) XOS2,and c) *** the 17^(th) embryonic day,the eggs of the XOS2 and XOS3 groups were injected with 3 mg of XOS2 and XOS3 diluted in 0.5 mL of 0.85% normal saline through the amniotic *** hatching,the chicks were raised for 21 *** was collected on d 14 to measure plasma *** digests were collected for measuring short-chain fatty acids(ScFA) on d 14 and 21,and for microbial ecology and microbial metabolic pathway analyses on d 7 and *** The results were considered significantly different at Pchickens,revealing no differences among the *** chromatography results showed no significant differences in the concentrations of cecal ScFAs on d 14 but significant differences on d ***;the ScFA concentrations were lower in the XOS3 than in the cON group on d *** cecal metagenomics data showed that the abundance of the family clostridiaceae significantly decreased on d 7,and the abundance of the family Oscillospiraceae increased on d 21 in the XOS2 compared to the *** was a reduction in the relative abundance of genus clostridium sense stricto 1 in the XOS2 compared to the cON on d 7 and the genus Ruminococcus,torques in both XOS2 and XOS3 groups compared to the cON on d *** XOS2 and XOS3 groups reduced the genes for chondroitin sulfate degradation Ⅰ and L-histidine degradation Ⅰpathways,which contribute to improved gut health,respectivelyc in the micr

关键词： Broiler In ovo Metagenomics Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides

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Magnesium oxide(MgO)nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.c.S.Perera V.Gurunanthanan Anoop Singh M.M.M.G.P.G.Mantilaka G.das Sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi12788United Arab Emirates Postgraduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka Department of Humanities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical CampusIbrahimpatnamHyderabad501506India centre for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Physics University of JammuJammu and Kashmir180006India

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a significant environmental challenge,necessitating effective and sustainable separation *** review article provides a detailed examination of magnesium oxide(MgO)nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment,with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye *** review comprehensively explores various aspects of MgO nanoparticles,including their structural characteristics and synthesis *** article delves into the morphology and crystallographic arrangement of MgO nanoparticles,offering insights into their structural *** the complexity of adsorption processes,the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of MgO nanoparticles,such as temperature,pH,contact time,initial concentration,and co-existing *** interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of MgO nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing operational ***,the review assesses various synthesis methods for MgO nanoparticles,including sol-gel,hydrothermal,precipitation,green synthesis,solvothermal,and template-assisted *** discusses the advantages,limitations,and resulting nanoparticle characteristics of each method,enabling readers to grasp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption *** comprehensive review consolidates current insights into the effectiveness of MgO nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering a wide spectrum of aspects related to MgO ***,there is a need to investigate the use of MgO in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverage its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： MgO nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis methods

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Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury:A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 566-600页

作者： Sanjib Kumar das Koushik Sen Biswatosh Ghosh Nabanita Ghosh Krishnendu Sinha Parames c Sil Department of Zoology Jhargram Raj CollegeJhargram 721507India Department of Zoology Bidhannagar CollegeKolkata 700064India Department of Zoology Maulana Azad CollegeKolkata 700013India Department of Molecular Medicine Bose InstituteCalcutta 700054India

The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications,spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and ***,humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes,giving rise to potential health *** among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles,extensively utilized in consumer products,which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the *** review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity,drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo ***,the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and ***,we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials,emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.

关键词： Nanoparticles Hepatotoxicity Oxidative stress Inflammation Autophagy

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Resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators:A case study with multi-walled carbon nanotube

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 664-675页

作者： Shagufta YASMEEN Nintu MANDAL Anupam das Pritam GANGULY Sanjay KUMAR Rajiv RAKSHIT Department of Soil Science and Agricultural chemistry Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India) Department of Agronomy Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourBhagalpur 813210(India)

Soil ecosystem is experiencing stresses due to climate change,and soil inhabitants try to demonstrate their inherent resistance and resilience against those *** of nanomaterials as agricultural inputs could bring shifts in resistance and resilience patterns of soil microbes and associated enzymes,especially under short-term heat *** this background,the impacts of multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWcNT)on the resistance and resilience of soil biological indicators were *** incubation experiment was conducted with varied MWcNT concentrations(0,50,100,250,and 500 mg kg-1soil)for 90 d after 24-h heat stress at 48±2?c to assess the impacts of MWcNT on soil enzyme activities and microbial populations vis-à-vis their resistance and resilience indices under short-term exposure to heat *** activities were reduced after exposure to heat *** indices of enzyme activities were enhanced by MWcNT application on day 1 after heat stress,whereas there was no recovery of enzyme activities after 90-d *** soil enzyme activities,resistance index values of soil microbial populations followed the similar trend and were improved by MWcNT ***-walled carbon nanotube has the potential to improve resistance indices of soil enzyme activities and microbial populations under heat stress,although they could not recover to their original state during periodical incubation after heat *** study helps to understand the relative changes of biological indicators under MWcNT and their ability to withstand heat stress.

