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Efficient and rapid conversion of human astrocytes and ALS mouse model spinal cord astrocytes into motor neuron-like cells by defined small molecules

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 62-78页

作者： An-Dong Zhao Hua Qin meng-li sun Kui Ma Xiao-Bing Fu Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070China Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College28 Fu Xing RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100853China PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury Repair and RegenerationBeijing 100048China Research Unit of Trauma Care Tissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100048China

Background: Motor neuron degeneration or loss in the spinal cord is the characteristic phenotype of motor neuron diseases or spinal cord injuries. Being proliferative and located near neurons, astrocytes are considered ideal cell sources for regenerating ***: We selected and tested different combinations of the small molecules for inducing the conversion of human and mouse astrocytes into neurons. Microscopic imaging and immunocytochemistry analyses were used to characterize the morphology and phenotype of the induced neurons while RT-q PCR was utilized to analyze changes in gene expression. In addition, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were measured to examine the electrophysiological properties of induced ***: The results showed that human astrocytes could be rapidly and efficiently converted into motor neuronlike cells by treatment with defined small molecules, with a yield of over 85% motor neuron-like cells attained. The induced motor neuron-like cells expressed the pan-neuronal markers TUJ1, MAP2, Neu N, and Synapsin 1 and motor neuron markers HB9, ISL1, CHAT, and VACh T. During the conversion process, the cells did not pass through a proliferative neural progenitor cell intermediate. The induced motor neurons were functional, showing the electrophysiological properties of neurons. The same chemical cocktail could induce spinal cord astrocytes from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model carrying a SOD1 mutation to become motor neuron-like cells that exhibited a decrease in cell survival and an increase in oxidative stress compared to that observed in wild-type MNs derived from healthy mice. Moreover, the chemical induction reduced oxidative stress in the mutant ***: The results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of chemically converting human and mouse astrocytes into motor neuron-like cells that are useful for neurodegenerative disease modeling and regenerative medicine.

关键词： Human astrocyte Motor neuron Reprogramming Transdifferentiation Conversion Regeneration Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Neurodegenerative

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Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells using small molecules and protein factors

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Military Medical Research 2021年第2期8卷 162-173页

作者： Hua Qin An-Dong Zhao meng-li sun Kui Ma Xiao-Bing Fu Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College28 Fu Xing RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100853China Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070China PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury Repair and RegenerationBeijing 100048China Research Unit of Trauma Care Tissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing 100048China

Background:Generation of neurons is essential in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s *** studies have reported the generation of dopaminergic(DA)neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts by ectopic expression of transcription factors,in which genetic manipulation is associated with potential ***:The small molecules and protein factors were selected based on their function to directly induce human fetal lung IMR-90 fibroblasts into DA neuron-like ***,immunocytochemical,and RT-qPCR analyses were used to characterize the morphology,phenotype,and gene expression features of the induced *** wholecell patch-clamp recordings were exploited to measure the electrophysiological ***:Human IMR-90 fibroblasts were rapidly converted into DA neuron-like cells after the chemical induction using small molecules and protein factors,with a yield of approximately 95%positive TUJ1-positive *** induced DA neuron-like cells were immunopositive for pan-neuronal markers MAP2,NEUN,and Synapsin 1 and DA markers TH,DDC,DAT,and *** chemical induction process did not involve a neural progenitor/stem cell intermediate *** induced neurons could fire single action potentials,which reflected partially the electrophysiological properties of ***:We developed a chemical cocktail of small molecules and protein factors to convert human fibroblasts into DA neuron-like cells without passing through a neural progenitor/stem cell intermediate *** induced DA neuron-like cells from human fibroblasts might provide a cellular source for cell-based therapy of Parkinson’s disease in the future.

关键词： Human fibroblasts Dopaminergic neurons Parkinson's disease Small molecules Reprogramming Transdifferentiation

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Influence of nitrogen status on fermentation performances of non-Saccharomyces yeasts:a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 556-567页

作者： Jinchen li mengmeng Yuan Nan meng Hehe li Jinyuan sun Baoguo sun Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China light Industry Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology&Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Nitrogen,one of the most crucial nutrients present in grapes and musts,plays a key role in yeast activities during alcoholic *** influences are imposed on yeast growth and fermentation performances including the formation of secondary *** cerevisiae,the main yeast responsible for fermentation,has been studied extensively regarding nitrogen *** the other hand,a similar study for non-Saccharomyces yeasts,whose contributions to winemaking have gradually been acknowledged,remains to be fully explored,with a few studies being *** review starts by discussing nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeast growth and fermentation kinetics in different case scenarios,then proceeds to summarize the nitrogen preferences of individual yeast strains with regulation mechanisms elucidated by recent *** discussions on the influences on the production of volatile compounds and proposed pathways therein are made,followed by future work suggested as the final *** summarizing the nitrogen impacts on non-Saccharomyces yeasts throughout alcoholic fermentation,this review will be helpful in obtaining a more comprehensive view on these non-conventional wine yeasts in terms of nutrient requirements and corresponding volatile *** gaps will therefore be elucidated for future research.

