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中美知识产权贸易影响因素测度

科技管理研究 2024年第12期44卷 143-151页

作者：李孟刚彭琰北京交通大学国家经济安全研究院北京100044

在全球经济转型中,象征着高新技术的知识产权贸易在全球贸易中占据越来越重要的地位。基于中美技术创新导致的知识产权贸易的优势差异,根据波特钻石模型,收集2010—2020年中美两国知识产权使用费和其他10个东道国(发达国家和发展中国家... 详细信息

在全球经济转型中,象征着高新技术的知识产权贸易在全球贸易中占据越来越重要的地位。基于中美技术创新导致的知识产权贸易的优势差异,根据波特钻石模型,收集2010—2020年中美两国知识产权使用费和其他10个东道国(发达国家和发展中国家各5个)的有关面板数据,并引入东道国全球竞争力指数(GCI),运用实证模型进行多重共线性分析、基准回归、中介效应检验和异质性检验等,探究中美知识产权贸易的影响因素及其作用机制。结果发现:(1)考察期间知识产权使用费的收入均值中国远小于美国,同时收入差距中国远大于美国。(2)美国知识产权贸易仅受东道国的关税税率、平均受教育年限和劳工自由度3个因素影响,而中国知识产权贸易受制约因素更多(共7个),其中受东道国关税税率和劳工自由度的负向影响较大,在知识产权贸易方面的实力和比较优势与美国相比存在一定差距。(3)中介效应中国显著高于美国,其中东道国的关税税率和劳工自由度对美国知识产权出口贸易存在明显的部分中介效应,对中国而言则前者存在完全中介效应、后者为部分中介效应,同时东道国居民消费率为部分中介;此外,东道国GCI对中国的负向影响显著大于美国。(4)美国对发达国家和发展中国家的知识产权贸易均具有明显的优势和实力,而目前中国知识产权贸易的主要优势国为发展中国家。(5)美国签订自由贸易协定利于其削弱关税壁垒和人才流动的影响,于中国而言则可减轻受关税、人力资本和企业承载力的影响。基于此,提出中国进一步增强资源承载能力和知识产权贸易竞争力、提升知识产权质量和不断完善知识产权制度等对策建议。

关键词：知识产权贸易创新研发知识产权使用费关税税率劳工自由度全球竞争力指数(GCI) 全球贸易中国美国

A general strategy for bimetallic Pt-based nano-branched structures as highly active and stable oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation bifunctional catalysts

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Nano Research 2020年第3期13卷 638-645页

作者： Wenjuan Lei menggang li lin He Xun Meng Zijie Mu Yongsheng Yu Frances MRoss Weiwei Yang Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education Jilin Normal UniversityChangchun 130103China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and StorageSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry&Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province College cf Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute cf TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

The morphology and size of Pt-based bimetallic alloys are known to determine their electrocatalytic performance in reactions relevant to fuel ***,we report a general approach for preparing Pt-M(M=Fe,Co and Ni)bimetallic nano-branched structure(NBs)by a simple high temperature solution-phase ***-prepared Pt-M NBs show a polycrystalline structure and are rich in steps and kinks on the surface,which promote them favorable bifunctional catalytic properties in acidic electrolytes,specifically in terms of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).Specially,Pt-Co NBs/C catalyst shows 6.1 and 5.3 times higher in specific activity(SA)and mass activity(MA)for ORR than state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalysts,***,it exhibits a loss of 4.0%in SA and 14.4%in MA after 10,000 cycles of accelerated durability tests(ADTs)compared with the initial *** addition,we also confirmed the superior MOR activity of Pt-Co NBs/C catalyst in acidic *** Pt-M NBs with other alloying metals,the ORR and MOR activities are both higher than commercial catalysts and are in the sequence of Pt-Co/C>Pt-Fe/C>Pt-Ni/C>commercial Pt/C(or PtRu/C).The improved activities and durability can benefit from the morphological and compositional *** synthesis approach may be applied to develop bifunctional catalysts with enhanced ORR and MOR properties for future fuel cells designs.