关键词： enzyme activity heat stress microbial population nanomaterial recovery

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Hybrid ion/electron interfacial regulation stabilizes the cobalt/oxygen redox of ultrahigh-voltage lithium cobalt oxide for fast-charging cyclability

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2071-2079页

作者： Zhihong Bi Anping Zhang Gongrui Wang cong Dong Pratteek das Xiaoyu Shi Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory of clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

High-voltage and fast-charging LicoO_(2)(LcO)is key to high-energy/power-density Li-ion ***,unstable surface structure and unfavorable electronic/ionic conductivity severely hinder its high-voltage fast-charging ***,we construct a Li/Na-B-Mg-Si-O-F-rich mixed ion/electron interface network on the 4.65 V LcO electrode to enhance its rate capability and long-term cycling ***,the resulting artificial hybrid conductive network enhances the reversible conversion of co^(3+)/^(4+)/O_(2)/nredox by the interfacial ion–electron cooperation and suppresses interface side reactions,inducing an ultrathin yet compact cathode electrolyte ***,the derived near-surface Na+/Mg2+/Si^(4+)-pillared local intercalation structure greatly promotes the Li^(+)diffusion around the 4.55 V phase transition and stabilizes the cathode ***,excellent 3 c(1 c=274 mA g1)fast charging performance is demonstrated with 73.8%capacity retention over 1000 *** findings shed new insights to the fundamental mechanism of interfacial ion/electron synergy in stabilizing and enhancing fast-charging cathode materials.

关键词： High-voltage Fast-charging LicoO_(2) Interfacial ion-electron cooperation Local intercalation

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2.4 V ultrahigh-voltage aqueous MXene-based asymmetric micro-supercapacitors with high volumetric energy density toward a self-sufficient integrated microsystem

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 307-314页

作者： Yuanyuan Zhu Shuanghao Zheng Jieqiong Qin Jiaxin Ma Pratteek das Feng Zhou Zhong-Shuai Wu State Key Laboratory of catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China college of Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Dalian National Laboratory for clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China

Two-dimensional MXenes are key high-capacitance electrode materials for micro-supercapacitors(MScs)catering to integrated ***,the narrow electrochemical voltage windows of conventional aqueous electrolytes(≤1.23 V)and symmetric MXene MScs(typically≤0.6 V)substantially limit their output voltage and energy *** concentrated aqueous electrolytes exhibit lower water molecule activity,which inhibits water splitting and consequently widens the operating voltage ***,we report ultrahigh-voltage aqueous planar asymmetric MScs(AMScs)based on a highly concentrated Licl-gel quasi-solid-state electrolyte with MXene(Ti3c2Tx)as the negative electrode and MnO_(2) nanosheets as the positive electrode(MXene//MnO_(2)-AMScs).The MXene//MnO_(2)-AMScs exhibit a high voltage of up to 2.4 V,attaining an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 53 mWh cm−***,the in-plane geometry and the quasi-solid-state electrolyte enabled excellent mechanical flexibility and performance uniformity in the serially/parallel connected packs of our ***,the MXene//MnO_(2)-AMSc-based integrated microsystem,in conjunction with solar cells and consumer electronics,could efficiently realize simultaneous energy harvesting,storage,and *** findings of this study provide insights for constructing high-voltage aqueous MXene-based AMScs as safe and self-sufficient micropower sources in smart integrated microsystems.