关键词： Non-Saccharomyces yeasts Nitrogen Fermentation kinetics Nitrogen preference Wine aroma

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Defects and morphology engineering for constructing V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S nanotube heterojunction arrays toward efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 29-40页

作者： Wenyuan sun Alan meng Lei Wang Guicun li Jinfeng Cui Yongkai sun Zhenjiang li College of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistryfor life Science MOE College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao Universityof Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Qingdao Huanghai University Qingdao 266000ShandongChina College of Electromechanical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061ShandongChina

The development of highly active,stable and inexpensive electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by defects and morphology engineering remains a great ***,S vacancies-rich Ni_(3)S_(2)@Cu_(2)S nan-otube heterojunction arrays were in-situ grown on copper foam(V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF)for efficient electrocatalytic overall water *** the merits of nanotube arrays and efficient electronic mod-ulation drived by the OD vacancy defect and 2D heterojunction defect,the resultant V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 47 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)at 10 mA cm^(-2) current density,and 263 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)at 50 mA cm^(-2) current density,as well as a cell voltage of 1.48 V at 10 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,the nanotube heterojunction arrays endows V_(s)-Ni_(3)S_(2)@V_(s)-Cu_(2)S NHAs/CF with outstanding stability in long-term catalytic processes,as confirmed by the continuous chronopotentiom-etry tests at current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) for 100 h.

关键词： Nanotubearrays Heterojunction Vacancy Bifunctional electrocatalyst Overall water splitting

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Advances and challenges in artificial intelligence text generation

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 64-83页

作者： Bing li Peng YANG Yuankang sun Zhongjian HU meng YI School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210000China Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210000China

Text generation is an essential research area in artificial intelligence(AI)technology and natural language processing and provides key technical support for the rapid development of AI-generated content(AIGC).It is based on technologies such as natural language processing,machine learning,and deep learning,which enable learning language rules through training models to automatically generate text that meets grammatical and semantic *** this paper,we sort and systematically summarize the main research progress in text generation and review recent text generation papers,focusing on presenting a detailed understanding of the technical *** addition,several typical text generation application systems are ***,we address some challenges and future directions in AI text *** conclude that improving the quality,quantity,interactivity,and adaptability of generated text can help fundamentally advance AI text generation development.

关键词： AI text generation Natural language processing Machine learning Deep learning

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Plasmon coupling-driven enhanced high-order multiphoton excited fluorescent performance of metal-organic frameworks

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6502-6508页

作者： Tong meng Bo li linlin Zeng Xianshun sun Yupeng Tian Hongping Zhou meng Zhou Dandan li Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid MaterialsMinistry of EducationAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Accessing high-order multiphoton excited fluorescence(H-MPEF)materials is challenging yet and needs complicated synthesis *** this study,we successfully assembled plasmonic Au nanorods(Au NRs)with multiphoton responsive metalorganic frameworks(MOFs),resulting in a significant several-fold enhancement of *** extent of multiphoton enhancement was found to be strongly dependent on the degree of overlap between the multiphoton excitation wavelength of MOFs and the localized surface plasmon resonance absorbance of Au NRs,indicating the importance of plasmon-induced resonance energy ***,plasmon-induced hot electron transfer played a vital role in enhanced multiphoton activity as ***,the optimum H-MPEF enhancement occurs at the second near-infrared(NIR-II)region,which provides a promising platform for fluorescent *** findings provide a feasible and practical method to fabricate optimized H-MPEF materials for biological imaging using tissue-penetrating NIR-II light.

关键词： metal-organic framework(MOF) plasmon resonance multiphoton activity fluorescence imaging

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Multiscale spatiotemporal meteorological drought prediction:A deep learning approach

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 211-221页

作者： Jia-li ZHANG Xiao-meng HUANG Yu-Ze sun Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModellingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Reliable monitoring and thorough spatiotemporal prediction of meteorological drought are crucial for early warning and decision-making regarding drought-related *** utilisation of multiscale methods is effective for a comprehensive evaluation of drought occurrence and progression,given the complex nature of meteorological ***,the nonlinear spatiotemporal features of meteorological droughts,influenced by various climatological,physical and environmental factors,pose significant challenges to integrated prediction that considers multiple indicators and time *** address these constraints,we introduce an innovative deep learning framework based on the shifted window transformer,designed for executing spatiotemporal prediction of meteorological drought across multiple *** formulate four prediction indicators using the standardized precipitation index and the standard precipitation evaporation index as core methods for drought definition using the ERA5 reanalysis *** indicators span time scales of approximately 30 d and one ***-term indicators capture more anomalous variations,whereas long-term indicators attain comparatively higher accuracy in predicting future *** focus on the East Asian region,notable for its diverse climate conditions and intricate terrains,to validate the model's efficacy in addressing the complexities of nonlinear spatiotemporal *** model's performance is evaluated from diverse spatiotemporal viewpoints,and practical application values are analysed by representative drought *** results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed model in providing accurate multiscale predictions and capturing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of *** of the four drought indicators accurately delineates specific facets of the meteorological drought ***,three representative drought events,namely flash drought,sustained drought and severe drought,

