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BIOBASED PRODUCTS AND THE LEED® RATING SYSTEM

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第4期5卷 91-107页

作者： meredith Chambers Mikesch Muecke Center for Industrial Research and Service Iowa State University Iowa State University

At the beginning of the 20th century,over 40%by weight of all the materials consumed through the production of goods within the United States were comprised of renewable resources(Matos and Wagner 1998).In contrast,by the end of the 20th century renewable material usage had dropped to less than 8%by weight(Matos and Wagner 1998).Combined with both an increase in the overall rate at which we consume resources as well as growing awareness of the inherently finite availability of nonrenewable resources,the early decades of the 21st century may mark the beginning of a shift back to an increased use of biobased *** the relative proportion of the demand for biobased materials has changed over the past century,one factor that has remained constant is that a majority of renewable and nonrenewable resources consumed in the *** used in the construction industry(Matos and Wagner 1998).Although the utilization of biobased products is increasing throughout all sectors,their popularity still lags in the building and construction industry,and they are surpassed by more widely accepted green practices such as the use of pre-and post-consumer recycled *** is,however,a great potential benefit to be gained from a resurgence in the use of biobased products,both from general environmental and human health *** of specific sectors that may profit from this include building and construction industries,which account for 40%(Roodman and Lenssen 1995)of global raw material usage,as well as the Federal government,which is the largest real property owner in the U.S.(*** Services Administration 2006).A biobased material is defined as containing some percentage of a biologically renewable *** to ASTM E2114-2004,a renewable resource is something“that is grown,naturally replenished,or cleansed,at a rate which exceeds depletion of the usable supply of that resource.”The length of time needed to replace a renewable resource can vary

关键词： biobased rapidly renewable Federal initiatives BioPreferred LEED building products sustainability

A NOT SO COMMON COLLEGE COMMONSSustainable Dining at Bates College

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第2期5卷 16-26页

作者： meredith Elbaum Sasaki Associates Inc

The growing emphasis in the United States on a building’s sustainability as it is constructed is clearly indicated by the exponential growth of the *** Building Council’s LEED rating *** addition,society is beginning to pay attention to the existing building stock’s environmental footprint,focusing on energy and water *** is less discussion,however,on how the design of the building can actually facilitate sustainable living within and even affect behavior beyond the building’s *** some cases,what we do in the building may outweigh the environmental impact of the building itself.A dining facility on an average college or university campus,for instance,has potentially the single highest environmental footprint compared to all other buildings on campus,outside of laboratory or medical *** is one of the most costly to operate and employs a high percentage of campus *** dining facility is one of the campus’s largest consumers in terms of purchased goods and producers of *** is also one of the biggest energy and water *** for the people working in the building can be dismal,with many kitchens lacking natural light,let alone fresh air or views to the ***,at the same time,the dining facility often serves as the center for student life on campus and has the greatest opportunity to affect students’behaviors relative to *** 2004 when Bates College began planning for a new dining facility(Figure 1),the goal was to break the stereotype for campus *** College wanted to push the envelope of the healthy and sustainable dining *** the end,Bates built a new dining Commons that is energy and water efficient,equitable to staff,produces close to no waste,supports local and organic food,uses materials responsibly,and increases relationships between students and faculty,coursework and dining,and campus life and community work.

关键词： sustainable dining local food food services health and productivity energy efficient dining hall energy efficiency waste management

MAPK signaling： A key element in plant defense response to insects

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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 157-164页

作者： Christian Hettenhausen meredith C. Schuman Jianqiang Wu Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoell Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany

Insects have long been the most abundant herbivores, and plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to defend against their attack, In particular, plants can perceive specific patterns of tissue damage associated with insect herbivory. Some plant species can perceive certain elicitors in insect oral secretions （OS） that enter wounds during feeding, and rapidly activate a series of intertwined signaling pathways to orchestrate the biosynthesis of various defensive metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPKs）, common to all eukaryotes, are involved in the orchestration of many cellular processes, including development and stress responses. In plants, at least two MAPKs, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase （SIPK） and wound-induced protein kinase （WlPK）, are rapidly activated by wounding or insect 0S; importantly, genetic studies us- ing transgenic or mutant plants impaired in MAPK signaling indicated that MAPKs play critical roles in regulating the herbivory-induced dynamics of phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, and MAPKs are also required for transcriptional activation of herbivore defense-related genes and accumulation of defensive metabolites. In this review, we summarize recent developments in understanding the functions of MAPKs in plant resistance to insect herbivores.