关键词： Asymmetric micro-supercapacitors MXene MnO_(2) Aqueous electrolyte High voltage Integrated microsystem

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Gas chromatographic Method for Identification and Quantification of commonly Used Residual Solvents in Pharmaceuticals Products

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American Journal of Analytical chemistry 2024年第8期15卷 241-252页

作者： Sreekanta Nath Dalal Pranab Kumar das Department of Applied chemistry & chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Applied chemistry & chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh

Background: Impurities are not expected in the final pharmaceutical products. All impurities should be regulated in both drug substances and drug products in accordance with pharmacopeias and IcH guidelines. Three different types of impurities are generally available in the pharmaceutical’s product specification: organic impurities, inorganic impurities, and residual solvents. Residual solvents are organic volatile chemicals used or generated during the manufacturing of drug substances or drug products. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective gas chromatographic method for the identification and quantification of some commonly used solvents—methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene, toluene, and pyridine—in pharmaceutical product manufacturing. This method will be able to identify and quantify the multiple solvents within a single gas chromatographic procedure. Method: A gas chromatography (Gc) equipped with a headspace sampler and a flame ionization detector, and a column DB 624, 30-meter-long × 0.32-millimeter internal diameter, 1,8 μm-thick, Brand-Agilent was used to develop this method. The initial Gc oven temperature was 40°c and held for 5 minutes. It was then increase to 80˚c at a rate of 2˚c per minute, followed by a further increase to 225˚c at a rate of 30˚c per minute, with a final hold at 225˚c for 10 minutes. Nitrogen was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.20 mL per minute. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was selected as sample solvent. Results: The developed method is precise and specific. The percent RSD for the areas of six replicate injections of this gas chromatographic method was within 10.0 and the recovery result found within 80.0% to 120.0%.

关键词： Method Development Gas chromatography compendial Method GDP Specificity Recovery

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Jet modification in absence of QGP-medium:the role of multiparton interactions and color reconnection

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chinese Physics c 2024年第1期48卷 50-60页

作者： Prottoy das Abhi Modak Debjani Banerjee Rathijit Biswas Supriya das Sanjay KGhosh Sibaji Raha Sidharth Kumar Prasad Department of Physics Bose InstituteKolkata 700091India Quark Matter Research center Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Recent studies on high-multiplicity events in small collision systems(proton-proton and proton-lead)have drawn considerable research interest toward the possibility of the formation of partonic medium in such *** of the important consequences of the formation of dense partonic medium is the quenching of high-momentum final-state particles,resulting in several experimental observations such as suppression in nuclear modification factor RAA,modification of jet shape observableρ(r)and jet fragmentation(z^(ch))distributions,*** this work,we studyρ(r)and z^(ch)for inclusive charged-particle jets in proton-proton(pp)collisions at√s=13 TeV using the PYTHIA 8 Monash 2013 Monte carlo *** show that the color reconnection(cR)and multiparton interaction(MPI)mechanisms in PYTHIA 8 can lead to an increased rate of jet *** also find that the mechanisms of MPI and cR and change in the gluonic contribution in high-multiplicity events result in significant modification ofρ(r)and z^(ch)compared to those in minimum bias events for 10ch)ce a direct connection ofand gluonic contribution with the amount of modification inρ(r):the larger the number of MPIs and/or gluonic contribution,the larger the amount of modification ofρ(r).

关键词： jet modification PYTHIA multiparton interaction color reconnection gluonic contribution high-multiplicity

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Microwave-accelerated direct regeneration of LicoO_(2)cathodes for Li-ion batteries

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Science china chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2181-2189页

作者： Xueshan Hu Yun-chao Yin chao Li Lihui Zhou Lin Yang Yitian Feng Daxian Zuo chenhui Ning das Soham Sheng Dai Longbin Qiu Lin Zeng Haw Jiunn Woo Jiayu Wan Future Battery Research center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China centre for Ionics University of Malaya Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research center School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Department of Natural and Applied Sciences Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries is integral to today's low-carbon environmental protection *** concept of direct regeneration,acknowledged for its environmental sustainability,economic viability,and consistent performance of recycled materials,is gaining *** study presents an efficient and nondestructive approach by utilizing an ultrafast microwave technology to directly regenerate spent lithium cobaltate(LcO)cathode *** contrast to conventional furnacebased processes,this method significantly reduces the regeneration *** subjecting the spent LcO mixed with lithium sources to three microwave heating cycles(at approximately 1,350 K),LcO regeneration is achieved,yielding a specific capacity of 140.8 mAh g^(-1)(0.2 c)with a robust cycle *** further environmental and economic benefits,the ultrafast microwave technology holds scientific promise for directly regenerating cathode materials,while establishing competitiveness for industrial applications.

关键词： battery recycling spent lithium cobaltate microwave directly regeneration cathode materials

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