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Perception and attitude of pastoralists on livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park, Ethiopia: implication for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 129-141页

作者： Yihew Biru Zewdu K.Tessema mengistu Urge Department of Biology School of Natural and Computational SciencesDire Dawa UniversityPO Box 1632Dire DawaEthiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia.

Introduction:Pastoral livestock share grazing areas and watering points with wildlife around the protected areas in Eastern *** causes a high degree of livestock-wildlife interactions,leading to conflicts between the local community and park ***,understanding the perception and attitude of local people towards livestockwildlife interaction is very crucial to optimize both livestock production and biodiversity conservation in protected *** paper presents the perception and attitude of local community towards livestock-wildlife interactions around Awash National Park(ANP),***:Interview to 180 randomly selected households,representing Afar,Ittu,and Kereyu ethnic groups living around ANP,was conducted from August to December 2015 using a semi-structured *** on community attitude towards wildlife,livestock production systems,and its constraints were collected through focus group-and key informant *** used ordinal logistic regression model to analyze community attitude towards wildlife ***:Respondents ranked feed shortage(0.38),lack of water(0.32),and climate change(0.30)as the major constraints of livestock production around ANP.A high degree of conflict(79%;χ^(2)=24.09;df=2;P=0.000)between the local community and park was *** 73%of the households would be ready to live in harmony with the ***,85%of park staff considered the community as a threat,due to high livestock grazing pressure and illegal park resource ***,community attitude towards wildlife significantly varied(χ^(2)=46.28;df=4;P=0.00)particularly due to educational level(χ^(2)=15.96;df=6;P=0.014),income source(χ^(2)=16.77;df=2;P=0.00),and distance of household from ANP(χ^(2)=20.51;df=4;P=0.00).The logistic regression model revealed that ethnic group,education,benefit obtained,and conflict with the park were significantly associated with attitude towards wildlife(χ^(2)15=76.62;df=16;P=0.000).Conclusions:Maj

关键词： Biodiversity conservation Conflict Livestock production Pastoral community Protected areas

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Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from selected local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 166-172页

作者： Fitsum Bekele Tamirat tefera Gelila Biresaw Tsegaye Yohannes Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences and MedicineWolaita Sodo UniversityP.O.Box 138Wolaita SodoEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology College of Public Health and Medical SciencesJimma UniversityP.O.Box 378JimmaEthiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:One way that people get infected with intestinal parasites is through the consumption of contaminated vegetables and *** study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables collected from four local markets in Arba Minch town,Southern ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 21 September 2014 to determine the level of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables sold in Arba Minch town.A total of 360 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were soaked in physiological saline,followed by vigorous shaking with the aid of a mechanical shaker for 15 minutes and then examined using the sedimentation concentration ***:Out of the 360 samples examined,196(54.4%)were contaminated with at least one type of *** lumbricoides(20.83%)was the most frequently detected parasite and Isospora belli(3.06%)was the least frequently detected *** was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling(P<0.001).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide evidence that there is a potentially high risk of acquiring parasitic infections from the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits in Arba Minch,*** authors believe that an effort should be made by the relevant bodies to reduce the rate of contamination of products with medically important parasites by educating the vendors and the community.

关键词： Vegetable and fruits contamination Intestinal parasite Health education Arba Minch Ethiopia

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Perception and attitude of pastoralists on the use and conservation of rangeland resources in Afar Region,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 228-237页

作者： Minyahel Tilahun Ayana Angassa Aster Abebe Alemayehu mengistu College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Wolkite UniversityGubreiEthiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia Forage and Rangeland Scientist Urael BranchP.O.Box 62291Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Animal Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesGaboroneBotswana

Introduction:Community perception plays a significant role in rangeland resource *** rangeland management practices by the pastoral communities are based on accumulated knowledge in connection to their local *** played a vital role in food production and sustaining its inhabitants in arid environment for ***,national policies and development interventions in East African pastoral systems have often overlooked pastoralism while centered on the modernization of agricultural sector for economic development and poverty ***:We used household survey,focus group discussion,key informant interview,and individual questionnaire to understand the perceptions and attitude of Afar pastoralists towards rangeland resource use and conservation practices,as well as impacts of development intervention on traditional rangeland resource use and conservation *** data were analyzed using index ranking and descriptive ***:The results showed that livestock holding per household was higher on average(22.90±2.27 Tropical Livestock Unit(TLU))in the non-intervened woreda than in the intervened woreda(8.30±3.85 TLU).Respondents mentioned that livestock productivity was adversely affected by a number of factors such as invasion of Prosopis juliflora(Dergi Hara),shrinkage in the capacity of rangelands(Beadu and Bebea’),and recurrent *** of grazing resources attributed to the invasion of Dergi Hara and drought created livestock feed crisis with strong implication on the livelihood of *** results showed that the traditional resource management practices such as mobility,herd splitting,and diversification had a role to contribute to the improvement of rangeland management and conservation of *** rules and seasonal-based grazing patterns of riversides during drought were perceived as key elements for rangeland resource management and conservation of rangeland res

