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Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第1期59卷 44-59页

作者： Nora Adam Theresa Erler Mario Kallenbach Martin Kaltenpoth Grit Kunert Ian T.Baldwin meredith c.schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany German centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz5e 04103 Leipzig Germany Max Planck Research Group Insect Symbiosis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany

Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores-a generalist and a specialist-results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist＇s offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist Tupiocoris notatus（Hemiptera： Miridae）when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata（Solanaceae） with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp.（Hemiptera： cicadellidae）. We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants coinfested by Empoasca sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PcR of bacterial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of *** to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors（ircHK2/3）.Thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist ***.

关键词： Empoasca populations specialist offspring Hemiptera altered Nicotiana specialized Solanaceae transgenic

Shifting Nicotiana attenuata's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第7期58卷 656-668页

作者： Jasmin Herden Stefan Meldau Sang-Gyu Kim Grit Kunert Youngsung Joo lan T.Baldwin meredith c.schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany German centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) DeutscherPlatz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitatsstrasse lOD 78457 KonstanzGermany KWS SAAT AG Grimsehlstrasse 31Postfach 146337555 EinbeckGermany center for Genome Engineering Institute of Basic ScienceDaejeonKorea

Arabidopsis thaliana plants are less resistant to attack by the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Trichoplusia ni when plants and herbivores are entrained to opposite, versus identical diurnal cycles and tested under constant conditions. This effect is associated with circadian fluctuations in levels of jasmonic acid, the transcription factor MYc2, and glucosinolate contents in leaves. We tested whether a similar effect could be observed in a different plant-herbivore system： the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and its co-evolved specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta. We measured larval growth on plants under both constant and diurnal conditions following identical or opposite entrainment, profiled the metabolome of attacked leaf tissue, quantified specific metabolites known to reduce M. sexta growth, and monitored A/I. sexta feeding activity under all experimental conditions. Entrainment did not consistently affect NI. sexta growth or plant defense induction. However, both were reduced under constant dark conditions,as was M. sexta feeding activity. Our data indicate that the response induced by NI. sexta in N. attenuata is robust to diurnal cues and independent of plant or herbivore entrain- ment. We propose that while the patterns of constitutive or general damage-induced defense may undergo circadian fluctuation, the orchestration of specific induced responses is more complex.

关键词： circadian clock diurnal rhythm Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenuate plant-herbivore interactions

NaMYB8 regulates distinct,optimally distributed herbivore defense traits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第12期59卷 844-850页

作者： Martin Schafer christoph Brutting Shuqing Xu Zhihao Ling Anke Steppuhn lan T.Baldwin meredith c.schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-Str.807745 JenaGermany Molecular Ecology Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences(DCPS)Institute of BiologyFreie Universitat(FU)BerlinHaderslebener Str.912163 BerlinGermany

When herbivores attack, plants specifically reconfigure their metabolism. Herbivory on the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata strongly induces the R2R3 MYB transcriptional activator MYB8, which was reported to specifically regulate the accumulation of phenolamides （PAs）. We discovered that transcriptional regulation of trypsin protease inhibitors （TPIs） and a threonine deaminase （TD） also depend on MYB8 expression. Induced distributions of PAs, TD and TPIs all meet predictions of optimal defense theory： their leaf concentrations increase with the fitness value and the probability of attack of the tissue. Therefore, we suggest that these defensive compounds have evolved to be co-regulated by MYB8.

关键词： Figure TPI NaMYB8 regulates distinct,optimally distributed herbivore defense traits

The circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第8期61卷 924-928页

作者： Youngsung Joo Jay K.Goldberg Lucille T.S.chretien Sang-Gyu Kim Ian T.Baldwin meredith c.schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany Department of Biology Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon(ENS L)46 Allee d'ltalie69007 LyonFrance Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyYuseong-guDaejeon 34141South Korea Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte(IRBI) UMR 7261CNRS/Universite Francois-Rabelais de ToursAvenue MongeParc Grandmont37200 ToursFrance Laboratory of Entomology(WUR) Wageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Building 107/W0.Aa.0816708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 Zurich

The plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant *** herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)fluctuate,diurnally,but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely ***,we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri-trophic interactions,and this is mediated by the circadian clock,under both field and glasshouse *** most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm,the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time-dependent *** mediate tri-trophic interactions,and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.

关键词： herbivore glasshouse circadian rhythm

Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 190-194页

作者： ran li meredith c.schuman yang wang lucas cortes llorca julia bing anne bennion rayko halitschke ian t.baldwin department of molecular ecology max planck institute for chemical ecologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany department of microbiology and molecular biology brigham young university4007BLSBProvoUT 84602USA

Flowers are required for the Darwinian fitness of flowering plants, but flowers＇ advertisements for pollination services can attract florivores. Previous glasshouse work with Nicotiana attenuata revealed the role of jasmonate （JA） signaling in flower development, advertisement and defense. However, whether JA signaling mediates flowers＇ filtering of floral visitors in nature remained unknown. This field study revealed that silencing JA signaling resulted in flowers that produce less nectar and benzyl acetone, two pollinatorattractive traits. Meanwhile, flowers of defenseless plants were highly attacked by a suite of native herbivores, and damage to buds in native plants correlated negatively with their JA-lle levels.

关键词： EV JA Figure Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

MAPK signaling： A key element in plant defense response to insects

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 157-164页

作者： christian Hettenhausen meredith c. schuman Jianqiang Wu Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Max Planck Institute for chemical Ecology Hans-Knoell Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany

Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions （OS） that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）, common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase （SIPK） and wound-induced protein kinase （WlPK）, are rapidly activated by wounding or insect 0S; importantly, genetic studies us- ing transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.

关键词： defense FAc insect jasmonate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plant-insect interaction

In vivo radiometric analysis of glucose uptake and distribution in mouse bone

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Bone Research 2016年第1期4卷 31-38页

作者： meredith L Zoch Diane S Abou Thomas L clemens Daniel LJ Thorek Ryan c Riddle Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Division of Nuclear Medicine an Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical center Baltimore USA Department of Oncology Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Bone formation and remodeling occurs throughout life and requires the sustained activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, particularly during periods of rapid bone growth. Despite increasing evidence linking bone cell activity to global energy homeostasis, little is known about the relative energy requirements or substrate utilization of bone cells. In these studies, we measured the uptake and distribution of glucose in the skeleton in vivo using positron-emitting 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （[lSF]-FDG） and non-invasive, high-resolution positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PE~/cT） imaging and ex vivo autoradiography. Assessment of [~SF]-FDG uptake demonstrated that relative to other tissues bone accumulated a significant fraction of the total dose of the glucose analog..Skeletal accumulation was greatest in young mice undergoing the rapid bone formation that characterizes early development. PET/cT imaging revealed that [lSF]-FDG uptake was greatest in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bones, which accords with the increased osteoblast numbers and activity at this skeletal site. Insulin administration significantly increased skeletal accumulation of [lSF]-FDG, while uptake was reduced in mice lacking the insulin receptor specifically in osteoblasts or fed a high-fat diet. Our results indicated that the skeleton is a site of significant glucose uptake and that its consumption by bone cells is subject to regulation by insulin and disturbances in whole-body metabolism.

关键词： bone FDG

Biden's pick for cDc wins praise

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四川生理科学杂志 2023年第6期45卷 1081-1081页

作者： meredith Wadman 不详

Former North carolina health chief Mandy cohen is also a Washington,D.c.,veteran.

关键词： carolina Washington chief

Assessing vulnerability to panic:a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder

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General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 297-303页

作者： Donald J Robinaugh meredith J Ward Emma R Toner Mackenzie L Brown Olivia M Losiewicz Eric Bui Scott P Orr Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background cognitive-behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived *** a recently develope computational model formalising these theories of pani attacks,it was observed that the response to a simulate perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic *** this/review,we evaluate whether this observation is borne o in the empirical literature that has examined responses biological challenge(eg,c02 inhalation)and their relatio to subsequent panic attacks and panic *** We searched PubMed,Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents(eg,sodium lactate)and procedures(eg,infusion)combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder(eg,panic).Articles were eligible if they used response to a biologic challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attac or panic *** We identified four eligible *** effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response a moderate prospective association with subsequent pani attacks,but no prospective relationship with panic disorde conclusions These findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive-behavioural theories an some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerab to panic attacks pending further research and developme Trial registration number 135908.

关键词： behaviour subsequent sizes