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第19届国际灌排大会

作者： Louis C.P.M.Stuyt Eline E.van der Hoek Johan E.A.Reinders Ellen G.M.Hermans menzo de muinck keizer Centre for Water and Climate （CWK） Alterra Wageningen URP.O.Box 47NL-6700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands.

＜正＞Model studies into the consequences of flooding events are usually focused on damage to buildings, infrastructure, economic losses and casualties thus ignoring the risk of environmental damage. In this project, a model study was made to assess the environmental consequences of the release of pollutants during the flooding of a polder district in the Netherlands following a river dike breach. A conceptual framework was established for the sequence of events or ’chain reaction’ during a flood. A dike breach is formed, the scour of the flood waters and/or high water levels may damage or destroy objects like homes, industrial complexes and farms;damaged objects release hazardous substances that will be dispersed in the flood waters including suspended matter and the released chemicals will affect people and ecosystems in the inundated area. The analyses were made in the 50,000 ha case study area ’Krimpen’, located in the western Netherlands near the cities of Rotterdam, delft and The Hague. The simulated period of flooding was ten days. The failure of objects where hazardous chemicals are stocked was linked to water height and velocity. The release and migration of pollutants like volatile aromatics, germs, sum PAH, PCB, LNAPL, DNAPL, heavy metals, nutrients and pesticides was simulated with an innovative, integrated modelling tool. The assessed impact of the pollutants on the environment was found to be substantial. Small yet numerous sources like cars may release substantial amounts of toxic chemicals to the flood waters and suspended sediments during and after the flood, while large installations like chemical plants only give problems near the dike breach where high flow velocities prevail. The simulated concentrations of toxic substances frequently exceeded the legal threshold levels.

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定时定量的甲状腺激素替代治疗对先天性甲状腺功能减退儿童智力、精神运动和行为发育的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 25-25页

作者： Bongers-Schokking J.J. de muinck keizer-Schrama S.M.P.F. 王经纬 department of Endocrinology Sophia Children's Hospital Erasmus Medical Center P.O. Box 2060 3000 CB Rotterdam Netherlands

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of initial and postinitial treatment factors on cognitive, psychomotor, and psychological outcome in schoolchildren with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Study design: We studied 45 patients (19 with severe CH and 26 with mild CH) and 37 control children by correlating initial and postinitial treatment factors (free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH concentrations, and the percentage of overtre-atment and undertreatment periods) with the results of neuropsychological tests and behavior (as reported on the Teacher Report Form TRF ). Results: The global IQ of the children with CH was comparable to that of the controls; visuomotor and verbal scores were lower, and total TRF scores were higher. Ethnic group, previous development, and overtreatment predicted IQ and verbal scores, with higher scores seen for the overtreated patients than for the control children and those patients who had not been overtreated. As initial treatment was less satisfactory, total TRF scores were higher. Conclusions: Our study suggests that initial and postinitial suboptimal treatment of CH leads to abnormalities in IQ and specific fields. Overtreatment may advance cognitive development in 5-12-to 7-year-olds. Suboptimal initial treatment may lead to behavioral problems. We recommend that TSH concentrations be maintained within the normal range in patients with CH.

关键词：甲状腺激素替代治疗先天性甲状腺功能减退儿童智力精神运动定时定量行为发育口头表达能力甲状腺刺激素游离甲状腺素行为学测试

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