关键词： Perception and attitude Pastoralists Rangeland resources Use and conservation Development intervention

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Cross-Border Migration and Human Trafficking in Ethiopia:Contributing Factors,Policy Responses and the Way Forward

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第1期12卷 93-116页

作者： Messay M.tefera College of Development Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Visiting Research Scholar Fudan Development InstituteShanghaiChina

The overriding objective of this research was to assess the status,major origins and contributing factors of cross-border migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia with the intention of identifying key policy lessons to address the *** meet the intended objectives,desk review and key informant interview data gathering techniques were *** results of the assessment disclosed that Ethiopia is one of the largest origins(transit and destination as well)of the trafficked persons from *** most common drivers are found to be an amalgam of socioeconomic,political and environmental *** was also found that the journey is often dangerous leading to physical assault,sexual abuse,abduction,robbery,drug/alcohol trafficking and even *** most destination areas,illegal migrants face restricted mobility,exploitative working conditions and harassment of different *** ultimate mechanism to address the problem was found to be adequate job creation and poverty reduction through intensified development efforts involving governmental and non-governmental organizations and the private ***,enhanced democratization of the government system,political tolerance,good governance,improved access to legal travel authorization(visa)for safe migration,awareness creation campaigns,improved monitoring of the private employment agencies and increased cooperation among stakeholders were found to be vital solutions to minimize and halt illicit cross-border human trafficking from Ethiopia.

关键词： Human trafficking Cross-border migration Policy response Ethiopia

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Fine-mapping and characterisation of genes on barley(Hordeum vulgare)chromosome 2H for salinity stress tolerance during germination

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The Crop Journal 2022年第3期10卷 754-766页

作者： Edward Mwando Yong Han tefera Angessa Xiao-Qi Zhang Chengdao Li Western Crop Genetics Alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development 3 Baron-Hay CourtSouth PerthWA 6151Australia

Salinity causes a detrimental impact on plant growth,particularly when the stress occurs during germination and early development *** is one of the most salt-tolerant crops;previously we mapped two quantitative trait loci(QTL)for salinity tolerance during germination on the short arm of chromosome 2 H using a CM72/Gairdner doubled haploid(DH)***,we narrowed down the major QTL to a region of 0.341 or 0.439 Mb containing 9 or 24 candidate genes belonging to 6 or 20 functional gene families according to barley reference genomes v1 and v3 respectively,using two DH populations of CM72/Gairdner and Skiff/CM72,F_(2)and F;generations of CM72/Gairdner/;Spartacus CL,Two Receptorlike kinase 4(RLPK4)v1 or Receptor-like kinase(RLK)v3 could be the candidates for enhanced germination under salinity stress because of their upregulated expression in salt-tolerant variety ***,several insertion/deletion polymorphisms were identified within the 3 rd exon of the genes between CM72 and *** sequence variations resulted in shifted functional protein domains,which may be associated with differences in salinity *** molecular markers were designed for selecting the locus with receptor-like protein kinase 4,and one was inside HORVU2 Hr1 G111760.1 or ***.r3.2 *** diagnostic markers will allow for pyramiding of 2 H locus in barley varieties and facilitate genetic improvement for saline ***,validation of the genes to elucidate the mechanisms involved in enhancing salinity tolerance at germination and designing RLPK4 specific markers is *** this publication,all the analysis was based on barley reference genome of2017(v1),and it was used throughout for ***,the positions of the markers and genes identified were updated according to new genome(v3)for reference.

关键词： Barley Germination Salinity tolerance Diagnostic markers Receptor-like protein kinase 4 Gene expression Sequence analysis

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Tree species diversity predicts aboveground carbon storage through functional diversity and functional dominance in the dry evergreen Afromontane forest of Hararghe highland, Southeast Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 619-633页

作者： mengistu Teshome Wondimu Zebene Asfaw Nigussie Muktar Mohammed Yusuf Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia. College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Oda Bultum UniversityChiroEthiopia.

