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Clinical features of gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis:Insights from patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy in resource-limited Ethiopia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第34期30卷 3883-3893页

作者： Firehiwot A mengistie Abate B Shewaye Abel T Tasamma Zekarias S Ayalew Department of Internal Medicine Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Internal Medicine Rheum Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Specialty ClinicAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAdera Medical and Surgical CenterAddis Ababa 1000Addis AbabaEthiopia

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a common disease worldwide with varying clinical presentations and risk *** data for Africa is lacking,but an increasing trend is expected due to demographic and epidemiological *** endoscopic studies for general gastrointestinal disorders have shown some patients with erosive esophagitis(EE),no studies in Ethiopia have investigated the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and severity of GERD using esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD).AIM To assess the clinical features of GERD in Ethiopian patients who underwent EGD and determine the severity and risk factors of *** We conducted a multicenter,retrospective cross-sectional study of 221 patients diagnosed with GERD and endoscopic findings of EE at Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage and Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell between January 2019 and August *** were collected from electronic medical records and phone call *** used descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS version 26 to identify the association between variables with a statistical significance set at P value<*** The mean±SD age of the patients was 44.8(±15.9)years,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:*** most commonly reported symptom was epigastric pain(80.5%),followed by heartburn(43%).Los Angeles(LA)-A EE was diagnosed in 71.1%of patients,followed by LA-B(14.9%),LA-C(7.7%),and LA-D(5.9%).Multivariate analysis showed that age 50 or above,presence of bleeding,and endoscopic findings of duodenitis/duodenopathy were significantly associated with severe EE(P<0.05).Stricture and Barrett’s esophagus were observed in 4.5%and 1.36%of patients with EE,*** Most of the patients had milder EE with fewer ***,severe EE was more prevalent in older patients and those with duodenitis/duodenopathy.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Erosive esophagitis Hiatal hernia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Heart burn

Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa,eastern Ethiopia:a cluster randomized controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 138-139页

作者： Ephrem Tefera Solomon Sirak Robele Helmut Kloos Bezatu mengistie Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHararEthiopia 不详

Background:Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity *** water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne ***,the effect of point-ofuse(POU)water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern ***:A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January *** 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline *** trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 *** households received 1.2%sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper *** in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water *** estimation equations(GEE)with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio(IRR),adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95%confidence ***:In the intervention households,in total,281 cases of diarrhea were documented(8.7 cases per 100 personweeks observation);in the control households,in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented(13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation).A 36.0%(adjusted IRR=0.64,95%CI:0.57–0.73)reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control *** highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years

关键词： Diarrhea Effect Water treatment with chlorine Under-five children WaterGuard Cluster randomized controlled trial Ethiopia

Factors associated with diabetic retinopathy screening and regular eye checkup practice among diabetic patients attending Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第11期15卷 1829-1836页

作者： Sofonias Addis Fekadu Mohamed Abdu Seid Yonas Akalu Yibeltal Yismaw Gela mengistie Diress Mihret Getnet Baye Dagnew Yitayeh Belsti Department of Optometry College of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondar P.O.BOX 196Ethiopia Unit of Human Physiology Department of Biomedical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDebre Tabor UniversityDebre Tabor P.O.BOX 272Ethiopia Department of Human Physiology School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondar P.O.BOX 196Ethiopia

AIM: To identify associated factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR) screening and ey e check-up practice among diabetes mellitus(DM) patients attending Felege Hiwot Specialized ***: An institution-based cross-sectional study was applied from October 4, 2019 to January 12, 2020 at Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants and an interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and transposed to SPSS version 24 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were executed and associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression. The strength of association between the independent and the outcome variable was determined using an adjusted odds ratio(AOR) with 95% confidence interval(CI). RESULTS: Four hundred and six participants partake with a response rate of 95.7% and a mean age of 47±11.5y. The magnitude of DR screening was 308(75.9%, 95%CI: 71.5%, 79.8%). Higher educational level(AOR=3.25;95%CI: 1.40, 8.78), good knowledge of DR(AOR=2.50;95%CI: 1.55, 4.46), and family history of DM(AOR=2.15;95%CI: 1.41,3.85) were significantly associated with DR screening. On the other side, rural residence [AOR=3.11(1.89, 5.02)] and undesirable attitudes toward DR [AOR=5.65(3.14, 8.76)] were significantly associated with poor regular eye checkup ***: Most of the participants are screened for DR. Higher education, family history, and good knowledge are associated with DR screening. In addition, rural residence and undesirable attitudes toward DR are associated with regular eye checkup practice.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy eye checkup eye screening diabetes mellitus Ethiopia

Prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第7期3卷 446-453页

作者： Bezatu mengistie Yemane Berhane Alemayehu Worku Addis Continental Institute of Public Health Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Public Health Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia College of Health Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Continental Institute of Public Health Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Diarrhea remains a major cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in Sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Risk factors for diarrhea vary by context and have important implications for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of the disease. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children un-der 5 years of age in Kersa district, located in Eastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1456 randomly selected households with at least one child under 5 years of age. A questionnaire and an observational check list were used for col-lecting information on socio-economic charac-teristics, environmental hygiene and behavioral practices, and occurrence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age. Logistic regres-sion was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio of 95% confidence interval. The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age was 22.5% (95% CI: 20.3-24.6). Improper refuse disposal practices (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.20-4.03), lack of hand washing facilities (OR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.29-2.86), living in rural area (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.12-3.31), the presence of two or more siblings in a household (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.33-2.28), and age of the child (OR= 2.25, 95% CI;1.5-3.36) were the major risk factors for diarrhea. This study demonstrated that diarrhea morbidity was relatively high among children under 5 years of age residing in Eastern Ethiopia. Efforts to reduce childhood diarrhea should focus on improving household sanitation, personal hygiene, and child birth spacing.