关键词： Pt-based bimetallic alloy nano-branched structure electrocatalysts,oxygen reduction reaction methanol oxidation reaction

Activating interfacial S sites of MoS_(2) boosts hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 1809-1816页

作者： Shuo Geng Fenyang Tian menggang li Yequn liu Jie Sheng Weiwei Yang Yongsheng Yu Yanglong Hou Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Science Research Center of Basic Space ScienceHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Analytical Instrumentation Center State Key Laboratory of Coal ConversionInstitute of Coal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesTaiyuan 030001China Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices(BKL-MMD) Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology(BIC-ESAT)School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)of molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))is limited in alkaline and acid solution because the active sites are on the finite edge with extended basal plane remaining ***,we activated the interfacial S sites by coupling with Ru nanoparticles on the inert basal plane of MoS_(2)*** density functional theory(DFT)calculation and experimental results show that the interfacial S electronic structure was *** the results of∆G H*demonstrate that the adsorption of H on the MoS_(2)was also *** the advantage of interfacial S sites activation,the Ru-MoS_(2)needs only overpotential of 110 and 98 mV to achieve 10 mA·cm^(–2)in both 0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4)and ^(1) M KOH solution,*** strategy paves a new way for activating the basal plane of other transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts for improving the HER performance.

关键词： electronic structure interfacial S sites d-band center hydrogen evolution reaction

An in-situ NH_(4)^(+)-etched strategy for anchoring atomic Mo site on ZnIn_(2)S_(4) hierarchical nanotubes for superior hydrogen photocatalysis

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第10期64卷 1716-1722页

作者： Yuguang Chao Weiyu Zhang Peng Zhou Hui Chen Shiyu Lu menggang li Qinghua Zhang lin Gu Shaojun Guo School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology(BIC-ESAT) College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Atomic sites co-catalyst (ASC) on photocatalytic materials possesses an attractive prospect to promote charge carrier separation and tune surface reaction kinetics,yet the synthesis of earth-abundant ASC under low temperature remains a great ***,a novel in-situ NH_(4)^(+)-etched strategy to anchor atomic Mo sites on ZnIn_(2)S_(4)hierarchical nanotubes (HNTs) with abundant mesopores under mild conditions for promoting charge carrier separation and enhancing light multi-reflections is developed for efficient photocatalytic H_(2) *** functional theory calculations and linear sweep voltammetry demonstrate that the well-defined Mo-S_(2)O_(1) sites with distinctive coordination configuration and electronic property contribute to the enhanced separation of photo-generated charge carriers and reduced Gibbs free energy for H_(2) ***,the well-defined MoSA-ZIS HNTs present an excellent photocatalytic activity with a rate of 29.9μmol h^(-1)(5.98 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)),which is 7.3 times higher than that of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)nanosheets (NSs),to be among the best ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based *** present strategy breaks the high-temperature limitation of conventional top-down thermal dissociation/emitting approach for anchoring non-noble metal atomic sites on catalyst support.

关键词： in-situ NH_(4)^(+)-etched hierarchical nanotubes Mo single atoms photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

Overheated Investment in China： The Alarm Bell Is Still Ringing

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Chinese Business Review 2005年第5期4卷 21-24,33页

作者： menggang li Beifing Jiaotong University

The growth of fixed assets investment in China soared to a high record in the first quarter of 2004 after gross domestic product （GDP） bounced substantially in 2003. A bubble is emerging posing threats to Chinese economic development. In order to cool down the overheated investment, Chinese government should promptly take effective measures in macroeconomic control to limit or guide the red-hot investment in some sectors and slow down its growth, thus implements the changes from administrative-driven investment to enterprise-driven investment and from investment-driven economic growth to consumption-driven growth.