Background:Regarding the most important ecological challenges,scientists are increasingly debating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem *** this,several experimental and theoretical researches have shown inconsistencies in biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships,supporting either the niche complementarity or selection effect *** relationship between species diversity,functional diversity,and aboveground biomass carbon was investigated in this study employing standing aboveground carbon(AGC)stock as a proxy measure for ecosystem *** hypothesized that(i)effects of diversity on AGC can be transmitted through functional diversity and functional dominance;(ii)effects of diversity on AGC would be greater for functional dominance than functional diversity;and(iii)effects of functional diversity and functional dominance on carbon stock varied with metrics and functional ***-weighted means(CWM)of functional traits(wood density,specific leaf area,and maximum plant height)were calculated to assess functional dominance(selection effects).As for functional diversity(complementarity effects),multi-trait functional diversity(selection effects)indices were *** tested the first hypothesis using structural equation *** the second hypothesis,the effects of environmental variables such as slope,aspect,and elevation were tested first,and separate linear mixed-effects models were fitted afterward for functional diversity,functional dominance,and the two ***:Results revealed that slope had a significant effect on aboveground carbon *** diversity and functional dominance were significant predictors of the aboveground carbon storage(22.4%)in the dry evergreen Afromontane *** effects of species richness on aboveground carbon storage were mediated by functional diversity and functional dominance of *** shows that both the selection effects and the niche complement

关键词： Community-weighted mean Mixed-effect model Niche complementarity Selection effect Structural equation modeling

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Production Line Analysis of Ethiopian Food Industries Through VSM (Case of Booze Food Complex)

Production Line Analysis of Ethiopian Food Industries Throug...

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作者： Abi tefera Tola 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

食品工业是埃塞俄比亚的主要问题,往往达不到预期目标,需要更多的工作才能更好地利用。以埃塞俄比亚食品工业为例,改善目前的状况至关重要,因为该国需要更多的食品来减少贫困。选取Booez食品公司(BFC)进行研究与分析是非常必要的,因为... 详细信息

食品工业是埃塞俄比亚的主要问题,往往达不到预期目标,需要更多的工作才能更好地利用。以埃塞俄比亚食品工业为例,改善目前的状况至关重要,因为该国需要更多的食品来减少贫困。选取Booez食品公司(BFC)进行研究与分析是非常必要的,因为开展价值评估是支持发展的基础。本研究的最终目标是找出BFC所面临的问题,即由于安装时间或转换时间过长而增加的生产成本、高在制品库存、由于机器意外停机而造成的返工、产品价格相对较高且具有竞争力、不必要的运动和内部运输。从文献研究来看,许多研究者在食品工业方面做了更多的工作,特别是在提高食品的质量和来源方面。在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多非洲国家,穷人生计的粮食需求和供应之间存在巨大差距。发展中国家正在考虑和努力解决的主要问题是在没有个人满意和质量的情况下提供粮食。由于劳动力的缺乏和材料处理时间原因,如果公司在质量和顾客满意方面达不到预期的目标。在这些非洲国家,生产成本也很高。研究表明,价值流图(VSM)用于确定哪些环节的生产损失最大,因此可以在这些环节中集中精力降低产品损失。原材料成本在BFC公司产品成本中占有重要地位,最大限度地减少生产损失可以提高生产线的生产能力。缩短产品交付时间和减少生产损失将显著提高BFC公司生产线的能力。它将更好地为客户服务,并将降低产品制造成本。VSM在生产线上的应用可以一步一步地持续进行,通过绘制和比较当前状态图和未来状态图来进行持续改进。未来状态图将成为下一步做持续改进的基础。生产时间缩短或产品交付时间缩短与员工满意度同时存在,这对所有制造企业都很重要。从理论上讲,当员工满意时,可以把工作完成得更好,也就量提高了生产效率。生产时间很重要,因为生产时间直接与利润相关,减少产品的生产时间意味着生产更多的产品、产生更多的利润。本研究目的是通过开发生产流程的当前状态价值流图和未来状态价值流图来减少非增值活动,从而降低生产成本。在这项研究中,我们使用了主要和次要的数据收集方法,包括来自不同部门的人员的讨论、访谈、结构化问卷调查、文献回顾,并可以对当前生产过程的进一步细节进行分析和讨论。从中我们得到了比预期更多的建设性意见。利用帕累托图对生产瓶颈的浪费进行排序,从帕累托图可以看出,内部运输和转换时间是增加生产时间和增加最终产品成本的瓶颈。本研究还计算了价值流指标,如周期时间、流程时间、交付时间和所需时间,以比较当前的价值流图和未来的价值流图。本研究重点是确定和减交付时间和增值时间,以提高的生产量。基于未来的VSM,最终结果表明,通过实施精益制造工具的价值流图和模具在生产线上的单分钟更换,取得了良好的效果。为了确定生产线是否需要改进,计算了整体设备效率和节拍时间,分别为78.55%和25.26分钟。节拍时间25.25分钟小于周期时间263.25分钟,表明公司正在生产。切换时间由原来的26分钟缩短到6分钟,并通过引入机器意外停机的缓冲存储等因素,使生产流程布局发生了细微变化。通过将仿真与价值流图相结合,验证了未来状态价值流图分析的可行性,因为仿真可以增加价值流图的能力和灵活性,从而改变生产系统的状态。