关键词： Diarrhea Risk Factor Children under 5 Years Ethiopia Cross-Sectional Study Hygiene

Prelacteal Feeding Practice and Associated Factors among Mothers Attending Immunization Clinic in Harari Region Public Health Facilities, Eastern Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第7期4卷 529-534页

作者： Yoseph Bekele Bezatu mengistie Frehiwote Mesfine Environmental Health Department College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Public Health Department College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya UniversityHararEthiopia

Background: Breast feeding will have the intended outcome when it is initiated timely and exclusive for the first six months. Introducing prelacteal feeding and inadequate amount of breast milk contributes to over a million avoidable infant deaths each year in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to assess prelacteal feeding practice and associated factors among mothers attending immunization clinic in Harari region government health institutions. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 634 mothers and infants dyads attending ten public health facilities. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the study participants. An exit interview using pretested structured questionnaire was conducted about their experience on prelacteal feeding and related experience. Logistic regressions with OR and 95% confidence interval were computed. Result: Two hundred seventy eight (45.4%) of mothers gave prelacteal liquids for their infants. The common pre-lacteal food includes sugar or glucose water 121 (43.5%) followed by milk other than breast milk 70 (25.1%). Home delivery, failure to attend ANC, late breastfeeding initiation and influence by friends were significantly associated with prelacteal feeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was relatively high in the area. Failure to attend ANC, giving birth at home, late initiation of breast feeding and influence of friends and relatives to give prelacteal feeds for their new born infants were found to be positively associated with prelacteal feeding.

关键词： Prelacteal Feeding Infant Exclusive Breastfeeding Mothers

Efficiency of locally available filter media on fluoride and phosphate removal for household water treatment system

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2014年第2期12卷 110-115页

作者： Mekonnen Birhane Alebel Abebe Esayas Alemayehu Embialle mengistie School of Environmental Health Science and Technology Jimma University

Since conventional water treatment is not affordable in developing countries,looking for locally available and alternative treatment options is *** of fluoride and phosphate can be achieved by designing appropriate filtration media from different materials such as sand,calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone *** study was designed to determine the removal efficiency of these locally available filter media with respect to detention time and *** filtration apparatuses(tank) were filled separately with stone,gravel with grain size 0.6-4.75 mm and 40 cm deep,sand(ES = 0.15—0.35 mm and UC = 1.5-3),calcined clay,pumice,scoria and bone char with grain size 0.25-0.5 *** samples were prepared using glass bottles with fluoride concentrations of 6 and 8 mg/1 and phosphate concentration of 4 mg/*** analysis was carried out before and after filtration to determine the removal efficiency of each *** was found that the highest removal of fluoride was achieved by bone char(89.65%),followed by pumice(82.4%).However,bone char has rather increased the concentration of phosphate by 63.8%.Sand was the most efficient media to remove phosphate,managing to remove by 70%.Therefore,it is an attractive option to use these locally available,environmental friendly and appropriate technologies for efficient removal of both fluorine and phosphate at the household or community water treatment level.

关键词： conventional water treatment methods chemical impurities filter medium detention time reduction potential fluoridated water

Surgical Site Infection Prevention Practices and Associated Factors among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Harari Regional State and Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia

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TMR Integrative Nursing 2019年第6期3卷 214-225,I0002,I0003页

作者： Getaneh Desalew Biftu Geda Bezatu mengistie Asmamaw Demis Solomon Demis Hiwot Fana Specialized and Teaching Hospital Harari Regional StateHararEthiopia Haramaya University College of Medical and Health SciencesHararEthiopia Woldia University Fuculty of Health SciencesDepartment of NursingWoldiaEthiopia Debre Tabor University College Of Health SciencesDepartment of NursingDebre Tabor Ethiopia

Background:Surgical site infections are the most frequent type of preventable hospital acquired infections with a serious and undesirable outcome of surgery associated with increase morbidity,mortality rate,hospital stay,readmission and excess *** site infection prevention is one of the most important challenge in delivering optimal nursing *** suggest that the nurses’practices of surgical site infection prevention is not well ***,there is clearly paucity of information,in Africa including the study ***:The aim of this study was to assess surgical site infection prevention practices and associated factors among nurses working in government hospitals of Harari Regional State and Dire Dawa City Administration,Eastern Ethiopia from March 01 to 28,*** and Materials:An institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed for a total of 515 *** random sampling method was used to select study *** were collected using pretested structured self-administered questionnaire supplemented by *** were checked,coded,entered and cleaned using Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for *** and multivariate analysis were undertaken and P values less than 0.05 at 95%confidence interval were considered as statistically ***:The overall self-reported level of SSI prevention practice was found to be 40.8%(95%CI:36.9%,45.4%).Nurses with BSc and above[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=2.52,95%CI(1.14,5.54)],trained on infection prevention[AOR=2.22,95%CI(1.29,3.82)],good knowledge[AOR=2.21,95%CI(1.32,3.71)],good attitude[AOR=5.11,95%CI(3.05,8.57)],got supply of personal protective equipment[AOR=2.57,95%CI(1.46,4.49)],had management support[AOR=3.41,95%CI(1.90,6.12)],experience of 5 to 10 years[AOR=5.38,95%CI(2.82,10.27)]and≥11 years[AOR=3.48,95%CI(1.47,8.25)],were found to be statistically and positively associated with nurses SSI prevention ***

关键词： Surgical site infection Nursing practice Infection prevention Government hospitals