关键词： overheated investment energy materials economic security macro-economic curbing economic growth

Weakness in Economic Development of China

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Chinese Business Review 2005年第5期4卷 69-73页

作者： Zhimin Jiang menggang li Beijing Jiaotong University

China has made the miracle of rapid development in GDP in recent 20 years. However, the economic development is at the cost of environment and resources, which will decrease the speed of economic development in return. China should gradually change the guideline from simply pursuing GDP growth to harmonious development, and establish a new set of performance-evaluating system, the resource-saving responsibility system as soon as possible.

关键词： recourses environment performance-evaluating system resource-saving responsibility system

Hierarchical mesoporous Co_3O_4@ZnCo_2O_4 hybrid nanowire arrays supported on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

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Science China Materials 2018年第9期61卷 1167-1176页

作者： menggang li Weiwei Yang Yarong Huang Yongsheng Yu MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper, hierarchical mesoporous Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid nanowire arrays（NWAs） on Ni foam were prepared through a two-step hydrothermal process associated with successive annealing treatment. The Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid NWAs exhibited excellent electrochemical performances with a high specific capacity of 1,240.5 C g^-1 at a current density of 2 mA cm^-2, with rate capability of 59.0%shifting from 2 to 30 mA cm^-2, and only a 9.1% loss of its capacity even after 3,000 cycles at a consistent current density of 10 mA cm^-2. An asymmetric supercapacitor（Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 NWAs｜｜activated carbon） was fabricated and exhibited a high specific capacity of 168 C g^-1 at a current density of 1 A g^-1. And a preferable energy density of 37.3 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 800 W kg^-1 was obtained. The excellent electrochemical performances indicate the promising potential application of the hierarchical mesoporous Co3O4@ZnCo2O4 hybrid NWAs in energy storage field.

关键词： Co3O4@ZNCo2O4 nanowire arrays specific capacity asymmetric supercapacitor

3D ordered mesoporous cobalt ferrite phosphides for overall water splitting

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Science China Materials 2020年第2期63卷 240-248页

作者： Yarong Huang menggang li Weiwei Yang Yongsheng Yu Sue Hao MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Developing low-cost and earth-abundant electrocatalysts with high performance for electrochemical water splitting is a challenging issue. Herein, we report a facile and effective way to fabricate three-dimension(3D) ordered mesoporous Co1-xFexP(x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) *** from 3D ordered mesoporous pore channels and composition optimization, the Co0.75Fe0.25 P exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activities with low overpotentials of 270 and 209 mV at 10 mA cm^-2 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), respectively, in the alkaline electrolyte along with a durable electrochemical stability. In addition, as both the cathode and anode, the Co0.75Fe0.25P also exhibits superior electrolysis water splitting performance with only an applied voltage of 1.63 V to attain a current density of 10 m A cm^-2 without obvious decay for 18 h,indicating that the Co0.75Fe0.25P is an efficient electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.

关键词： cobalt ferrite phosphides 3D ordered mesoporous structure highly efficient electrocatalysts water splitting

Ultrathin PtRu Nanowires as Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for liquid Fuel Oxidation Reactions

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Energy Material Advances 2022年第1期2022卷 223-230页

作者： Kun Yin Yuguang Chao lingyou Zeng menggang li Fangze liu Shaojun Guo Hongbo li Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications School of Materials Science&EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Direct liquid fuel cells(DLFCs)are promising clean energy conversion devices for their high energy density,low environmental pollution,and convenient transportation and ***,the commercialization of DLFCs is still limited by the lack of highly active and stable catalysts for the anodic oxidation of liquid ***,a new class of ultrathin PtRu nanowires(NWs)with a diameter of 1.1nm was synthesized via a colloidal chemistry *** as-made ultrathin PtRu NWs can not only expose large active sites but also enhance the kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction,which was confirmed by the in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)***,ultrathin PtRu NWs exhibit greatly boosted activity and stability for methanol and ethanol oxidation reactions in an alkaline medium.

关键词： spectroscopy. methanol catalyst