关键词： defense FAC insect jasmonate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plant-insect interaction

COVID-19 and its effects upon orthopaedic surgery: The Trinidad and Tobago experience

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第3期12卷 94-101页

作者： Marlon meredith Mencia Raakesh Goalan Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West IndiesSt.Joseph 0000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Sangre Grande HospitalSangre Grande 0000Trinidad and Tobago

The World Health Organisation(WHO)declared coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)a pandemic on March 11,***-19 is not the first infectious disease to affect Trinidad and *** country has faced outbreaks of both Chikungunya and Zika virus in 2014 and 2016 *** viral pandemic is predicted to have a significant impact upon all countries,but the healthcare services in a developing country are especially *** Government of Trinidad and Tobago swiftly established a parallel healthcare system to isolate and treat suspected and confirmed cases of ***‘lockdown’orders,office closures,social distancing and face mask usage recommendation were implemented following advice from the *** approach has seen Trinidad and Tobago emerge from the second wave of infections,with the most recent Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker report indicating a favourable risk of openness index for the *** effects of the pandemic on the orthopaedic services in the public and private healthcare systems show significant *** by shortages in personal protective equipment and inadequate testing facilities,the public system moved into emergency mode prioritizing the care of urgent and critical *** healthcare driven more by economic considerations,quickly instituted widespread safety measures to ensure that the clinics remained open and elective surgery was not *** teaching at The University of the West Indies was quickly migrated to an online platform to facilitate both medical students and *** Caribbean Association of Orthopedic Surgeons through its frequent virtual meetings provided a forum for continuing education and social interaction amongst *** pandemic has disrupted our daily routines leading to unparalleled changes to our lives and *** of these changes will remain long after the pandemic is over,permanently transforming the practice of orthopaedics.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Orthopaedics Trinidad and Tobago University of the West Indies The Caribbean association of orthopaedic surgeons

Natural variation in linalool metabolites:One genetic locus,many functions?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第8期63卷 1416-1421页

作者： Jun He Rayko Halitschke Ian T.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman National Citrus Engineering Research Center Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing400712 China Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena07745 Germany Departments of Geography and Chemistry University of ZürichZürich8057 Switzerland

The ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile *** studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)-or(S)-(+)-***(S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore,and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile *** found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene,NaLIS,but that free linalool varied more in environmental *** study reveals how(S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.

关键词： conjugated linalool Nicotiana attenuata Spodoptera littoralis

On the unipolarity of charge transport in methanofullerene diodes

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npj Flexible Electronics 2017年第1期1卷 100-105页

作者： Ardalan Armin Safa Shoaee Qianqian Lin Paul L Burn Paul meredith Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics The University of QueenslandSt Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25Potsdam-Golm D-14476Germany Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsThe University of OxfordParks Road OxfordOxfordOX13PUUK Department of Physics Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWales SA28PPUK

Fullerenes are electron transporting organic semiconductors with a wide range of *** particular,methanofullerenes have been the preferred choice for solution-processed solar cells and *** wide applicability of fullerenes as both‘ntype’transport materials and electron acceptors is ***,what is still a matter of debate is whether the fullerenes can also support efficient transport of holes,particularly in diode *** this letter,we utilize a number of recently developed experimental methods for selective electron and hole mobility *** show for the two most widely used solution processable fullerenes,PC70-and-PC60BM,that whilst both exhibit electron mobilities as high as 10^(−3)cm^(2)/Vs,their hole mobilities are<10^(−9)cm^(2)/*** charge transport in these fullerenes can be considered predominantly unipolar in diode configurations.