关键词： VSM 生产流程埃塞俄比亚食品工业 BFC案例研究竞技场模拟

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Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa,eastern Ethiopia:a cluster randomized controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 138-139页

作者： Ephrem tefera Solomon Sirak Robele Helmut Kloos Bezatu Mengistie Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHararEthiopia 不详

Background:Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity *** water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne ***,the effect of point-ofuse(POU)water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern ***:A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January *** 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline *** trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 *** households received 1.2%sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper *** in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water *** estimation equations(GEE)with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio(IRR),adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95%confidence ***:In the intervention households,in total,281 cases of diarrhea were documented(8.7 cases per 100 personweeks observation);in the control households,in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented(13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation).A 36.0%(adjusted IRR=0.64,95%CI:0.57–0.73)reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control *** highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years

关键词： Diarrhea Effect Water treatment with chlorine Under-five children WaterGuard Cluster randomized controlled trial Ethiopia

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Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 48-58页

作者： Tafesse Hawera Belay tefera Omprakash Sahu Department of Chemical Engineering KiOT Wollo UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical and Food Engineering BiTBahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Chemical Engineering UIEChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia,which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's develop*** its significant contribution to economic developments;many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental *** on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera *** main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district,Oromia regional state,Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower pro*** this study,primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool *** were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its *** on data collected GHG(CO2,N2O,CH4&NH3)emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes(IPCC 2006)for inventory data and eutrophication&acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory ***,the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment,and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals(Impulse&Meltatix)banned by WHO identified in the *** it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms;all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.

关键词： Resources used ISO 14031 and LCA Operational performances EPE Emission

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Assessment of ERA5 and ERA-Interim in Reproducing Mean and Extreme Climates over West Africa

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 570-586页

作者： Imoleayo Ezekiel GBODE Toju Esther BABALOLA Gulilat tefera DIRO Joseph Daniel INTSIFUL Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Federal University of Technology AkureP.M.B.704 Ilesa-Owo ExpresswayAkureOndo State 340420Nigeria Department of Water Resources Management and Agro-Meteorology Federal University Oye-Ekiti371104Nigeria Canadian Network for Regional Climate and Weather Processes University of Quebec at Montreal201 President-Kennedy AvenueMontrealQC H2X 3Y7Canada Division of Mitigation and Adaptation Green Climate FundIncheon 22004South Korea

In situ data in West Africa are scarce,and reanalysis datasets could be an alternative source to alleviate the problem of data ***,because of uncertainties in numerical prediction models and assimilation methods,among other things,existing reanalysis datasets can perform with various degrees of quality and ***,a proper assessment of their shortcomings and strengths should be performed prior to their *** this study,we examine the performance of ERA5 and ERA-interim(ERAI)products in representing the mean and extreme climates over West Africa for the period 1981-2018 using observations from CRU and *** major conclusion is that ERA5 showed a considerable decrease in precipitation and temperature biases and an improved representation of inter-annual variability in much of western ***,the annual cycle is better captured by ERA5 in three of the region’s climatic zones;specifically,precipitation is well-reproduced in the Savannah and Guinea Coast,and temperature in the *** terms of extremes,the ERA5 performance is ***,both reanalyses underestimate the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitations and overestimate the number of wet days,as the numerical models used in reanalyses tend to produce drizzle more *** ERA5 performs better than ERAI,both datasets are less successful in capturing the observed long-term *** ERA5 has achieved considerable progress compared to its predecessor,improved datasets with better resolution and accuracy continue to be needed in sectors like agriculture and water resources to enable climate impact assessment.

关键词： West Africa ERAI ERA5 reanalysis precipitation temperature extremes

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