关键词： Meteorological drought Spatiotemporal prediction Multiscale Swim transformer Deep learning

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The dawn−dusk asymmetry in mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperature disturbances during geomagnetic storms at high latitude

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 356-367页

作者： GuanChun Wei JianYong Lu Fen Tang JingYuan li meng sun Institute of Space Weather School of Atmospheric PhysicsNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Information and Communication National University of Defense TechnologyWuhan 430019China

Utilizing observations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument,we quantitatively assessed the dawn-dusk asymmetry in temperature disturbances within the high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)during the main phase of geomagnetic storms in this *** analysis of five geomagnetic superstorm events indicated that during the main phase,negative temperature disturbances were more prevalent on the dawn side than on the dusk side in the high-latitude MLT *** of a statistical analysis of 54 geomagnetic storm events also revealed a notable disparity in temperature disturbances between the dawn and dusk *** high latitudes,38.2%of the observational points on the dawn side exhibited negative temperature disturbances(less than−5 K),whereas on the dusk side,this percentage was only 29.5%.In contrast,at mid-latitudes,these proportions were 34.1%and 36.5%,respectively,showing no significant *** also conducted a statistical analysis of temperature disturbances at different altitudes,which revealed an increase in the proportion of warming disturbances with ***,the proportion of cooling disturbances initially rose with altitude,reaching a peak around 105 km,and subsequently *** temperature disturbance differences could be explained by the day-night asymmetry in vertical wind disturbances during storm conditions.

关键词： dawn dusk asymmetry SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) geomagnetic storms mesosphere and lower thermosphere

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Transfer-free chemical vapor deposition graphene for nitride epitaxy: challenges, current status and future outlook

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第3期67卷 824-840页

作者： Xiang Gao Senlin li Jingfeng Bi Kaixuan Zhou meng li Zhongfan liu Jingyu sun College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationsSUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation CenterKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095China Xiamen Silan Advanced Compound Semiconductor Co.Ltd. Xiamen 361026China

Graphene, a two-dimensional material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties, has attracted considerable attention in the field of semiconductor technologies due to its potential use as a buffer layer for the epitaxial Ⅲ-nitride growth. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene on various insulating substrates for the nitride epitaxy, which offers a facile, inexpensive, and easily scalable methodology. However, certain challenges are still present in the form of producing high-quality graphene and achieving optimal interface compatibility with Ⅲ-nitride *** this review, we provide an overview of the bottlenecks associated with the transferred graphene fabrication techniques and the state-of-the-art techniques for the transfer-free graphene growth. The present contribution highlights the current progress in the transfer-free graphene growth on different insulating substrates, including sapphire, quartz, SiO_(2)/Si, and discusses the potential applications of transfer-free graphene in the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy. Finally, it includes the prospects of the transfer-free graphene growth for the Ⅲ-nitride epitaxy and the challenges that should be overcome to realize its full potential in this field.

关键词： Transfer-free chemical vapor deposition graphene for nitride epitaxy challenges current status and future outlook graphene

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呼吸机冷凝水密闭式收集装置的设计及应用

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中华医院感染学杂志 2024年第6期34卷 941-945页

作者：居俏艳步惠琴时粉娟张美琪朱玲雅黎梦笋嘉兴市第一医院嘉兴大学附属医院护理部浙江嘉兴314000

目的将自行设计的呼吸机冷凝水密闭式收集装置应用于临床,验证该装置在呼吸机管道管理中的应用效果。方法纳入2021年3月1日—11月30日嘉兴市第一医院重症监护室(ICU)有创呼吸机治疗患者214例为对照组,使用常规的管道集水杯收集冷凝水... 详细信息

目的将自行设计的呼吸机冷凝水密闭式收集装置应用于临床,验证该装置在呼吸机管道管理中的应用效果。方法纳入2021年3月1日—11月30日嘉兴市第一医院重症监护室(ICU)有创呼吸机治疗患者214例为对照组,使用常规的管道集水杯收集冷凝水,并按常规操作倾倒冷凝水,2022年2月1日—7月31日重症监护室有创呼吸机治疗患者206例为研究组,使用本研究设计的呼吸机冷凝水密闭式收集装置;评价两组呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的发生率、呼吸机管道冷凝水的积水管理合格率、日均护理工时等。结果两组VAP的发生率为研究组6.31%,对照组12.61%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);呼吸机管道积水管理合格率研究组为69.88%,对照组55.4%,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);冷凝水处理的日均护理工时研究组为(45.34±2.23) min,对照组(77.71±3.96)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究设计的呼吸机冷凝水密闭式收集装置降低了VAP的发生,提高了呼吸机管道积水管理的合格率,明显缩短了冷凝水管理的日均护理工时,提高了护理工作效率,具有一定的临床借鉴意义。

关键词：冷凝水密闭式收集装置呼吸机管理呼吸机相关性肺炎护理工时危重症护理设计

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