关键词： charge utilize polarity

Chest complications in autologous breast reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 205-215页

作者： Candice M.Leach meredith S.Collins Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Complications from autologous free flap reconstruction of the breast can present with both common surgical complications and unique complications at the chest recipient *** review covers complications at the chest recipient site,including chest wall deformity,chronic pain,mastectomy skin flap necrosis,infection,pyoderma gangrenosum,bleeding complications,pneumothorax,chyle leak,and positive internal mammary lymph node metastasis.

关键词： Autologous breast reconstruction complications chest wall deformity pneumothorax mastectomy skin flap necrosis chyle leak internal mammary node metastasis

In vivo radiometric analysis of glucose uptake and distribution in mouse bone

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Bone Research 2016年第1期4卷 31-38页

作者： meredith L Zoch Diane S Abou Thomas L Clemens Daniel LJ Thorek Ryan C Riddle Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Division of Nuclear Medicine an Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Baltimore USA Department of Oncology Cancer Molecular and Functional Imaging Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore USA

Bone formation and remodeling occurs throughout life and requires the sustained activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, particularly during periods of rapid bone growth. Despite increasing evidence linking bone cell activity to global energy homeostasis, little is known about the relative energy requirements or substrate utilization of bone cells. In these studies, we measured the uptake and distribution of glucose in the skeleton in vivo using positron-emitting 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （[lSF]-FDG） and non-invasive, high-resolution positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PE~/CT） imaging and ex vivo autoradiography. Assessment of [~SF]-FDG uptake demonstrated that relative to other tissues bone accumulated a significant fraction of the total dose of the glucose analog..Skeletal accumulation was greatest in young mice undergoing the rapid bone formation that characterizes early development. PET/CT imaging revealed that [lSF]-FDG uptake was greatest in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of long bones, which accords with the increased osteoblast numbers and activity at this skeletal site. Insulin administration significantly increased skeletal accumulation of [lSF]-FDG, while uptake was reduced in mice lacking the insulin receptor specifically in osteoblasts or fed a high-fat diet. Our results indicated that the skeleton is a site of significant glucose uptake and that its consumption by bone cells is subject to regulation by insulin and disturbances in whole-body metabolism.

关键词： bone FDG

Comparison of the diagnostic yield and outcomes between standard 8 h capsule endoscopy and the new 12 h capsule endoscopy for investigating small bowel pathology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第18期21卷 5542-5547页

作者： Merajur Rahman Stuart Akerman Bethany De Vito Larry Miller meredith Akerman Keith Sultan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center NSLIJ Western Suffolk Gastroenterology Feinstein Institute for Medical Research

AIM: To evaluate the completion rate and diagnostic yield of the Pill Cam SB2-ex in comparison to the Pill Cam ***:Two hundred cases using the 8-h Pill Cam SB2 were retrospectively compared to 200 cases using the 12 h Pill Cam SB2-ex at a tertiary academic *** placed capsules were excluded from the *** information,indications for capsule endoscopy,capsule type,study length,completion of exam,clinically significant findings,timestamp of most distant finding,and significant findings beyond 8 h were ***:The 8 and 12 h capsule groups were well matched respectively for both age(70.90±14.19vs 71.93±13.80,P=0.46)and gender(45.5%vs48%male,P=0.69).The most common indications for the procedure in both groups were anemia and obscure gastrointestinal *** Cam SB2-ex had a significantly higher completion rate than Pill Cam SB2(88%vs 79.5%,P=0.03).Overall,the diagnostic yield was greater for the 8 h capsule(48.5%for SB2vs 35%for SB2-ex,P=0.01).In 4/70(5.7%)of abnormal SB2-ex exams the clinically significant findingwas noted in the small bowel beyond the 8 h ***:In our study,we found the Pill Cam SB2-ex to have a significantly increased completion rate,though without any improvement in diagnostic yield compared to the Pill Cam SB2.

关键词： Pill Cam SB2 Capsule endoscopy Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding